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Yu K, He Y, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Tian E. Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Combined with RNA Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Basis of Seed Germination in Oilseed Rape. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121780. [PMID: 34944424 PMCID: PMC8698463 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and uniform seed germination improves mechanized oilseed rape production in modern agricultural cultivation practices. However, the molecular basis of seed germination is still unclear in Brassica napus. A population of recombined inbred lines of B. napus from a cross between the lower germination rate variety ‘APL01’ and the higher germination rate variety ‘Holly’ was used to study the genetics of seed germination using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. A total of five QTLs for germination energy (GE) and six QTLs for germination percentage (GP) were detected across three seed lots, respectively. In addition, six epistatic interactions between the QTLs for GE and nine epistatic interactions between the QTLs for GP were detected. qGE.C3 for GE and qGP.C3 for GP were co-mapped to the 28.5–30.5 cM interval on C3, which was considered to be a novel major QTL regulating seed germination. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differences in sugar, protein, lipid, amino acid, and DNA metabolism and the TCA cycle, electron transfer, and signal transduction potentially determined the higher germination rate of ‘Holly’ seeds. These results contribute to our knowledge about the molecular basis of seed germination in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjiang Yu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Entang Tian
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (K.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (E.T.)
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Kanauchi M, Bamforth CW. Ascorbate Peroxidase in Malted Barley. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2013-0103-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kanauchi
- Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate Taihaku-ku Sendai Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Charles W. Bamforth
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8598
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3
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Shin OH, Kim DY, Seo YW. Effects of different depth of grain colour on antioxidant capacity during water imbibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2750-2758. [PMID: 27753094 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the effect of phytochemical accumulation in wheat grain on grain physiology has been recognised. In this study, we tracked phytochemical concentration in the seed coat of purple wheat during the water-imbibition phase and also hypothesised that the speed of germination was only relevant to its initial phytochemical concentration. RESULTS The results indicate that the speed of germination was significantly reduced in the darker grain groups within the purple wheat. Total phenol content was slightly increased in all groups compared to their initial state, but the levels of other phytochemicals varied among groups. It is revealed that anthocyanin was significantly degraded during the water imbibition stage. Also, the activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in each grain colour group did not correlated with germination speed. Overall antioxidant activity was reduced as imbibition progressed in each group. Generally, darker grain groups showed higher total antioxidant activities than did lighter grain groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the reduced activity of reactive oxygen species, as controlled by internal antioxidant enzymes and phytochemicals, related with germination speed during the water imbibition stage in grains with greater depth of purple colouring. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oon Ha Shin
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Weon Seo
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Tan BC, Lim YS, Lau SE. Proteomics in commercial crops: An overview. J Proteomics 2017; 169:176-188. [PMID: 28546092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics is a rapidly growing area of biological research that is positively affecting plant science. Recent advances in proteomic technology, such as mass spectrometry, can now identify a broad range of proteins and monitor their modulation during plant growth and development, as well as during responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we highlight recent proteomic studies of commercial crops and discuss the advances in understanding of the proteomes of these crops. We anticipate that proteomic-based research will continue to expand and contribute to crop improvement. SIGNIFICANCE Plant proteomics study is a rapidly growing area of biological research that is positively impacting plant science. With the recent advances in new technologies, proteomics not only allows us to comprehensively analyses crop proteins, but also help us to understand the functions of the genes. In this review, we highlighted recent proteomic studies in commercial crops and updated the advances in our understanding of the proteomes of these crops. We believe that proteomic-based research will continue to grow and contribute to the improvement of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yin Sze Lim
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mark C, Zór K, Heiskanen A, Dufva M, Emnéus J, Finnie C. Monitoring intra- and extracellular redox capacity of intact barley aleurone layers responding to phytohormones. Anal Biochem 2016; 515:1-8. [PMID: 27641112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redox regulation is important for numerous processes in plant cells including abiotic stress, pathogen defence, tissue development, seed germination and programmed cell death. However, there are few methods allowing redox homeostasis to be addressed in whole plant cells, providing insight into the intact in vivo environment. An electrochemical redox assay that applies the menadione-ferricyanide double mediator is used to assess changes in the intracellular and extracellular redox environment in living aleurone layers of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Himalaya) grains, which respond to the phytohormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid. Gibberellic acid is shown to elicit a mobilisation of electrons as detected by an increase in the reducing capacity of the aleurone layers. By taking advantage of the membrane-permeable menadione/menadiol redox pair to probe the membrane-impermeable ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox pair, the mobilisation of electrons was dissected into an intracellular and an extracellular, plasma membrane-associated component. The intracellular and extracellular increases in reducing capacity were both suppressed when the aleurone layers were incubated with abscisic acid. By probing redox levels in intact plant tissue, the method provides a complementary approach to assays of reactive oxygen species and redox-related enzyme activities in tissue extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mark
- Agricultural and Environmental Proteomics, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Bioanalytics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Bioanalytics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Fluidic Array Systems and Technology, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Bioanalytics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christine Finnie
- Agricultural and Environmental Proteomics, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark; Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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Sharma S, Sehrawat A, Deswal R. Asada-Halliwell pathway maintains redox status in Dioscorea alata tuber which helps in germination. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:20-29. [PMID: 27457980 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are important regulatory molecules governing physiological processes. In the present study a biochemical and proteome level comparison of two contrasting growth stages of Dioscorea alata tuber namely germinating and mature tuber was performed in order to understand the tuber physiology and biochemistry. Existence of all the component enzymes [APx (ascorbate peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase), DHAR (dehydroascorbate reductase), MDHAR (mono-dehydroascorbate reductase)] and major products [ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH)] of the cycle showed an operational Asada-Halliwell cycle in the tuber. A 2.65 fold increase in ASC content & a 3.8 fold increase in GR activity fortified the redox milieu during germination. In contrast a 5 fold higher H2O2 content (due to 3.08 fold lower APx activity) and accumulation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO, 2.4-fold) and S-nitrosothiol (SNO, 2.08 fold) contributed to overall oxidative conditions in the mature tuber. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, 7.5 fold), DHAR (5.31 fold) and MDHAR (7 fold) activities were higher in the germinating tuber in comparison with the mature tuber. GSNO negatively regulated the CA (3.6 & 3.95 fold), MDHAR (7.5 & 1.5 fold) and APx (2.3 & 1.81 fold) while another NO donor, CysNO negatively regulated the DHAR (2.24 & 1.32 fold) activity in the mature and germinating stages respectively indicating again that the lesser inhibition by NO (via nitrosylation) may be because of overall reducing environment in the germinating tuber. Increased SNO leading to S-nitrosylation of dioscorin was confirmed by Biotin switch assay. This is the first report showing dioscorin nitrosylation. The present analysis showed differential redox regulation and also suggests the physiological relevance of CA, DHAR, MDHAR, APx & GR in tuber germination for the first time. These enzymes may be used as potential markers of tuber germination in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Sehrawat
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, India
| | - Renu Deswal
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, India.
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Daneri-Castro SN, Svensson B, Roberts TH. Barley germination: Spatio-temporal considerations for designing and interpreting ‘omics’ experiments. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang Q, Song Q, Li J, Zou M, Zhang C, Zhang Q. Alteration of the Enantioselective Toxicity of Diclofop Acid by Nonylphenol: Effect on Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Microcystis Aeruginosa. Chirality 2016; 28:475-81. [PMID: 27103507 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective effects of chiral compounds have been the subject of extensive studies in recent years due to their important implications for contaminant behavior and risk as well as the design of drug and pesticide formulations. The potential alterations of enantioselectivity, however, still remain elusive from the available data suggesting the effects of numerous environmental factors and the coexisting achiral and chiral compounds. Herein we studied the effect of nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitous contaminant and ingredient in pesticide formulation, on the enantioselectivity of diclofop acid (DC) through ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in Microcystis aeruginosa. The enantioselectivity of DC in the AsA and GSH antioxidant defense system of M. aeruginosa was affected significantly by the addition of NP. Specifically, although R- DC and S-DC were added with an equal toxic concentration (at their EC50 values), NP addition to the DC treatments altered the enantiomeric ratios of the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR), key enzymes in the regeneration of AsA and GSH, respectively. NP also modified the enantiomeric ratios of AsA and GSH levels in both the AsA and GSH antioxidant defense systems of M. aeruginosa. Overall, the oxidative damage induced by R-DC was further deteriorated, whereas that induced by S-DC was alleviated after NP addition. These altered enantioselectivities indicate a need to reexamine the risks and biological effects of chiral compounds in the complex environmental matrices containing a multitude of other chemicals, including commercial chiral agricultural chemicals. Chirality 28:475-481, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China.,College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zou
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Li Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Fu J, Ren X, Wang G, Wang J. Exogenous auxin regulates multi-metabolic network and embryo development, controlling seed secondary dormancy and germination in Nicotiana tabacum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:41. [PMID: 26860357 PMCID: PMC4748683 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin was recognized as a secondary dormancy phytohormone, controlling seed dormancy and germination. However, the exogenous auxin-controlled seed dormancy and germination remain unclear in physiological process and gene network. RESULTS Tobacco seeds soaked in 1000 mg/l auxin solution showed markedly decreased germination compared with that in low concentration of auxin solutions and ddH2O. Using an electron microscope, observations were made on the seeds which did not unfold properly in comparison to those submerged in ddH2O. The radicle traits measured by WinRHIZO, were found to be also weaker than the other treatment groups. Quantified by ELISA, there was no significant difference found in β-1,3glucanase activity and abscisic acid (ABA) content between the seeds imbibed in gradient concentration of auxin solution and those soaked in ddH2O. However, gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin contents were significantly higher at the time of exogenous auxin imbibition and were gradually reduced at germination. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), revealed that the transcriptome of auxin-responsive dormancy seeds were more similar to that of the imbibed seeds when compared with primary dormancy seeds by principal component analysis. The results of gene differential expression analysis revealed that auxin-controlled seed secondary dormancy was associated with flavonol biosynthetic process, gibberellin metabolic process, adenylyl-sulfate reductase activity, thioredoxin activity, glutamate synthase (NADH) activity and chromatin regulation. In addition, auxin-responsive germination responded to ABA, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) mediated signaling pathway (red, far red and blue light), glutathione and methionine (Met) metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In this study, exogenous auxin-mediated seed secondary dormancy is an environmental model that prevents seed germination in an unfavorable condition. Seeds of which could not imbibe normally, and radicles of which also could not develop normally and emerge. To complete the germination, seeds of which would stimulate more GA synthesis to antagonize the stimulation of exogenous auxin. Exogenous auxin regulates multi-metabolic networks controlling seed secondary dormancy and germination, of which the most important thing was that we found the auxin-responsive seed secondary dormancy refers to epigenetic regulation and germination to enhance Met pathway. Therefore, this study uncovers a previously unrecognized transcriptional regulatory networks and physiological development process of seed dormancy and germination with superfluous auxin signal activate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100094, China.
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Yiling Liu
- Institute of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xueliang Ren
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, GuiYang, 550081, China.
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100094, China.
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Fu YB, Ahmed Z, Diederichsen A. Towards a better monitoring of seed ageing under ex situ seed conservation. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 3:cov026. [PMID: 27293711 PMCID: PMC4778438 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Long-term conservation of 7.4 million ex situ seed accessions held in agricultural genebanks and botanic gardens worldwide is a challenging mission for human food security and ecosystem services. Recent advances in seed biology and genomics may have opened new opportunities for effective management of seed germplasm under long-term storage. Here, we review the current development of tools for assessing seed ageing and research advances in seed biology and genomics, with a focus on exploring their potential as better tools for monitoring of seed ageing. Seed ageing is found to be associated with the changes reflected in reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-triggered programmed cell deaths, expression of antioxidative genes and DNA and protein repair genes, chromosome telomere lengths, epigenetic regulation of related genes (microRNA and methylation) and altered organelle and nuclear genomes. Among these changes, the signals from mitochondrial and nuclear genomes may show the most promise for use in the development of tools to predict seed ageing. Non-destructive and non-invasive analyses of stored seeds through calorimetry or imaging techniques are also promising. It is clear that research into developing advanced tools for monitoring seed ageing to supplement traditional germination tests will be fruitful for effective conservation of ex situ seed germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bi Fu
- Plant Genetic Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X2
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Plant Genetic Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X2
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Plant Genetic Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X2
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11
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Gallie DR. L-ascorbic Acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:795964. [PMID: 24278786 PMCID: PMC3820358 DOI: 10.1155/2013/795964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is as essential to plants as it is to animals. Ascorbic acid functions as a major redox buffer and as a cofactor for enzymes involved in regulating photosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis, and regenerating other antioxidants. Ascorbic acid regulates cell division and growth and is involved in signal transduction. In contrast to the single pathway responsible for ascorbic acid biosynthesis in animals, plants use multiple pathways to synthesize ascorbic acid, perhaps reflecting the importance of this molecule to plant health. Given the importance of ascorbic acid to human nutrition, several technologies have been developed to increase the ascorbic acid content of plants through the manipulation of biosynthetic or recycling pathways. This paper provides an overview of these approaches as well as the consequences that changes in ascorbic acid content have on plant growth and function. Discussed is the capacity of plants to tolerate changes in ascorbic acid content. The many functions that ascorbic acid serves in plants, however, will require highly targeted approaches to improve their nutritional quality without compromising their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Gallie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0129, USA
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12
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Dymek K, Dejmek P, Panarese V, Vicente AA, Wadsö L, Finnie C, Galindo FG. Effect of pulsed electric field on the germination of barley seeds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Rajjou L, Duval M, Gallardo K, Catusse J, Bally J, Job C, Job D. Seed germination and vigor. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:507-33. [PMID: 22136565 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Germination vigor is driven by the ability of the plant embryo, embedded within the seed, to resume its metabolic activity in a coordinated and sequential manner. Studies using "-omics" approaches support the finding that a main contributor of seed germination success is the quality of the messenger RNAs stored during embryo maturation on the mother plant. In addition, proteostasis and DNA integrity play a major role in the germination phenotype. Because of its pivotal role in cell metabolism and its close relationships with hormone signaling pathways regulating seed germination, the sulfur amino acid metabolism pathway represents a key biochemical determinant of the commitment of the seed to initiate its development toward germination. This review highlights that germination vigor depends on multiple biochemical and molecular variables. Their characterization is expected to deliver new markers of seed quality that can be used in breeding programs and/or in biotechnological approaches to improve crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Rajjou
- CNRS-Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory, UMR 5240, Bayer CropScience, Lyon Cedex 9, France.
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Finnie C, Sultan A, Grasser KD. From protein catalogues towards targeted proteomics approaches in cereal grains. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1145-1153. [PMID: 21134685 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their importance for human nutrition, the protein content of cereal grains has been a subject of intense study for over a century and cereal grains were not surprisingly one of the earliest subjects for 2D-gel-based proteome analysis. Over the last two decades, countless cereal grain proteomes, mostly derived using 2D-gel based technologies, have been described and hundreds of proteins identified. However, very little is still known about post-translational modifications, subcellular proteomes, and protein-protein interactions in cereal grains. Development of techniques for improved extraction, separation and identification of proteins and peptides is facilitating functional proteomics and analysis of sub-proteomes from small amounts of starting material, such as seed tissues. The combination of proteomics with structural and functional analysis is increasingly applied to target subsets of proteins. These "next-generation" proteomics studies will vastly increase our depth of knowledge about the processes controlling cereal grain development, nutritional and processing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Finnie
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Bldg 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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15
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Seed proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 74:389-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Finnie C, Andersen B, Shahpiri A, Svensson B. Proteomes of the barley aleurone layer: A model system for plant signalling and protein secretion. Proteomics 2011; 11:1595-605. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Navrot N, Finnie C, Svensson B, Hägglund P. Plant redox proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1450-62. [PMID: 21406256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In common with other aerobic organisms, plants are exposed to reactive oxygen species resulting in formation of post-translational modifications related to protein oxidoreduction (redox PTMs) that may inflict oxidative protein damage. Accumulating evidence also underscores the importance of redox PTMs in regulating enzymatic activities and controlling biological processes in plants. Notably, proteins controlling the cellular redox state, e.g. thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, appear to play dual roles to maintain oxidative stress resistance and regulate signal transduction pathways via redox PTMs. To get a comprehensive overview of these types of redox-regulated pathways there is therefore an emerging interest to monitor changes in redox PTMs on a proteome scale. Compared to some other PTMs, e.g. protein phosphorylation, redox PTMs have received less attention in plant proteome analysis, possibly due to technical challenges such as with maintaining the in vivo redox states of proteins and the lability of certain PTMs, e.g. nitrosylations, during sample preparation and mass spectrometric analysis. The present review article provides an overview of the recent developments in the emerging area of plant redox proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Navrot
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, DK-2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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