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Pu N, Li S, Wu H, Zhao N, Wang K, Wei D, Wang J, Sha L, Zhao Y, Tao Y, Song Z. Beacon of Hope for Age-Related Retinopathy: Antioxidative Mechanisms and Pre-Clinical Trials of Quercetin Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:561. [PMID: 40427443 PMCID: PMC12108410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 04/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Age-related retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and irreversible blindness, characterized by progressive neuronal and myelin loss. The damages caused by oxidation contributes to the hallmarks of aging and represents fundamental components in pathological pathways that are thought to drive multiple age-related retinopathies. Quercetin (Que), a natural polyphenol abundant in vegetables, herbs, and fruits, has been extensively studied for its long-term antioxidative effects mediated through diverse mechanisms. Additionally, Que and its derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological characteristics in the cellular responses of age-related retinopathy induced by oxidative stress, including anti-inflammatory, anti-neovascularization, regulatory, and neuroprotective effects in autophagy and apoptosis processes. This review mainly focuses on the antioxidative mechanisms and curative effects of Que treatment for various age-related retinopathies, such as retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Furthermore, we discuss emerging technologies and methods involving Que and its derivatives in the therapeutic strategies for age-related retinopathies, highlighting their promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Lulu Sha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Yameng Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (S.L.); (N.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Zongming Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (N.P.); (H.W.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
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Li C, Wang B. Role of P2X7R in Retinal Diseases: A Review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2025; 13:e70203. [PMID: 40396593 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Revised: 03/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel that, upon activation by ATP, triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and induces apoptosis in cells. This channel plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Recently, there has been a growing body of research focused on the function of P2X7R receptors in ophthalmic conditions, particularly concerning retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. OBJECTIVE This article is to provide a comprehensive review of the advancements in the study of P2X7R and its association with retinal diseases, elucidating its role in these conditions and identifying potential avenues for future research. METHODS Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan fang Data were searched for relevant literature. The following keywords were used: "P2X7R", Age-related macular degeneration", "Diabetic retinopathy", "Retinitis pigmentosa". Both preclinical and clinical studies were included to provide a holistic understanding of P2X7R's role in retinal pathology. RESULTS P2X7R activation exacerbates retinal diseases by promoting inflammation and apoptosis. However, its role in disease progression and homeostasis complicates therapeutic targeting, highlighting the need for selective inhibitors and further research into its context-dependent functions. CONCLUSION P2X7R plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. At the same time, preclinical studies suggest that P2X7R inhibition holds promise as a therapeutic strategy. Future research should focus on developing selective P2X7R inhibitors, elucidating the receptor's role in different disease stages, and identifying biomarkers to guide personalized treatment. Addressing these challenges will be essential for translating P2X7R-targeted therapies into clinical practice and improving outcomes for patients with retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Zou YT, Li JY, Chai JY, Hu YS, Zhang WJ, Zhang Q. The impact of the P2X7 receptor on the tumor immune microenvironment and its effects on tumor progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149513. [PMID: 38508051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern, and finding effective methods to treat it has been a focus of scientific research. It has been discovered that the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the environment in which they exist, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immune response interacting with the tumor occurring within the TME constitutes the tumor immune microenvironment, and the immune response can lead to anti-tumor and pro-tumor outcomes and has shown tremendous potential in immunotherapy. A channel called the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has been identified within the TME. It is an ion channel present in various immune cells and tumor cells, and its activation can lead to inflammation, immune responses, angiogenesis, immunogenic cell death, and promotion of tumor development. This article provides an overview of the structure, function, and pharmacological characteristics of P2X7R. We described the concept and components of tumor immune microenvironment and the influence immune components has on tumors. We also outlined the impact of P2X7R regulation and how it affects the development of tumors and summarized the effects of drugs targeting P2X7R on tumor progression, both past and current, assisting researchers in treating tumors using P2X7R as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Yu-Shan Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
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Huang JM, Zhao N, Hao XN, Li SY, Wei D, Pu N, Peng GH, Tao Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling Mediated Neuroglia Activation Is Implicated in the Retinal Degeneration: A Potential Therapeutic Target to Prevent Photoreceptor Death. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:29. [PMID: 38231527 PMCID: PMC10795588 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal degeneration (RD) is a large cluster of retinopathies that is characterized by the progressive photoreceptor death and visual impairments. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling has been documented to mediate the microglia activation and gliosis reaction during neurodegeneration. We intend to verify whether the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling is involved in the RD pathology. Methods A pharmacologically induced RD mice model was established. AZD8797, a CX3CR1 antagonist, was injected into the vitreous cavity of an RD model to modulate the neuroglia activation. Then, the experimental animals were subjected to functional, morphological, and behavioral analysis. Results The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling mediated neuroglia activation was implicated in the photoreceptor demise of an RD model. Intravitreal injection of AZD8797 preserved the retinal structure and enhanced the photoreceptor survival through inhibiting the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expressions. Fundus photography showed that the distribution of retinal vessel was clear, and the severity of lesions was alleviated by AZD8797. In particular, these morphological benefits could be translated into remarkable functional improvements, as evidenced by the behavioral test and electroretinogram (mf-ERG) examination. A mechanism study showed that AZD8797 mitigated the microglia activation and migration in the degenerative retinas. The Müller cell hyper-reaction and secondary gliosis response were also suppressed by AZD8797. Conclusions The neuroinflammation is implicated in the photoreceptor loss of RD pathology. Targeting the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy. Future refinements of these findings may cast light into the discovery of new medications for RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Min Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Na Hao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hua Peng
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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