1
|
Afzal MF, Khalid W, Armghan Khalid M, Zubair M, Akram S, Kauser S, Noreen S, Jamal A, Kamran Khan M, Al-Farga A. Recent industrials extraction of plants seeds oil used in the development of functional food products: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2144882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Safura Kauser
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Noreen
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Athar Jamal
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parchuri P, Pappanoor A, Naeem A, Durrett TP, Welti R, R V S. Lipidome analysis and characterization of Buglossoides arvensis acyltransferases that incorporate polyunsaturated fatty acids into triacylglycerols. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111445. [PMID: 36037983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Buglossoides arvensis is a burgeoning oilseed crop that contains an unique combination of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), constituting ~80-85% of seed triacylglycerols (TAGs). To uncover the critical TAG biosynthetic pathways contributing for high PUFA accumulation, we performed lipidome of developing seeds and characterized acyltransferases involved in the final step of TAG biosynthesis. During seed development, distribution of lipid molecular species in individual lipid classes showed distinct patterns from an early-stage (6 days after flowering (DAF)) to the middle-stage (12 and 18 DAF) of oil biosynthesis. PUFA-containing TAG species drastically increased from 6 to 12 DAF. The expression profiles of key triacylglycerol biosynthesis genes and patterns of phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol molecular species during seed development were used to predict the contribution of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 and DGAT2) and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDAT1 and PDAT2) to PUFA-rich TAG biosynthesis. Our analysis suggests that DGATs play a crucial role in enriching TAGs with PUFA compared to PDATs. This was further confirmed by fatty acid feeding studies in yeast expressing acyltransferases. BaDGAT2 preferentially incorporated high amounts of PUFAs into TAG, compared to BaDGAT1. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of TAG accumulation in this plant and identify target genes for transgenic production of SDA in traditional oilseed crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Parchuri
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Anjali Pappanoor
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Abdulrahman Naeem
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Sreedhar R V
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiujun W, Zhenqi S, Yujing T, Kaifeng M, Qingwei L. Comparative transcriptome analysis linked to key volatiles reveals molecular mechanisms of aroma compound biosynthesis in Prunus mume. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:395. [PMID: 35945501 PMCID: PMC9361687 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mei (Prunus mume) is the only woody plant in the genus Prunus with a floral fragrance, but the underlying mechanisms of aroma compound biosynthesis are unclear despite being a matter of considerable interest. RESULTS The volatile contents of the petals of two cultivars with significantly different aromas, Prunus mume 'Xiao Lve' and Prunus mume 'Xiangxue Gongfen', were characterised by GC-MS at different flowering periods, and a total of 44 volatile compounds were detected. Among these, the main substances forming the typical aroma of P. mume were identified as eugenol, cinnamyl acetate, hexyl acetate and benzyl acetate, with variations in their relative concentrations leading to sensory differences in the aroma of the two cultivars. We compiled a transcriptome database at key stages of floral fragrance formation in the two cultivars and used it in combination with differential analysis of floral volatiles to construct a regulatory network for the biosynthesis of key aroma compounds. The results indicated that PmPAL enzymes and PmMYB4 transcription factors play important roles in regulating the accumulation of key biosynthetic precursors to these compounds. Cytochrome P450s and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases might also influence the biosynthesis of benzyl acetate by regulating production of key precursors such as benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Furthermore, by analogy to genes with verified functions in Arabidopsis, we predicted that three PmCAD genes, two 4CL genes, three CCR genes and two IGS genes all make important contributions to the synthesis of cinnamyl acetate and eugenol in P. mume. This analysis also suggested that the downstream genes PmBGLU18-like, PmUGT71A16 and PmUGT73C6 participate in regulation of the matrix-bound and volatile states of P. mume aroma compounds. CONCLUSIONS These findings present potential new anchor points for further exploration of floral aroma compound biosynthesis pathways in P. mume, and provide new insights into aroma induction and regulation mechanisms in woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiujun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zhenqi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ti Yujing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ma Kaifeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Qingwei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Daga P, Dalmia A, Vaishnav SR, Tumaney AW. Lipidome analysis and metabolite profiling of fixed oils from selected spices. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Gopalam R, Manasa V, Vaishnav SR, Daga P, Tumaney AW. Profiling of Lipids, Nutraceuticals, and Bioactive Compounds Extracted from an Oilseed Rich in PUFA. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:98-104. [PMID: 35088213 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich vegetable oils are nutritionally and economically important agriculture based commodities. The lipid profile, nutraceutical content, and antioxidant activity of Indian chia seed oil (CSO) were analysed and compared with PUFA rich vegetable oils. The total oil content was 28% (w/w) with α-linolenic acid (ALA; 65%) as the predominant fatty acid and a n-3/n-6 ratio of 3.5. The tocopherol content was 144 mg/kg of oil, with γ + β being the most abundant. The squalene content was 178.47 mg/100 g of oil, and the total phenolic content was 0.014 mg GAE/g of oil. The identity of major polyphenols in the methanolic extract of CSO were established by LC-HRMS. FTIR spectra of CSO exhibited characteristic features that were identical to other PUFA rich oils. Results demonstrate that the Indian CSO is an excellent source of essential fatty acids and key nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gopalam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Department of Lipid Science, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Vallamkondu Manasa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Department of Lipid Science, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Salony R Vaishnav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Department of Lipid Science, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Palak Daga
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Department of Lipid Science, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Ajay W Tumaney
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
- Department of Lipid Science, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Emerging Plant and Microbial Sources, Oxidative Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101627. [PMID: 34679761 PMCID: PMC8533147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega−3 (n−3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid are well known to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, consumer interest and demand are rapidly increasing for natural dietary sources of n−3 PUFAs. Among the plant sources, seed oils from chia (Salvia hispanica), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) are now widely considered to increase α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the diet. Moreover, seed oil of Echium plantagineum, Buglossoides arvensis, and Ribes sp. are widely explored as a source of stearidonic acid (SDA), a more effective source than is ALA for increasing the EPA and DHA status in the body. Further, the oil from microalgae and thraustochytrids can also directly supply EPA and DHA. Thus, these microbial sources are currently used for the commercial production of vegan EPA and DHA. Considering the nutritional and commercial importance of n−3 PUFAs, this review critically discusses the nutritional aspects of commercially exploited sources of n−3 PUFAs from plants, microalgae, macroalgae, and thraustochytrids. Moreover, we discuss issues related to oxidative stability and bioavailability of n−3 PUFAs and future prospects in these areas.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gopalam R, Datey A, Bijoor S, Chakravortty D, Tumaney AW. Biochemical Characterization of Acyl-CoA: Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase (LPCAT) Enzyme from the Seeds of Salvia hispanica. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:963-972. [PMID: 34129179 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salvia hispanica (chia) is the highest reported terrestrial plant source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, ~ 65%), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with numerous health benefits. The molecular basis of high ALA accumulation in chia is yet to be understood. We have identified lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) gene from the developing seed transcriptome data of chia and carried out its biochemical characterization through heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression profiling showed that the enzyme was active throughout the seed development, indicating a pivotal role in oil biosynthesis. The enzyme could utilize both saturated and unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine substrates at the same rate, to synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC). The enzyme also exhibited lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) activity, by preferring lysophosphatidic acid substrate. Substrate specificity studies showed that the enzyme preferred both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acyl CoAs over saturated CoAs. This activity may play a key role in enriching the PC fraction with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs present on PC can be transferred to oil through the action of other acyltransferases. Our results describe a new LPCAT enzyme that can be used to biotechnologically alter oilseed crops to incorporate more PUFA in its seed oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gopalam
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Akshay Datey
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Sharath Bijoor
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Ajay W Tumaney
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|