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Cao X, Huang M, Wang S, Li T, Huang Y. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus: Characteristics, influence, and regulation mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108812. [PMID: 38875781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a DNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus, significantly impedes the growth and development of numerous host plants, including tomatoes and peppers. Due to its rapid mutation rate and frequent recombination events, achieving complete control of TYLCV proves exceptionally challenging. Consequently, identifying resistance mechanisms become crucial for safeguarding host plants from TYLCV-induced damage. This review article delves into the global distribution, dispersal patterns, and defining characteristics of TYLCV. Moreover, the intricate interplay between TYLCV and various influencing factors, such as insect vectors, susceptible host plants, and abiotic stresses, plays a pivotal role in plant-TYLCV interactions. The review offers an updated perspective on recent investigations focused on plant response mechanisms to TYLCV infection, including the intricate relationship between TYLCV, whiteflies, and regulatory factors. This comprehensive analysis aims to establish a foundation for future research endeavors exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying TYLCV infection and the development of plant resistance through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Mengna Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China.
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Li T, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Sun S, Wang H, Geng X. Phenotype and signaling pathway analysis to explore the interaction between tomato plants and TYLCV in different organs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111955. [PMID: 38097048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), caused by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), is one of the most destructive diseases in tomato cultivation. By comparing the phenotypic characteristics and virus quantities in the susceptible variety 'Cooperation 909 Red Tomatoes' and the resistant variety 'Huamei 204' after inoculation with TYLCV infectious clones, our study discovered that the root, stem and leaf growth of the susceptible variety 'Cooperation 909 Red Tomatoes' were severely hindered and the resistant variety 'Huamei 204' showed growth inhibition only in roots. TYLCV accumulation in roots were significantly higher than in leaves. Further, we examined the expression of key genes in the SA and JA signalling pathways in leaves, stems and roots and found the up-regulation of SA-signalling genes in all organs of the susceptible variety after inoculation with TYLCV clones. Interestingly, SlJAZ2 in roots of the resistant variety was significantly down-regulated upon TYLCV infection. Further, we silenced the SlNPR1 and SlCOI1 genes individually using virus induced gene silencing system in tomato plants. We found that viruses accumulated to a higher level in SlNPR1 silenced plants than wild type plants, and the virus quantity in roots was significantly increased in SlCOI1 silenced plants. These results provide new insights for advancing research in understanding tomato-TYLCV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hehe Wang
- Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Chidambara B, Muthaiah G, Sadashiva AT, Reddy MK, Ravishankar KV. Transcriptome analysis during ToLCBaV disease development in contrasting tomato genotypes. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:226. [PMID: 37304404 PMCID: PMC10247599 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus (ToLCBaV) is one of the most important plant viruses. The infection causes substantial yield losses in tomato crop. The current viral disease management is based mainly on introgression of Ty locus into new tomato cultivars. Unfortunately, strains of the leaf curl virus have been evolving and are breaking Ty based tolerance in tomato. In this study, the defence response to ToLCBaV infection has been compared between contrasting tomato genotypes, resistant line (IIHR 2611; without any known Ty markers) and the susceptible line (IIHR 2843). We carried out comparative transcriptome profiling, and gene expression analysis in an effort to identify gene networks that are associated with a novel ToLCBaV resistance. A total of 22,320 genes were examined to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We found that 329 genes of them were expressed significantly and differentially between ToLBaV-infected samples of both IIHR 2611 and IIHR 2843. A good number of DEGs were related to defence response, photosynthesis, response to wounding, toxin catabolic process, glutathione metabolic process, regulation of transcription DNA-template, transcription factor activity, and sequence-specific DNA binding. A few selected genes such as, nudix hydrolase 8, MIK 2-like, RING-H2 finger protein ATL2-like, MAPKKK 18-like, EDR-2, SAG 21 wound-induced basic protein, GRXC6 and P4 were validated using qPCR. The pattern of gene expression was significantly different in resistant and susceptible plants during disease progression. Both positive and negative regulators of virus resistance were found in the present study. These findings will facilitate breeding and genetic engineering efforts to incorporate novel sources of ToLCBaV resistance in tomatoes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03629-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Chidambara
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065 India
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - Gayathri Muthaiah
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | | | - M. Krishna Reddy
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - Kundapura V. Ravishankar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089 India
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Wang X, Wang B, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Jin B, Wei X. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Alleviates the Damage Caused by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato through Regulation of Peptidase Inhibitor Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012542. [PMID: 36293408 PMCID: PMC9604136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the causal agent of one of the most severe diseases affecting tomato growth; however, nitric oxide (NO) can mediate plant resistance. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of exogenous NO donor-mediated disease resistance in tomato seedlings. Tomato seedlings were treated with sodium nitroprusside and TYLCV and subjected to phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological analyses. The results show that exogenous NO significantly reduced disease index, MDA content, and virus content (71.4%), significantly increased stem length and fresh weight of diseased plants (p < 0.05), and improved photosynthesis with an induction effect of up to 44.0%. In this study, it was found that the reduction in virus content caused by the increased expression of peptidase inhibitor genes was the main reason for the increased resistance in tomatoes. The peptidase inhibitor inhibited protease activity and restrained virus synthesis, while the significant reduction in virus content inevitably caused a partial weakening or shutdown of the disease response process in the diseased plant. In addition, exogenous NO also induces superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, fatty acid elongation, resistance protein, lignin, and monoterpene synthesis to improve resistance. In summary, exogenous NO enhances resistance in tomatoes mainly by regulating peptidase inhibitor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baoqiang Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baoxia Jin
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-9331-7951
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Wang P, Sun S, Liu K, Peng R, Li N, Hu B, Wang L, Wang H, Afzal AJ, Geng X. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed gene networks involved in heightened resistance against tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid treated tomato plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970139. [PMID: 36187991 PMCID: PMC9515787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus of the Geminiviridae family, causes leaf curl disease of tomato that significantly affects tomato production worldwide. SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid) or the JA mimetic, COR (coronatine) applied exogenously resulted in improved tomato resistance against TYLCV infection. When compared to mock treated tomato leaves, pretreatment with the three compounds followed by TYCLV stem infiltration also caused a greater accumulation of H2O2. We employed RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing) to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes) induced by SA, JA, COR pre-treatments after Agro-inoculation of TYLCV in tomato. To obtain functional information on these DEGs, we annotated genes using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Based on our comparative analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism pathways were analyzed in compound treated samples. We also found that TYLCV levels were affected in SlNPR1 and SlCOI1 silenced plants. Interestingly, compared to the mock treated samples, SA signaling was hyper-activated in SlCOI1 silenced plants which resulted in a significant reduction in viral titer, whereas in SINPR1 silencing tomato plants, there was a 19-fold increase in viral load. Our results indicated that SA, JA, and COR had multiple impacts on defense modulation at the early stage of TYLCV infection. These results will help us better understand SA and JA induced defenses against viral invasion and provide a theoretical basis for breeding viral resistance into commercial tomato accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Sun,
| | - Kerang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Quality and Safety Testing Center for Agro-Products, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Wang
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, United States
| | - Ahmed Jawaad Afzal
- Division of Science, New York University, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Xueqing Geng,
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Sáez C, Flores-León A, Montero-Pau J, Sifres A, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Provides Candidate Genes for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798858. [PMID: 35116050 PMCID: PMC8805612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS) (C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sáez,
| | - Alejandro Flores-León
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Sifres
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P. S. Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center, East and Southeast Asia, Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Carmelo López,
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Belén Picó,
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Sade N, Peleg Z. Future challenges for global food security under climate change. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 295:110467. [PMID: 32534610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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