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Muto N, Matsumoto T. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of RsGL1a and RsGL1b in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951660. [PMID: 36311091 PMCID: PMC9606758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a powerful tool widely used for genome editing in various organisms, including plants. It introduces and facilitates the study of rare genetic mutations in a short time and is a potent tool to assist in plant molecular breeding. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important Brassicaceae vegetable cultivated and consumed worldwide. However, the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is limited by the absence of an efficient transformation system in radish. This study aimed to establish a CRISPR/Cas9 system in radish employing the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system reported recently. For this purpose, we performed genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting the GLABRA1 (GL1) orthologs, RsGL1a and RsGL1b, that induces leaf trichome formation in radish. A Cas9/single guide RNA (sgRNA) vector with a common sgRNA corresponding to RsGL1a and RsGL1b was transferred. A total of eight T0 plants were analyzed, of which six (editing efficiency 75%) had a mutated RsGL1a, five (62.5%) had a mutated RsGL1b, and five showed mutations in both RsGL1a and RsGL1b. Most mutations in T0 plants were short (<3 bp) deletions or insertions, causing frameshift mutations that might produce non-functional proteins. Chimeric mutations were detected in several T0 generation plants. In the T1 generation, the hairless phenotype was observed only in plants with knockout mutations in both RsGL1a and RsGL1b. The majority of mutant alleles in T0 plants, with the exception of the chimeric mutant plants detected, were stably inherited in the T1 generation. In conclusion, we successfully knocked out RsGL1a and RsGL1b using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that both RsGL1a and RsGL1b independently contribute to the induction of leaf trichome formation in radish. In this study, genome-edited plants without T-DNA, which are useful as breeding material, were obtained. The findings prove the feasibility of genome editing in radish using a CRISPR/Cas9 system that could accelerate its molecular breeding to improve agronomically desirable traits.
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Tan X, Tan X, Li E, Bai Y, Nguyen TTL, Gilbert RG. Starch molecular fine structure is associated with protein composition in chickpea seed. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118489. [PMID: 34420745 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed is a nutritional food high in starch and protein. This study aims to find the relationships between the molecular fine structure of starch and the composition of storage proteins and metabolic enzymes, using different chickpea varieties. It is found that storage proteins and starch biosynthetic enzymes influence each other. The initial formation of amylopectin molecules is affected by storage proteins, as suggested by the positive correlation (p < 0.01) between the average molecular size of amylopectin and total protein content. In addition, a higher amount of seed globulin could be an indication of higher amylose content and more short - medium amylose chains (degree of polymerization, DP, 118-2000). This study might assist selection of chickpea varieties with desirable qualities, such as low starch digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinle Tan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Enpeng Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yeming Bai
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Thoa T L Nguyen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Gao W, Guo C, Hu J, Dong J, Zhou LH. Mature trichome is the earliest sequestration site of Cd ions in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07501. [PMID: 34307941 PMCID: PMC8287149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestration of heavy metals by plants in non-glandular leaf trichomes is important for survival in toxic soils and has the potential for environmental remediation. Although heavy metals are particularly toxic to many plants during development, the integration of sequestration into the developmental timecourse is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that plants preferentially sequester heavy metals into mature trichomes by investigating the timecourse of Cd2+ ions into the leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Results supported the hypothesis and surprisingly showed no Cd2+ ions accumulated in earlier trichome development stages and that sequestration and release by mature trichomes were periodic and dynamic. Studies in mutants suggested that these dynamics were governed by the trichome's secondary cell wall, which matures late in development. Results suggest a developmentally timed pathway for excluding heavy metal toxins and the existence of mechanisms for controlled release that may relate to proposed functions of mature trichomes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Li Hong Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
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Decipher the Molecular Response of Plant Single Cell Types to Environmental Stresses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4182071. [PMID: 27088086 PMCID: PMC4818802 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4182071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. Specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress. Therefore, to generate a more accurate picture of these responses, scientists are focusing on plant single cell type approaches. Several cell types are now considered as models such as the pollen, the trichomes, the cotton fiber, various root cell types including the root hair cell, and the guard cell of stomata. Among them, several have been used to characterize plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we are describing the various -omic studies performed on these different plant single cell type models to better understand plant cell response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Truong DH, Bauwens J, Delaplace P, Mazzucchelli G, Lognay G, Francis F. Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh responses to a generalist sucking pest (Myzus persicae Sulzer). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:1210-7. [PMID: 26153342 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects can cause severe cellular changes to plant foliage following infestations, depending on feeding behaviour. Here, a proteomic study was conducted to investigate the influence of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) as a polyphagous pest on the defence response of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh after aphid colony establishment on the host plant (3 days). Analysis of about 574 protein spots on 2-DE gels revealed 31 differentially expressed protein spots. Twenty out of these 31 differential proteins were selected for analysis by mass spectrometry. In 12 of the 20 analysed spots, we identified seven and nine proteins using MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS, respectively. Of the analysed spots, 25% contain two proteins. Different metabolic pathways were modulated in Arabidopsis leaves according to aphid feeding: most corresponded to carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, defence response and translation. This paper has established a survey of early alterations induced in the proteome of Arabidopsis by M. persicae aphids. It provides valuable insights into the complex responses of plants to biological stress, particularly for herbivorous insects with sucking feeding behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-H Truong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - J Bauwens
- Functional & Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - P Delaplace
- Plant Biology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - G Mazzucchelli
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Lognay
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - F Francis
- Functional & Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
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Knowledge-driven approaches for engineering complex metabolic pathways in plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 32:54-60. [PMID: 25448233 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolic pathways are complex and often feature multiple levels of regulation. Until recently, metabolic engineering in plants relied on the laborious testing of ad hoc modifications to achieve desirable changes in the metabolic profile. However, technological advances in data mining, modeling, multigene engineering and genome editing are now taking away much of the guesswork by allowing the impact of modifications to be predicted more accurately. In this review we discuss recent developments in knowledge-based metabolic engineering strategies, that is the gathering and mining of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data to generate models of metabolic pathways that help to define and refine optimal intervention strategies.
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Farré G, Blancquaert D, Capell T, Van Der Straeten D, Christou P, Zhu C. Engineering complex metabolic pathways in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 65:187-223. [PMID: 24579989 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering can be used to modulate endogenous metabolic pathways in plants or introduce new metabolic capabilities in order to increase the production of a desirable compound or reduce the accumulation of an undesirable one. In practice, there are several major challenges that need to be overcome, such as gaining enough knowledge about the endogenous pathways to understand the best intervention points, identifying and sourcing the most suitable metabolic genes, expressing those genes in such a way as to produce a functional enzyme in a heterologous background, and, finally, achieving the accumulation of target compounds without harming the host plant. This article discusses the strategies that have been developed to engineer complex metabolic pathways in plants, focusing on recent technological developments that allow the most significant bottlenecks to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Farré
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
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Wang D, Mills ES, Deal RB. Technologies for systems-level analysis of specific cell types in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 197:21-29. [PMID: 23116668 PMCID: PMC4037754 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of biological processes at cell type resolution requires the isolation of the specific cell types from an organism, but this presents a great technical challenge. In recent years a number of methods have been developed that allow deep analyses of the epigenome, transcriptome, and ribosome-associated mRNA populations in individual cell types. The application of these methods has lead to a clearer understanding of important issues in plant biology, including cell fate specification and cell type-specific responses to the environment. In this review, we discuss current mechanical- and affinity-based technologies available for isolation and analysis of individual cell types in a plant. The integration of these methods is proposed as a means of achieving a holistic view of cellular processes at all levels, from chromatin dynamics to metabolomics. Finally, we explore the limitations of current methods and the needs for future technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - E. Shannon Mills
- Graduate program in Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Liberman LM, Sozzani R, Benfey PN. Integrative systems biology: an attempt to describe a simple weed. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:162-7. [PMID: 22277598 PMCID: PMC3435099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genome-scale studies hold great promise for revealing novel plant biology. Because of the complexity of these techniques, numerous considerations need to be made before embarking on a study. Here we focus on the Arabidopsis model system because of the wealth of available genome-scale data. Many approaches are available that provide genome-scale information regarding the state of a given organism (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics interactomics, ionomics, phenomics, etc.). Integration of all of these types of data will be necessary for a comprehensive description of Arabidopsis. In this review we propose that 'triangulation' among transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics is a meaningful approach for beginning this integrative analysis and uncovering a systems level perspective of Arabidopsis biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M Liberman
- Department of Biology and Duke Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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