1
|
Mandys V, Popov A, Gürlich R, Havránek J, Pfeiferová L, Kolář M, Vránová J, Smetana K, Lacina L, Szabo P. Expression of Selected miRNAs in Normal and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and in BxPc3 and MIA PaCa-2 Cell Lines of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043617. [PMID: 36835029 PMCID: PMC9961675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains challenging, and the chances of a complete cure are very limited. As in other types of cancer, the expression and role of miRNAs in controlling the biological properties of this type of tumor have been extensively studied. A better insight into miRNA biology seems critical to refining diagnostics and improving their therapeutic potential. In this study, we focused on the expression of miR-21, -96, -196a, -210, and -217 in normal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts prepared from a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. We compared these data with miRNAs in homogenates of paraffin-embedded sections from normal pancreatic tissues. In cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell lines, miRNAs differed significantly from the normal tissue. In detail, miR-21 and -210 were significantly upregulated, while miR-217 was downregulated. Similar transcription profiles were earlier reported in cancer-associated fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia. However, the cells in our study were cultured under normoxic conditions. We also noted a relation to IL-6 production. In conclusion, cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts and carcinoma cells reflect miR-21 and -210 expression similarly to the cancer tissue samples harvested from the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Mandys
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gürlich
- Department of Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havránek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pfeiferová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vránová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Szabo
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murrieta-Coxca JM, Barth E, Fuentes-Zacarias P, Gutiérrez-Samudio RN, Groten T, Gellhaus A, Köninger A, Marz M, Markert UR, Morales-Prieto DM. Identification of altered miRNAs and their targets in placenta accreta. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1021640. [PMID: 36936174 PMCID: PMC10022468 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1021640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide with increasing incidence. PAS refers to a group of pathological conditions ranging from the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the uterus wall to its perforation and, in extreme cases, invasion into surrounding organs. Among them, placenta accreta is characterized by a direct adhesion of the villi to the myometrium without invasion and remains the most common diagnosis of PAS. Here, we identify the potential regulatory miRNA and target networks contributing to placenta accreta development. Using small RNA-Seq followed by RT-PCR confirmation, altered miRNA expression, including that of members of placenta-specific miRNA clusters (e.g., C19MC and C14MC), was identified in placenta accreta samples compared to normal placental tissues. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed expression of altered miRNAs mostly in trophoblast but also in endothelial cells and this profile was similar among all evaluated degrees of PAS. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses showed enriched pathways dysregulated in PAS associated with cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and invasion. mRNAs of genes associated with cell cycle and inflammation were downregulated in PAS. At the protein level, NF-κB was upregulated while PTEN was downregulated in placenta accreta tissue. The identified miRNAs and their targets are associated with signaling pathways relevant to controlling trophoblast function. Therefore, this study provides miRNA:mRNA associations that could be useful for understanding PAS onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuel Barth
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, RNA Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analysis, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Tanja Groten
- Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, RNA Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analysis, Jena, Germany
- Fritz Lipman Institute (FLI), Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Udo R. Markert, ; Diana M. Morales-Prieto,
| | - Diana M. Morales-Prieto
- Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Udo R. Markert, ; Diana M. Morales-Prieto,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng X, Zhang Z, Mo Y, Liu J, Wang S, Liu H. Bioinformatics Analysis of Choriocarcinoma-Related MicroRNA-Transcription Factor-Target Gene Regulatory Networks and Validation of Key miRNAs. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3903-3919. [PMID: 34234459 PMCID: PMC8254590 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s311291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the current research was to construct a miRNA-transcription factor (TF)-target gene regulatory network in order to investigate the mechanism underlying choriocarcinoma and to verify the network through the overexpression or silencing of hub miRNAs in vitro. Materials and Methods A mRNA expression dataset and two miRNA expression datasets were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between normal cells and choriocarcinoma cells. The top 400 upregulated and downregulated DEGs were identified as candidate DEGs, which were then mapped to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and select hub genes. Moreover, the DGIdb database was utilized to select candidate drugs for hub genes. Moreover, DEM target genes were predicted through the miRWalk2.0 database and overlaid with candidate DEGs to identify the differentially expressed target genes (DETGs). Furthermore, we established miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks and performed functional enrichment analysis of hub DEMs. Finally, we transfected mimics or inhibitors of hub DEMs into choriocarcinoma cells and assessed cell proliferation and migration to verify the vital role of hub DEMs in choriocarcinoma. Results A total of 140 DEMs and 400 candidate DEGs were screened from choriocarcinoma cells and normal cells. A PPI network of 400 candidate DEGs was established. Twenty-nine hub genes and 99 associated small molecules were identified to provide potential target drugs for choriocarcinoma treatment. We obtained 70 DETGs of DEMs derived from the intersection between predicted miRNA target genes and candidate DEGs. Subsequently, 3 hub DEMs were selected, and miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks containing 4 TFs, 3 TFs and 3 TFs for each network were constructed. The RT-PCR results confirmed that miR-29b-3p was highly expressed and that miR-519c-3p and miR-520a-5p were expressed at low levels in choriocarcinoma cells. The overexpression or silencing results suggested that 3 dysregulated hub DEMs jointly accelerated the proliferation and migration of choriocarcinoma. Conclusion Association of miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks may help us explore the underlying mechanism and provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Mo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Huining Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murrieta-Coxca JM, Gutiérrez-Samudio RN, El-Shorafa HM, Groten T, Rodríguez-Martínez S, Cancino-Diaz ME, Cancino-Diaz JC, Favaro RR, Markert UR, Morales-Prieto DM. Role of IL-36 Cytokines in the Regulation of Angiogenesis Potential of Trophoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010285. [PMID: 33396613 PMCID: PMC7794747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines (the agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and the antagonist IL-36Ra) are expressed in the mouse uterus and associated with maternal immune response during pregnancy. Here, we characterize the expression of IL-36 members in human primary trophoblast cells (PTC) and trophoblastic cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3) and upon treatment with bacterial and viral components. Effects of recombinant IL-36 on the migration capacity of trophoblastic cells, their ability to interact with endothelial cells and the induction of angiogenic factors and miRNAs (angiomiRNAs) were examined. Constitutive protein expression of IL-36 (α, β, and γ) and their receptor (IL-36R) was found in all cell types. In PTC, transcripts for all IL-36 subtypes were found, whereas in trophoblastic cell lines only for IL36G and IL36RN. A synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of IL-36 members in a cell-specific and time-dependent manner. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, IL-36 cytokines increased cell migration and their capacity to interact with endothelial cells. VEGFA and PGF mRNA and protein, as well as the angiomiRNAs miR-146a-3p and miR-141-5p were upregulated as IL-36 response in PTC and HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, IL-36 cytokines are modulated by microbial components and regulate trophoblast migration and interaction with endothelial cells. Therefore, a fundamental role of these cytokines in the placentation process and in response to infections may be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Murrieta-Coxca
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
- Departamento de Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.R.-M.); (M.E.C.-D.); (J.C.C.-D.)
| | - Ruby N. Gutiérrez-Samudio
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Heba M. El-Shorafa
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Tanja Groten
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.R.-M.); (M.E.C.-D.); (J.C.C.-D.)
| | - Mario E. Cancino-Diaz
- Departamento de Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.R.-M.); (M.E.C.-D.); (J.C.C.-D.)
| | - Juan C. Cancino-Diaz
- Departamento de Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.R.-M.); (M.E.C.-D.); (J.C.C.-D.)
| | - Rodolfo R. Favaro
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (U.R.M.); (D.M.M.-P.); Tel.: +49-3641-939-0850 (U.R.M.); +49-3641-939-0859 (D.M.M.-P.); Fax: +49-3641-939-0851 (D.M.M.-P.)
| | - Diana M. Morales-Prieto
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany; (J.M.M.-C.); (R.N.G.-S.); (H.M.E.-S.); (T.G.); (R.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (U.R.M.); (D.M.M.-P.); Tel.: +49-3641-939-0850 (U.R.M.); +49-3641-939-0859 (D.M.M.-P.); Fax: +49-3641-939-0851 (D.M.M.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jahanbin KH, Ghafourian M, Rashno M. Effect of Different Concentrations of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor on Gene Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in Trophoblast Tumor Cell Line. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2020; 14:116-121. [PMID: 32681623 PMCID: PMC7382685 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is one of the most important cytokines participating in the process of embryo implantation and pregnancy, while, the role of this factor on vascular endothelial factor-A (VEGF-A), as one of the most important angiogenic factor, has not been fully investigated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LIF on gene expression of VEGF in the choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3). Materials and Methods In this experimental study, JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations of LIF (1, 10, and 50 ng) for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Expression of VEGF was analyzed by real-time PCR. Delta CTs were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc Tukey's test by SPSS version 25.0 software for data analyzing. Results In the stimulated cells, different concentrations of LIF caused significant decrease of VEGF gene expression (P<0.05) at 12, 24 and 48 hours. In contrast, it was increased after 72 hours (P<0.001). Analysis of data after 6 hours also showed that level of VEGF gene expression was significantly decreased by increasing LIF concentration (P<0.001). Conclusion Expression level of VEGF gene was decreased in trophoblast cells (except after 72 hours) under the effect of different concentrations of LIF in a time-dependent manner. So, this study showed that further studies are needed to determine the effect of LIF on other angiogenic factors in trophoblast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hodakaram Jahanbin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehri Ghafourian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic Address: .,Fertility, Infertility, and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MiR-519d-3p in Trophoblastic Cells: Effects, Targets and Transfer to Allogeneic Immune Cells via Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103458. [PMID: 32422900 PMCID: PMC7278925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the placenta-specific miRNA cluster C19MC, including miR-519d, are secreted by fetal trophoblast cells within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Trophoblast-derived EVs can be internalized by the autologous trophoblast and surrounding maternal immune cells, resulting in coordination of cellular responses. The study of functions and targets of placental miRNAs in the donor and recipient cells may contribute to the understanding of the immune tolerance essential in pregnancy. Here, we report that miR-519d-3p levels correlate positively with cell proliferation and negatively with migration in trophoblastic cell lines. Inhibition of miR-519d-3p in JEG-3 cells increases caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. PDCD4 and PTEN are targeted by miR-519d-3p in a cell type-specific manner. Transfection of trophoblastic cell lines with miR-519d mimic results in secretion of EVs containing elevated levels of this miRNA (EVmiR-519d). Autologous cells enhance their proliferation and decrease their migration ability when treated with EVmiR-519d. NK92 cells incorporate EV-delivered miR-519d-3p at higher levels than Jurkat T cells. EVmiR-519d increases the proliferation of Jurkat T cells but decreases that of NK92 cells. Altogether, miR-519d-3p regulates pivotal trophoblast cell functions, can be transferred horizontally via EVs to maternal immune cells and exerts functions therein. Vesicular miRNA transfer from fetal trophoblasts to maternal immune cells may contribute to the immune tolerance in pregnancy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng Y, Wei L, Lali MS, Chen Y, Yu J, Feng L. miR-150-5p mediates extravillous trophoblast cell migration and angiogenesis functions by regulating VEGF and MMP9. Placenta 2020; 93:94-100. [PMID: 32250744 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION miR-150-5p is involved in placenta function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in migration and invasion of cells, while VEGF is the major contributing factor in angiogenesis, and they are related to miR-150-5p. However, the mechanism by which miR-150-5p regulates placental functions is not known. Thus, we investigated the influence of miR-150-5p on extravillous trophoblast function and the underlying epigenetic mechanism. METHODS Real-time PCR were used to detect the miR-150-5p in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells were transfected with miR-150-5p inhibitor. Furthermore, we used CoCl2 to establish the hypoxia cell model. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect VEGF and MMP9 expression levels in the transfected cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was conducted to evaluate the proliferation ability. Wound-healing and transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion capacities. Tube formation assay was performed to evaluate the angiogenesis ability. RESULTS miR-150-5p was up-regulated in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia. Inhibition of miR-150-5p significantly enhanced migration, invasion, and angiogenesis ability of both JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo cells. Similar results were seen in the hypoxic HTR-8/SVneo cell model. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF and MMP9 were upregulated by the inhibition of miR-150-5p. DISCUSSION miR-150-5p impacts placental cellular abilities, including migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of extravillous trophoblast cells. More importantly, miR-150-5p regulates VEGF and MMP9 expression. The results suggest that miR-150-5p may have an impact on placenta functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lijie Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mwamaka Sharifu Lali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|