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Vieira ALS, Correia VTDV, Ramos ALCC, da Silva NHA, Jaymes LAC, Melo JOF, de Paula ACCFF, Garcia MAVT, de Araújo RLB. Evaluation of the Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Green, Brown, and Dark Propolis. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3204. [PMID: 37765368 PMCID: PMC10537587 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of propolis varies between different types, due to the specific vegetation found near the hives and the climatic and soil conditions worldwide. Green propolis is exclusive to Brazil, produced by bees, with the resin of the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brown propolis is a specific variety produced mainly in Northeast Brazil from the plant Hyptis divaricata, also known as "maria miraculosa". Dark propolis is a variety of propolis produced by bees from the resin of the plant known as Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis benth). In this study, the aqueous extracts of green, brown, and dark propolis were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH, and their chemical profiles were determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. Among the three extracts, green propolis had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (2741.71 ± 49.53 mg GAE. 100 g-1), followed by brown propolis (1191.55 ± 36.79 mg GAE. 100 g-1), and dark propolis had the lowest content (901.79 ± 27.80 mg GAE. 100 g-1). The three types of propolis showed high antioxidant capacity, with green showing the highest antioxidant capacity for the three methods used. Using paper spray mass spectrometry, it was possible to suggest the presence of 116 substances, including flavonoids (56), phenylpropanoids (30), terpenes (25), carboxylic acids (1), benzoic acid derivatives (1), fatty acids (1), amino acids (1) and alkaloids (1). The compounds in the green, brown, and dark propolis extracts reinforce the bioactive potential for application in these tree extracts' food and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Santos Vieira
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Vinícius Tadeu da Veiga Correia
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Nayana Hayss Araújo da Silva
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Leonardo Assis Campos Jaymes
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Julio Onésio Ferreira Melo
- Department of Exact and Biological Sciences, Campus Sete Lagoas, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Sete Lagoas 36307-352, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Vieira Teixeira Garcia
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
| | - Raquel Linhares Bello de Araújo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Belo Horizonte, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.V.); (V.T.d.V.C.); (A.L.C.C.R.); (N.H.A.d.S.); (L.A.C.J.); (M.A.V.T.G.); (R.L.B.d.A.)
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Smutin D, Lebedev E, Selitskiy M, Panyushev N, Adonin L. Micro"bee"ota: Honey Bee Normal Microbiota as a Part of Superorganism. Microorganisms 2022; 10. [PMID: 36557612 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are model organisms for microbiota research. Gut microbiomes are very interesting for surveys due to their simple structure and relationship with hive production. Long-term studies reveal the gut microbiota patterns of various hive members, as well as the functions, sources, and interactions of the majority of its bacteria. But the fungal non-pathogenic part of gut microbiota is almost unexplored, likewise some other related microbiota. Honey bees, as superorganisms, interact with their own microorganisms, the microbial communities of food stores, hive surfaces, and other environments. Understanding microbiota diversity, its transition ways, and hive niche colonization control are necessary for understanding any separate microbiota niche because of their interplay. The long coevolution of bees with the microorganisms populating these niches makes these systems co-dependent, integrated, and stable. Interaction with the environment, hive, and other bees determines caste lifestyle as well as individual microbiota. In this article, we bring together studies on the microbiota of the western honey bee. We show a possible relationship between caste determination and microbiota composition. And what is primary: caste differentiation or microbiota composition?
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Xin T, Li R, Lou Q, Lin Y, Liao H, Sun W, Guan M, Zhou J, Song J. Application of DNA barcoding to the entire traditional Chinese medicine industrial chain: A case study of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Phytomedicine 2022; 105:154375. [PMID: 35952576 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety concerns, caused by complex and unpredictable adulterants, run through the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, the conventional circulation traceability system only focuses on a certain end or link at the back end of the TCM industrial chain, ignoring the integrity of the links cross the entire industrial chain and lacking traceability. In consequence, a strict and rational supervision system is urgently required for the entire industrial chain. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We hypothesize that DNA barcoding would be a suitable measure for the traceability of adulterants in the entire TCM industrial chain. METHODS In this study, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was selected as a model to establish a traceability system for the entire TCM industrial chain. A total of 110 samples, including leaves, seeds, roots, decoction pieces, and traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs), were collected upstream, midstream, and downstream of the entire industrial chain of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The ndhF-rpl32 fragment rather than the universal DNA barcodes, which could not distinguish the three original species of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, was selected as a specific DNA barcode to evaluate the practical application of DNA barcoding in the chain. RESULTS The results showed that the ndhF-rpl32 fragment in all samples could be amplified and bi-directionally sequenced. Based on the standard operating procedures of DNA barcoding, the ndhF-rpl32 fragment clearly distinguished the seven Rheum species collected upstream of the entire industrial chain. For the samples collected midstream and downstream of the entire industrial chain, 25% of the 36 commercial decoction pieces samples were identified as adulterants, whereas the eight TCPM samples were all derived from genuine Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that DNA barcoding is a powerful and suitable technology that can be applied to trace TCMs in the entire industrial chain, thereby assuring clinical medication safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ranjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qian Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Meng Guan
- Sinopharm Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong 666100, China.
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