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Circadian Rhythms in Legumes: What Do We Know and What Else Should We Explore? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094588. [PMID: 33925559 PMCID: PMC8123782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural timing devices of organisms, commonly known as biological clocks, are composed of specific complex folding molecules that interact to regulate the circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms, the changes or processes that follow a 24-h light–dark cycle, while endogenously programmed, are also influenced by environmental factors, especially in sessile organisms such as plants, which can impact ecosystems and crop productivity. Current knowledge of plant clocks emanates primarily from research on Arabidopsis, which identified the main components of the circadian gene regulation network. Nonetheless, there remain critical knowledge gaps related to the molecular components of circadian rhythms in important crop groups, including the nitrogen-fixing legumes. Additionally, little is known about the synergies and trade-offs between environmental factors and circadian rhythm regulation, especially how these interactions fine-tune the physiological adaptations of the current and future crops in a rapidly changing world. This review highlights what is known so far about the circadian rhythms in legumes, which include major as well as potential future pulse crops that are packed with nutrients, particularly protein. Based on existing literature, this review also identifies the knowledge gaps that should be addressed to build a sustainable food future with the reputed “poor man’s meat”.
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Galeou A, Roussis A, Prombona A. Investigation of the Phaseolus vulgaris circadian clock and the repressive role of the PvTOC1 factor by a newly established in vitro system. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:79-85. [PMID: 29407552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is crucial for the synchronization of an organism's physiology and metabolism with the geophysical time. In plants, previous work on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has identified various differing aspects of clock function compared to the widely studied Arabidopsis thaliana clock. However, transformation of legumes for the study of the circadian clock regulatory mechanisms is extremely laborious. In the present work, we describe an easy-to-follow and rapid method of preparing bean leaf protoplasts with high transformation potential and a functional circadian clock. In this system, we show that application of trichostatin A differentially changes the expression levels of several clock genes. More importantly, we investigate the effect of the clock protein PvTOC1 (Phaseolus vulgaris TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1) on the activity of bean circadian promoters. We present new evidence on the function of PvTOC1 as a repressor of the promoter activity of its own gene, mediated by its conserved CCT (CONSTANS, CO-LIKE and TOC1) domain. Using our protoplast system we were able to uncover functions of the bean circadian clock and to identify an additional target of the PvTOC1clock transcription factor, not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Galeou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "DEMOKRITOS", Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 153 41, Agia Paraskevi, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Roussis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Prombona
- National Centre for Scientific Research "DEMOKRITOS", Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Patr. Grigoriou E' & 27 Neapoleos str., 153 41, Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Marcolino-Gomes J, Rodrigues FA, Fuganti-Pagliarini R, Nakayama TJ, Ribeiro Reis R, Bouças Farias JR, Harmon FG, Correa Molinari HB, Correa Molinari MD, Nepomuceno A. Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Reference Genes for Expression Analysis of Soybean Responses to Drought Stress along the Day. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139051. [PMID: 26407065 PMCID: PMC4583485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The soybean transcriptome displays strong variation along the day in optimal growth conditions and also in response to adverse circumstances, like drought stress. However, no study conducted to date has presented suitable reference genes, with stable expression along the day, for relative gene expression quantification in combined studies on drought stress and diurnal oscillations. Recently, water deficit responses have been associated with circadian clock oscillations at the transcription level, revealing the existence of hitherto unknown processes and increasing the demand for studies on plant responses to drought stress and its oscillation during the day. We performed data mining from a transcriptome-wide background using microarrays and RNA-seq databases to select an unpublished set of candidate reference genes, specifically chosen for the normalization of gene expression in studies on soybean under both drought stress and diurnal oscillations. Experimental validation and stability analysis in soybean plants submitted to drought stress and sampled during a 24 h timecourse showed that four of these newer reference genes (FYVE, NUDIX, Golgin-84 and CYST) indeed exhibited greater expression stability than the conventionally used housekeeping genes (ELF1-β and β-actin) under these conditions. We also demonstrated the effect of using reference candidate genes with different stability values to normalize the relative expression data from a drought-inducible soybean gene (DREB5) evaluated in different periods of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marcolino-Gomes
- Embrapa Soybean, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Jonas Nakayama
- Embrapa Soybean, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Ribeiro Reis
- Embrapa Soybean, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Frank G. Harmon
- Plant Gene Expression Center, ARS/USDA, Albany, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | - Mayla Daiane Correa Molinari
- Embrapa Soybean, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Nepomuceno
- Embrapa Soybean, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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