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Meurer F, Häberlein H, Franken S. Ivy Leaf Dry Extract EA 575 ® Has an Inhibitory Effect on the Signalling Cascade of Adenosine Receptor A 2B. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12373. [PMID: 37569749 PMCID: PMC10418604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivy leaf dry extract EA 575® is used to improve complaints of chronic inflammatory bronchial diseases and acute inflammation of the respiratory tract accompanied by coughing. Its mechanism of action has so far been explained by influencing β2-adrenergic signal transduction. In the present study, we investigated a possible influence on adenosine receptor A2B (A2BAR) signalling, as it has been described to play a significant and detrimental role in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. The influence of EA 575® on A2BAR signalling was assessed with measurements of dynamic mass redistribution. Subsequently, the effects on A2BAR-mediated second messenger cAMP levels, β-arrestin 2 recruitment, and cAMP response element (CRE) activation were examined using luciferase-based HEK293 reporter cell lines. Lastly, the impact on A2BAR-mediated IL-6 release in Calu-3 epithelial lung cells was investigated via the Lumit™ Immunoassay. Additionally, the adenosine receptor subtype mediating these effects was specified, and A2BAR was found to be responsible. The present study demonstrates an inhibitory influence of EA 575® on A2BAR-mediated general cellular response, cAMP levels, β-arrestin 2 recruitment, CRE activation, and IL-6 release. Since these EA 575®-mediated effects occur within a time frame of several hours of incubation, its mode of action can be described as indirect. The present data are the first to describe an inhibitory effect of EA 575® on A2BAR signalling. This may offer an explanation for the beneficial clinical effects of the extract in adjuvant asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (H.H.)
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Shokry AA, El-Shiekh RA, Kamel G, Bakr AF, Ramadan A. Bioactive phenolics fraction of Hedera helix L. (Common Ivy Leaf) standardized extract ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury in the mouse model through the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09477. [PMID: 35647334 PMCID: PMC9130539 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedera helix L. (family Araliaceae) is classified as a conventional plant used as a medicinal product in the cure and prevention of upper respiratory tract inflammation and infection due to its secretolytic and broncholytic effects. Our research was conducted to authenticate the anti-inflammatory effect of ivy leaves extract in the prevention of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In-vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant were evaluated, in addition to the in-vivo acute lung inflammation model induced by LPS in mice. The animals were divided into seven groups randomly (each group containing 10 mice): control negative (saline only), control positive (LPS group), standard (Dexamethasone 2 mg/kg), ethanolic ivy leaves extract (EIE, 100 mg/kg), ethanolic ivy leaves extract (EIE, 200 mg/kg), saponin rich fraction (SRF, 100 mg/kg) and phenolic rich fraction (PRF, 100 mg/kg). Right lungs were homogenized to determine the levels of SOD, MDA, catalase, IL-10, TNF-α, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and MPO. Left lungs were excised for histopathology and histomorphometry. Immunohistochemistry of Cox-2 and TNF-α levels were measured. Additionally, Western blotting was used to determine the levels of phosphorylated MAPK. Also, the ethanolic extract was also standardized through HPLC analysis for its content of rutin.The data showed that the oral supplementation with EIE, 200 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the pro-inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress biomarkers induced by LPS. Interestingly, the phenolics showed promising activity, therefore they are responsible for the action. In conclusion, the standardized ivy leaf extract could be advised for acute lung injury for its antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Ivy leaf is a traditional perennial edible herb used as an anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory disorders. The plant significantly reduced the serum oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in the in-vivo acute lung inflammation model induced by LPS. Also, it had antimicrobial activity. Phenolics not saponins are responsible for the activity of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A. Shokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Gehan Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa F. Bakr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amer Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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Meurer F, Schulte-Michels J, Häberlein H, Franken S. Ivy leaves dry extract EA 575® mediates biased β 2-adrenergic receptor signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153645. [PMID: 34280828 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) stimulation activates the G protein/cAMP pathway, which is opposed by the GRK2/β-arrestin 2 pathway. The latter is undesirable in the treatment of respiratory diseases. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE EA 575® is capable of mediating a biased β2-adrenergic signaling pathway. METHODS The impact of the ivy leaves dry extract EA 575® on β2-adrenergic signaling was tested in a dynamic mass redistribution assay in HEK wild-type and in HEK β-arrestin knock-out cells. cAMP formation and recruitment of β-arrestin 2 were investigated using GloSensor™ and PathHunter® assays, respectively. NFκB transcriptional activity was determined in both HEK wild-type as well as HEK β-arrestin knock-out cells. RESULTS EA 575® inhibits the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 and thereby enhances G protein/cAMP signaling under β2-stimulating conditions, as evidenced by a corresponding increase in cAMP formation. While β2-AR-mediated inhibition of NFκB transcriptional activity is β-arrestin-dependent, EA 575® leads to significant inhibition of NFκB transcriptional activity in β-arrestin knock-out cells and thus via a β-arrestin-independent signaling pathway. CONCLUSION EA 575® is the first active phytopharmaceutical ingredient for which biased β2-adrenergic activation has been described. This shift towards G protein/cAMP signaling provides the molecular basis for the clinically proven efficacy of EA 575® in the treatment of lower respiratory tract diseases. In this light, EA 575® could potentially reduce β-arrestin-mediated adverse effects in new combinatorial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Meurer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janka Schulte-Michels
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanns Häberlein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Natural Products Targeting the Mitochondria in Cancers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010092. [PMID: 33379233 PMCID: PMC7795732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are abundant sources of anticancer drugs in nature that have a broad prospect in anticancer drug discovery. Natural compounds, with biological activities extracted from plants and marine and microbial metabolites, have significant antitumor effects, but their mechanisms are various. In addition to providing energy to cells, mitochondria are involved in processes, such as cell differentiation, cell signaling, and cell apoptosis, and they have the ability to regulate cell growth and cell cycle. Summing up recent data on how natural products regulate mitochondria is valuable for the development of anticancer drugs. This review focuses on natural products that have shown antitumor effects via regulating mitochondria. The search was done in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, over a 5-year period, between 2015 and 2020, with a keyword search that focused on natural products, natural compounds, phytomedicine, Chinese medicine, antitumor, and mitochondria. Many natural products have been studied to have antitumor effects on different cells and can be further processed into useful drugs to treat cancer. In the process of searching for valuable new drugs, natural products such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, and quinones cover the broad space.
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A comparative study on the influence of an ivy preparation and an ivy/thyme combination on the β 2-adrenergic signal transduction. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03960. [PMID: 32514478 PMCID: PMC7266782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is relevant for surfactant formation in alveolar type 2 cells and reduction of intracellular calcium concentration in bronchial muscle cells and thus for secretolytic and bronchospasmolytic effects. Herbal medicinal products that affect the β2AR system are used to treat common cold and bronchitis accompanied with mucus covered and narrowed airways. The present work compares the influence of an ivy preparation and an ivy/thyme combination on the β2-adrenergic signal transduction. For receptor binding studies and characterization of the lateral mobility of β2AR we have used single molecule detection by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single particle tracking. For the determination of both the second messenger cAMP and the internalization of β2AR we have generated luciferase based reporter cell lines, which produce a cAMP-dependent luciferase in the cytosol and express β2AR with extracellular luciferase moiety in the plasma membrane. While both preparations increased the β2AR binding, a significant increase of the cAMP level was observed only for the ivy preparation, which can be explained by the inhibited internalization of HiBiT-tagged β2AR under stimulating conditions. In contrast, isoprenaline-mediated internalization of HiBiT-tagged β2AR of ivy/thyme combination pre-treated cells was not inhibited. Cells comparatively pre-treated with a thyme preparation did not show inhibition of ß2AR internalization either. Furthermore, SNAP-tagged β2AR of ivy preparation pre-treated cells, which were not internalized after isoprenaline stimulation, showed a redistribution from fast-to-slowly diffusing β2AR. A corresponding redistribution of these receptors was not observed after pre-treatment with both the ivy/thyme combination and the thyme preparation. Comparable to the ivy/thyme combination, no decrease in the intratrack transitioning probability ratio (p23/p32) for fast and slow diffusing β2AR was found for the thyme preparation, which, however, significantly decreased for control cells and for pre-treatment with the ivy preparation under stimulating conditions. It can therefore be concluded that the thyme fluid extract fraction in the ivy/thyme combination may have in part a negative effect on the β2-adrenergic signal transduction.
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Schaefer A, Ludwig F, Giannetti BM, Bulitta M, Wacker A. Efficacy of two dosing schemes of a liquid containing ivy leaves dry extract EA 575 versus placebo in the treatment of acute bronchitis in adults. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00019-2019. [PMID: 31832428 PMCID: PMC6899337 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00019-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The results of a clinical trial published in 2016 showed the efficacy of ivy leaves dry extract EA 575 versus placebo in the treatment of patients suffering from acute cough. A clinical trial with a very similar design was conducted to not only show the reproducibility of former results but also to investigate an alternative dosing scheme. Methods This randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a liquid containing EA 575 in the treatment of acute bronchitis. A total of 209 patients were treated with a liquid containing EA 575 as an active investigational medicinal product (verum) either two (7.5 mL) or three (5 mL) times a day or placebo in the respective dosing scheme for 1 week, with a total observational period of 2 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was a change in Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS) of the pooled placebo and pooled verum groups between visits 1 and 5. Additional secondary parameters were assessed, including, for example, change in cough severity as assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Verbal Category Descriptive (VCD) score. Results Superiority of verum over placebo was during and at the end of treatment, as measured by BSS. No significant differences between the dosing schemes were observed. VCD scores and VAS measurements also showed the superiority of verum over placebo. Conclusion The existing data on the clinical efficacy of EA 575 were confirmed. Furthermore, a new dosing scheme was shown to be noninferior to the currently used scheme while maintaining the safety and tolerability of the well-established cough liquid containing EA 575. Ivy leaves dry extract EA 575 provides an effective and safe therapeutic option in the treatment of acute bronchitishttp://bit.ly/318CZys
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Ludwig
- Engelhard Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG, Niederdorfelden, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Wacker
- Engelhard Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG, Niederdorfelden, Germany
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Schulte-Michels J, Keksel C, Häberlein H, Franken S. Anti-inflammatory effects of ivy leaves dry extract: influence on transcriptional activity of NFκB. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:339-347. [PMID: 29748881 PMCID: PMC6482290 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
EA 575® is an ivy leaves dry extract (DER 5-7.5:1, 30% ethanol) used against diseases of the lower respiratory tract associated with productive cough. EA 575® improves symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory bronchial conditions. Compared to its bronchospasmolytic and secretolytic properties, the anti-inflammatory effects of EA 575® are mostly untried. Therefore, we addressed the question of whether the anti-inflammatory effect of EA 575® is due to an impact on the NFκB pathway. NFκB nuclear translocation was visualized by immunofluorescence in J774.2 as well as HEK293 cells. In the latter, a luciferase-based reporter was used to monitor NFκB transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation of RelA and its inhibitor IκB was measured by Western blot analysis. Additionally, changes in the stability of NFκB:IκB complex were shown by protein fragment complementation. Decreased transcriptional activity of NFκB under treatment with EA 575® was also shown for a human monocytic as well as a human lung epithelial cell line. EA 575® is able to inhibit NFκB transcriptional activity by partially inhibiting its translocation to the nucleus after stimulation with TNFα. Furthermore, phosphorylation of IκBα is reduced while phosphorylation of RelA is enhanced after pre-incubation with EA 575®, leading to an enhanced stability of NFκB:IκBα complex. EA 575® has an regulatory impact on the NFκB pathway, possibly by switching specificity of IKK from IκBα to RelA, resulting in enhanced stability of NFκB:IκBα complex and reduced RelA translocation into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Schulte-Michels
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Keksel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanns Häberlein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Wang H, Wu B, Wang H. Alpha-hederin induces the apoptosis of oral cancer SCC-25 cells by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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α-Hederin Arrests Cell Cycle at G2/M Checkpoint and Promotes Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Blocking Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2548378. [PMID: 30363706 PMCID: PMC6180961 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2548378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer represents the third most common malignancy worldwide. New drugs with high efficaciousness and safety for the treatment of colon cancer are urgently needed in clinical context. Here, we were aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of the natural compound α-hederin in human colon cancer cells. We treated SW620 cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro to mimic the paracrine inflammatory microenvironment of tumor cells. α-Hederin concentration dependently reduced the viability of IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells. α-Hederin increased the number of IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells at the G2/M phase and reduced the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1. Moreover, α-hederin induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells. α-Hederin downregulated Bcl-2 expression, upregulated Bax expression, and promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm. Additionally, α-hederin elevated the levels of cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP, but had little effects on the levels of cleaved-caspase-8. Moreover, α-hederin prevented the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and reduced the phosphorylation of IκBα and IKKα, suggesting the blockade of NF-κB signaling. NF-κB inhibitor PDTC not only produced similar proapoptotic effects on IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells as α-hederin did, but also synergistically enhanced α-hederin's proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, α-hederin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in IL-6-stimulated SW620 cells, which was involved in α-hederin blockade of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Altogether, α-hederin suppressed viability, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and stimulated mitochondrial and caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which were associated with disruption of NF-κB and ERK pathways, suggesting α-hederin as a promising candidate for intervention of colon cancer.
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Yu Q, Gratzke C, Wang Y, Herlemann A, Strittmatter F, Rutz B, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of prostatic smooth muscle contraction by the inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/3, CMPD101. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Savović S, Paut Kusturica M, Kljajić V, Buljčik Čupić M, Jovančević L, Pavlović V, Rašković A. The influence of standardized dry ivy leaf extract on the proportion of nasal secretion after post-septoplasty nasal packing removal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 85:685-689. [PMID: 30017873 PMCID: PMC9443054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction After post-septoplasty nasal packing removal, a certain proportion of nasal secretion occurs, leading to local and sometimes systemic infections. Objective The aim was to determine if standardized dry ivy leaf extract application after nasal packing removal influences the reduction of nasal secretion and diminish the occurrence of local infections. Methods The study included 70 post-septoplasty patients (divided into two equal groups) whose nasal packing was removed on the third day after the procedure. Group I was treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup along with regular nasal irrigation for the five days after the nasal packing removal whereas the Group II had only nasal lavage. On the sixth day after nasal packing removal, the quantity of nasal secretion was determined using a visual analog scale and nasal endoscopic examination. Results The group treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup had significantly lesser nasal secretion both by subjective patients’ assessment (p < 0.001) and by nasal endoscopic examination (p = 0.003). The post-surgical follow up examination on the sixth day after nasal packing removal showed no development of local infection in the Group I, while in the Group II a local infection was evident in five patients (14.29%) and antibiotic therapy was required. Conclusion The use of the standardized dry ivy leaf extract after nasal packing removal significantly lowers the proportion of nasal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Savović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Paut Kusturica
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Kljajić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Buljčik Čupić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jovančević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandar Rašković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Sun D, Shen W, Zhang F, Fan H, Xu C, Li L, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Cheng H. α-Hederin inhibits interleukin 6-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition associated with disruption of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:107-114. [PMID: 29477470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy and has high morbidity worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been increasingly implicated in colon cancer progression and metastasis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential antitumor activity of α-hederin, a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin isolated from Hedera helix, in human SW620 colon cancer cells stimulated with interleukin 6 (IL-6) for mimicking the tumor inflammatory microenvironment in vivo. Cell viability assay showed that IL-6 at 6.25 ng/ml significantly enhanced viability of SW620 cells, and thus this concentration was used to stimulate SW620 cells throughout this study. We observed that α-hederin concentration-dependently inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion in IL-6-treated SW620 cells. Moreover, α-hederin significantly restored IL-6-induced decrease in E-cadherin expression and abolished IL-6-induced increase in N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, twist and snail at both mRNA and protein levels in SW620 cells. These data suggested that α-hederin suppressed IL-6-indcued EMT in colon cancer cells. Further molecular examinations showed that α-hederin inhibited phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3), and halted the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 in IL-6-treated SW620 cells. In addition, JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor AG490 not only produced similar inhibitory effects on EMT markers as α-hederin, but also synergistically enhanced α-hederin's inhibitory effects on EMT markers in IL-6-treated SW620 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that α-hederin suppressed IL-6-induced EMT associated with disruption of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in colon cancer cells. Our data strongly suggested α-hederin as a promising candidate for intervention of colon cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weixing Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huisen Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Changliang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiani Tan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunjie Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory of Proved Anticarcinoma Recipe Research and Industrialization Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Okawa T, Aramaki Y, Yamamoto M, Kobayashi T, Fukumoto S, Toyoda Y, Henta T, Hata A, Ikeda S, Kaneko M, Hoffman ID, Sang BC, Zou H, Kawamoto T. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of the Highly Selective and Potent G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6942-6990. [PMID: 28699740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of therapeutic drug candidates for heart failure, highly potent and selective GRK2 inhibitors, exhibit potentiation of β-adrenergic signaling in vitro studies. Hydrazone derivative 5 and 1,2,4-triazole derivative 24a were identified as hit compounds by HTS. New scaffold generation and SAR studies of all parts resulted in a 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole derivative with an N-benzylcarboxamide moiety with highly potent activity toward GRK2 and selectivity over other kinases. In terms of subtype selectivity, these compounds showed enough selectivity against GRK1, 5, 6, and 7 with almost equipotent inhibition to GRK3. Our medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of 115h (GRK2 IC50 = 18 nM), which was obtained the cocrystal structure with human GRK2 and an inhibitor of GRK2 that potentiates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-mediated cAMP accumulation and prevents internalization of βARs in β2AR-expressing HEK293 cells treated with isoproterenol. Therefore, 115h appears to be a novel class of therapeutic for heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Okawa
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aramaki
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Yamamoto
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshitake Kobayashi
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukio Toyoda
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Henta
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shota Ikeda
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Manami Kaneko
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Isaac D Hoffman
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hua Zou
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Yu M, Liu J, Li L, Xu H, Xing Y, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Pharmacokinetic parameters of three active ingredients hederacoside C, hederacoside D, and ɑ-hederin in Hedera helix in rats. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3292-301. [PMID: 27377040 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Hedera helix hederacoside C, hederacoside D, and ɑ-hederin are three major bioactive saponins and play pivotal roles in the overall biological activity. In this study, a specific and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the quantification of three major bioactive saponins in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.9 μm) using a gradient mobile phase system of acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% formic acid. The assay was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of the three analytes in rats after oral and intravenous administration of a mixture of saponins (hederacoside C, hederacoside D, and ɑ-hederin). Further research was performed to compare the pharmacokinetic behavior of the three analytes after the oral administration of a mixture of saponins and an extract of saponins from Hedera helix, and results showed that double peaks were evident on concentration-time profile for each of the three saponins. The difference in the pharmacokinetic characteristics of three saponins between a mixture of saponins and an extract of saponins from Hedera helix was found in rat, which would be beneficial for the preclinical research and clinical use of Hedera helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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