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Kondo T, Yamanishi T, Nishio T, Yokota Y, Seikai T, Enomoto A, Harada T, Tsuji T, Tanaka S. Swallowing-like activity elicited in neonatal rat medullary slice preparation. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148955. [PMID: 38679314 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Swallowing is induced by a central pattern generator in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). We aimed to create a medullary slice preparation to elucidate the neural architecture of the central pattern generator of swallowing (Sw-CPG) and record its neural activities. Experiments were conducted on 2-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 46). The brainstem-spinal cord was transected at the pontomedullary and cervicothoracic junctions; the medulla was sliced transversely at thicknesses of 600, 700, or 800 μm. The rostral end of the slice was 100 μm rostral to the vagus nerve. We recorded hypoglossal nerve activity and electrically stimulated the vagus nerve or microinjected bicuculline methiodide (BIC) into the NTS. The 800-μm slices generated both rhythmic respiratory activity and electrically elicited neural activity. The 700-μm slices generated only respiratory activity, while the 600-μm slices did not generate any neural activity. BIC microinjection into the NTS in 800-μm slices resulted in the typical activity that closely resembled the swallowing activity reported in other experiments. This swallowing-like activity consistently lengthened the respiratory interval. Despite complete inhibition of respiratory activity, weak swallowing-like activity was observed under bath application of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist. Contrastingly, bath application of NMDA receptor antagonists resulted in a complete loss of swallowing-like activity and no change in respiratory activity. These results suggest that the 800-μm medullary slice preparation contains both afferent and efferent neural circuits and pattern generators of swallowing activity. Additionally, NMDA receptors may be necessary for generating swallowing activity. This medullary slice preparation can therefore elucidate Sw-CPG neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Kondo
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Yamanishi
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishio
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokota
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Seikai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akifumi Enomoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Ye Q, Yuan S, Yao L, Dai Y, Deng B, Hu J, Qiao J, Wen H, Dou Z, Xu N. Participation of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on post-stroke dysphagia through the primary motor cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14442. [PMID: 37665118 PMCID: PMC10916452 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a common and serious disease, affects the quality of life of many patients and their families. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been commonly used effectively in the treatment of PSD, but the therapeutic mechanism is still under exploration at present. We aim to investigate the effect of the nucleus tractus solitarus (NTS) on the treatment of PSD by EA at Lianquan (CV23) through the primary motor cortex (M1). METHODS C57 male mice were used to construct a PSD mouse model using photothrombotic technique, and the swallowing function was evaluated by electromyography (EMG) recording. C-Fos-positive neurons and types of neurons in the NTS were detected by immunofluorescence. Optogenetics and chemical genetics were used to regulate the NTS, and the firing rate of neurons was recorded via multichannel recording. RESULTS The results showed that most of the activated neurons in the NTS were excitatory neurons, and multichannel recording indicated that the activity levels of both pyramidal neurons and interneurons in the NTS were regulated by M1. This process was involved in the EA treatment. Furthermore, while chemogenetic inhibition of the NTS reduced the EMG signal associated with the swallowing response induced by activation of M1 in PSD mice, EA rescued this signal. CONCLUSION Overall, the NTS was shown to participate in the regulation of PSD by EA at CV23 through M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityTianhe District, GuangzhouChina
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Si Yuan
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
- Department of Rehabilitation of Traditional Chinese MedicineHunan University of Chinese MedicineYuelu District, ChangshaChina
| | - Lulu Yao
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Bing Deng
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityTianhe District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Hongmei Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityTianhe District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Zulin Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityTianhe District, GuangzhouChina
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
| | - Nenggui Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicinePanyu District, GuangzhouChina
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Kobashi M, Shimatani Y, Fujita M. Oxytocin increased intragastric pressure in the forestomach of rats via the dorsal vagal complex. Physiol Behav 2023; 261:114087. [PMID: 36646162 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that appetite-enhancing peptides facilitated phasic contractions of the distal stomach and relaxed the forestomach via the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). The present study investigated the effects of anorectic substances on gastric reservoir function. The effects of oxytocin on the motility of the forestomach were examined in rats anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. Gastric motor responses were measured using an intragastric balloon. The fourth ventricular administration of oxytocin (0.1 - 1.0 nmol) increased intragastric pressure (IGP) in the forestomach in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the administration of oxytocin (0.3 nmol) suppressed phasic contractions of the distal stomach. These responses were opposite to those of appetite-enhancing peptides in previous studies. The oxytocin response in the forestomach was not observed after bilateral cervical vagotomy. The effects of oxytocin on forestomach motility were examined in animals that underwent ablation of the area postrema (AP) to clarify its involvement. Although the magnitude of the response to the fourth ventricular administration of oxytocin decreased, a significant response was still observed. A microinjection of oxytocin (3 pmol) into the AP, the left medial nucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS), the left commissural part of the NTS, or the left dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus was performed. The oxytocin injection into the AP and/or mNTS induced a rapid and large increase in IGP in the forestomach. Prior injection of L-368,899, an oxytocin receptor antagonist, into both the AP and mNTS attenuated the oxytocin response of the forestomach induced by fourth ventricular administration of oxytocin. These results indicate that oxytocin acts on the AP and/or mNTS to increase IGP in the forestomach via vagal preganglionic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kobashi
- Department of Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Shimatani
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, 158-8557, Japan
| | - Masako Fujita
- Department of Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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Ishiguro M, Nakayama K, Nakamura S, Mochizuki A, Dantsuji M, Ihara Y, Inoue T. Involvement of ghrelin in the regulation of swallowing motor activity in an arterially perfused rat preparation. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:62-69. [PMID: 36370899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a peripheral peptide produced in the stomach, is involved in the neural networks that control food intake. Alterations in motor components, such as swallowing, are believed to be significant in the regulation food intake by orexigenic signals. However, there has been no detailed investigation of the relationship between ghrelin and swallowing activities induced in motor nerves innervating the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. In this study, we examined the effects of ghrelin administration on swallowing motor activity in arterially perfused rats. Injection of distilled water (0.5 ml) into the oral cavity or electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve evoked swallowing motor activity in the cervical vagus nerve. Administration of ghrelin (6 nM), but not des-acylated ghrelin (6 nM), into the perfusate increased the peak burst amplitude and burst duration, and shortened the first burst interval of water injection-induced swallowing. These ghrelin-induced changes in swallowing motor activity were blocked by the administration of JMV2959 (6 µM), a growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonist. In preparations in which the hypothalamus was removed, ghrelin had no effect on swallowing motor activity. Furthermore, ghrelin-induced changes were counteracted by the administration of BIBO3304 (1 µM) or L-152,804 (1 µM), antagonists of neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y5 receptors, respectively, which are essential for ghrelin-induced enhancement of food intake. Ghrelin also increased the peak burst amplitude and burst duration of the swallowing motor activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve, although the effects of ghrelin on the number of swallowing bursts and burst intervals varied with stimulus intensity. These results suggest that ghrelin enhances the magnitude and frequency of bursts of swallowing motor activity by acting via the hypothalamic neural network, and that neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y5 receptors are involved in this enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Ishiguro
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
| | - Kiyomi Nakayama
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Ayako Mochizuki
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Masanori Dantsuji
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Ihara
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Bülbül M, Sinen O, Bayramoğlu O. Central neuropeptide-S administration alleviates stress-induced impairment of gastric motor functions through orexin-A. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 31:65-72. [PMID: 32009616 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The novel brain peptide neuropeptide-S (NPS) is produced exclusively by a small group of cells adjacent to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. The NPSR mRNA has been detected in several brain areas involved in stress response and autonomic outflow, such as amygdala and hypothalamus, suggesting that central NPS may play a regulatory role in stress-induced changes in gastrointestinal (GI) motor functions. In rodents, exogenous central NPS was shown to inhibit stress-stimulated fecal output. Moreover, exogenous NPS was demonstrated to activate hypothalamic neurons that produce orexin-A (OXA), which has been shown to stimulate postprandial gastric motor functions via central vagal pathways. Therefore, we tested whether OXA mediates the NPS-induced alterations in gastric motor functions under stressed conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effect of central exogenous NPS on solid gastric emptying (GE) and gastric postprandial motility in acute restraint stress (ARS)-loaded conscious rats. The OXA receptor antagonist SB-334867 was administered centrally prior to the central NPS injection. The expression of NPSR in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex was analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Central administration of NPS restored the ARS-induced delayed GE and uncoordinated postprandial antro-pyloric contractions. The alleviative effect of NPS on GE was abolished by pretreatment of the OX1R antagonist SB-334867. In addition to hypothalamus, NPSR was detected in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, which suggest a direct stimulatory action of exogenous NPS on gastric motility. CONCLUSION NPS may be a novel candidate for the treatment of stress-related gastric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Onur Bayramoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Kobashi M, Shimatani Y, Fujita M, Mitoh Y, Yoshida R, Matsuo R. The Effects of Mutual Interaction of Orexin-A and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Reflex Swallowing Induced by SLN Afferents in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124422. [PMID: 32580304 PMCID: PMC7352520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our previous studies revealed that orexin-A, an appetite-increasing peptide, suppressed reflex swallowing via the commissural part of the nucleus tractus solitarius (cNTS), and that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an appetite-reducing peptide, also suppressed reflex swallowing via the medial nucleus of the NTS (mNTS). In this study, we examined the mutual interaction between orexin-A and GLP-1 in reflex swallowing. (2) Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats under urethane–chloralose anesthesia were used. Swallowing was induced by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and was identified by the electromyographic (EMG) signals obtained from the mylohyoid muscle. (3) Results: The injection of GLP-1 (20 pmol) into the mNTS reduced the swallowing frequency and extended the latency of the first swallow. These suppressive effects of GLP-1 were not observed after the fourth ventricular administration of orexin-A. After the injection of an orexin-1 receptor antagonist (SB334867) into the cNTS, an ineffective dose of GLP-1 (6 pmol) into the mNTS suppressed reflex swallowing. Similarly, the suppressive effects of orexin-A (1 nmol) were not observed after the injection of GLP-1 (6 pmol) into the mNTS. After the administration of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist (exendin-4(5-39)), an ineffective dose of orexin-A (0.3 nmol) suppressed reflex swallowing. (4) Conclusions: The presence of reciprocal inhibitory connections between GLP-1 receptive neurons and orexin-A receptive neurons in the NTS was strongly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kobashi
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.M.); (R.Y.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6641
| | - Yuichi Shimatani
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan;
| | - Masako Fujita
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.M.); (R.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Yoshihiro Mitoh
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.M.); (R.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryusuke Yoshida
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.M.); (R.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryuji Matsuo
- Department of Oral Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.M.); (R.Y.); (R.M.)
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Yan X, Zeng M, Chen H, Qiu D, Wang J. Orexin-A Excites Airway Vagal Preganglionic Neurons via Activation of Orexin Receptor Type 1 and Type 2 in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:478. [PMID: 31708749 PMCID: PMC6819310 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway vagal nerves play a predominant role in the neural control of the airway, and augmented airway vagal activity is known to play important roles in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Several lines of evidence indicate that dysfunctional central orexinergic system is closely related to the severity of airway diseases, however, whether orexins affect airway vagal activity is unknown. This study investigates whether and how orexin-A regulates the activity of medullary airway vagal preganglionic neurons (AVPNs). The expression of orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R) was examined using immunofluorescent staining. The effects of orexin-A on functionally identified inspiratory-activated AVPNs (IA-AVPNs), which are critical in the control of airway smooth muscle, were examined using patch-clamp in medullary slices of neonatal rats. Airway vagal response to injection of orexin-A into the magna cisterna was examined using plethysmography in juvenile rats. The results show that retrogradely labeled AVPNs were immunoreactive to anti-OX1R antibody and anti-OX2R antibody. Orexin-A dose-dependently depolarized IA-AVPNs and increased their firing rate. In synaptically isolated IA-AVPNs, the depolarization induced by orexin-A was blocked partially by OX1R antagonist SB-334867 or OX2R antagonist TCS OX2 29 alone, and completely by co-application of both antagonists. The orexin-A-induced depolarization was also mostly blocked by Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor KB-R7943. Orexin-A facilitated the glutamatergic, glycinergic and GABAergic inputs to IA-AVPNs, and the facilitation of each type of input was blocked partially by SB-334867 or TCS OX2 29 alone, and completely by co-application of both antagonists. Injection of orexin-A into the magna cisterna of juvenile rats significantly increased the inspiratory and expiratory resistance of the airway and consequently decreased the dynamic compliance of the lungs, all of which were prevented by atropine sulfate or bilateral vagotomy. These results demonstrate that orexin-A excites IA-AVPNs via activation of both OX1R and OX2R, and suggest that increased central synthesis/release of orexins might participate in the pathogenesis of airway diseases via over-activation of AVPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianxia Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongying Qiu
- Department of Gerontology, Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Guillebaud F, Roussel G, Félix B, Troadec JD, Dallaporta M, Abysique A. Interaction between nesfatin-1 and oxytocin in the modulation of the swallowing reflex. Brain Res 2019; 1711:173-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Central glucagon like peptide-1 inhibits reflex swallowing elicited by the superior laryngeal nerve via caudal brainstem in the rat. Brain Res 2017; 1671:26-32. [PMID: 28693820 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on reflex swallowing were examined using anaesthetized rats. GLP-1 was injected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) using glass micropipettes. Swallowing was induced by repeated electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and was identified by the electromyogram lead penetrated in the mylohyoide muscle through bipolar electrodes. Microinjection of GLP-1 into the medial DVC (M-DVC) increased the frequency of swallowing during the electrical stimulation of the SLN and extended the latency of the first swallowing. Microinjection of GLP-1 into the lateral DVC (L-DVC) did not change the frequency of swallowing or the latency of the first swallowing. Neither the injection of vehicle into the M-DVC nor L-DVC affected swallowing frequency. Pre-injection of exendin (5-39), a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, attenuated the degree of suppression of swallowing frequency induced by the administration of GLP-1 in addition to shortening the latency of the first swallowing. To identify the effective site of GLP-1, lesion experiments were performed. Electrical lesion of the commissural part of the NTS (cNTS) and the vacuum removal of the area postrema (AP) did not affect the inhibition of reflex swallowing induced by the injection of GLP-1 into the M-DVC. Electrical lesion of the medial nucleus of the NTS (mNTS) and its vicinity abolished the inhibitory effects of swallowing induced by the injection of GLP-1. These results suggest that GLP-1 inhibits reflex swallowing via the mNTS in the dorsal medulla.
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Harada S, Nozaki Y, Matsuura W, Yamazaki Y, Tokuyama S. RETRACTED: Cerebral ischemia-induced elevation of hepatic inflammatory factors accompanied by glucose intolerance suppresses hypothalamic orexin-A-mediated vagus nerve activation. Brain Res 2017; 1661:100-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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The Food Contaminant Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol Inhibits the Swallowing Reflex in Anaesthetized Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133355. [PMID: 26192767 PMCID: PMC4507856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most abundant mycotoxins found on cereals, is known to be implicated in acute and chronic illnesses in both humans and animals. Among the symptoms, anorexia, reduction of weight gain and decreased nutrition efficiency were described, but the mechanisms underlying these effects on feeding behavior are not yet totally understood. Swallowing is a major motor component of ingestive behavior which allows the propulsion of the alimentary bolus from the mouth to the esophagus. To better understand DON effects on ingestive behaviour, we have studied its effects on rhythmic swallowing in the rat, after intravenous and central administration. Repetitive electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve or of the tractus solitarius, induces rhythmic swallowing that can be recorded using electromyographic electrodes inserted in sublingual muscles. Here we provide the first demonstration that, after intravenous and central administration, DON strongly inhibits the swallowing reflex with a short latency and in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, using c-Fos staining, a strong neuronal activation was observed in the solitary tract nucleus which contains the central pattern generator of swallowing and in the area postrema after DON intravenous injection. Our data show that DON modifies swallowing and interferes with central neuronal networks dedicated to food intake regulation.
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