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Zhang R, Tan S, Zhang B, Hu P, Li L. Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng. Molecules 2021; 26:5623. [PMID: 34577094 PMCID: PMC8467428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among rare earth elements, cerium has the unique ability of regulating the growth of plant cells and the biosynthesis of metabolites at different stages of plant development. The signal pathways of Ce3+-mediated ginsenosides biosynthesis in ginseng hairy roots were investigated. At a low concentration, Ce3+ improved the elongation and biomass of hairy roots. The Ce3+-induced accumulation of ginsenosides showed a high correlation with the reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the biosynthesis of endogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ginsenoside key enzyme genes (PgSS, PgSE and PgDDS). At a Ce3+ concentration of 20 mg L-1, the total ginsenoside content was 1.7-fold, and the total ginsenosides yield was 2.7-fold that of the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the ROS production rate were significantly higher than those of the control. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly activated within the Ce3+ concentration range of 10 to 30 mg L-1. The activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) strengthened with the increasing concentration of Ce3+ in the range of 20-40 mg L-1. The Ce3+ exposure induced transient production of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Together with the increase in the intracellular MeJA level and enzyme activity for lipoxygenase (LOX), there was an increase in the gene expression level of MeJA biosynthesis including PgLOX, PgAOS and PgJMT. Our results also revealed that Ce3+ did not directly influence PgSS, PgSE and PgDDS activity. We speculated that Ce3+-induced ROS production could enhance the accumulation of ginsenosides in ginseng hairy roots via the direct stimulation of enzyme genes for MeJA biosynthesis. This study demonstrates a potential approach for understanding and improving ginsenoside biosynthesis that is regulated by Ce3+-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shiquan Tan
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Bianling Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Ling Li
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
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Ahmed MS, Lauersen KJ, Ikram S, Li C. Efflux Transporters' Engineering and Their Application in Microbial Production of Heterologous Metabolites. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:646-669. [PMID: 33751883 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of microbial hosts for the production of heterologous metabolites and biochemicals is an enabling technology to generate meaningful quantities of desired products that may be otherwise difficult to produce by traditional means. Heterologous metabolite production can be restricted by the accumulation of toxic products within the cell. Efflux transport proteins (transporters) provide a potential solution to facilitate the export of these products, mitigate toxic effects, and enhance production. Recent investigations using knockout lines, heterologous expression, and expression profiling of transporters have revealed candidates that can enhance the export of heterologous metabolites from microbial cell systems. Transporter engineering efforts have revealed that some exhibit flexible substrate specificity and may have broader application potentials. In this Review, the major superfamilies of efflux transporters, their mechanistic modes of action, selection of appropriate efflux transporters for desired compounds, and potential transporter engineering strategies are described for potential applications in enhancing engineered microbial metabolite production. Future studies in substrate recognition, heterologous expression, and combinatorial engineering of efflux transporters will assist efforts to enhance heterologous metabolite production in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Ahmed
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Abid Majeed Road, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kyle J. Lauersen
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Ikram
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center for Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Zhu H, Ai H, Hu Z, Du D, Sun J, Chen K, Chen L. Comparative transcriptome combined with metabolome analyses revealed key factors involved in nitric oxide (NO)-regulated cadmium stress adaptation in tall fescue. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:601. [PMID: 32867669 PMCID: PMC7457814 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) could ameliorate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tall fescue; however, the underlying mechanisms of NO mediated Cd detoxification are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification process by comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. RESULTS The application of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as NO donor decreased the Cd content of tall fescue by 11% under Cd stress (T1 treatment), but the Cd content was increased by 24% when treated with Carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO) together with Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (T2 treatment). RNA-seq analysis revealed that 904 (414 up- and 490 down-regulated) and 118 (74 up- and 44 down-regulated) DEGs were identified in the T1 vs Cd (only Cd treatment) and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. Moreover, metabolite profile analysis showed that 99 (65 up- and 34-down- regulated) and 131 (45 up- and 86 down-regulated) metabolites were altered in the T1 vs Cd and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. The integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that 81 DEGs and 15 differentially expressed metabolites were involved in 20 NO-induced pathways. The dominant pathways were antioxidant activities such as glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, secondary metabolites such as flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results revealed that there are three major mechanisms involved in NO-mediated Cd detoxification in tall fescue, including (a) antioxidant capacity enhancement; (b) accumulation of secondary metabolites related to cadmium chelation and sequestration; and (c) regulation of cadmium ion transportation, such as ABC transporter activation. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the NO-mediated cadmium stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Honglian Ai
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Li L, Wang K, Zhao M, Li S, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Chen J, Wang Y, Sun C, Chen P, Lei J, Zhang M, Wang Y. Selection and validation of reference genes desirable for gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in MeJA-treated ginseng hairy roots. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226168. [PMID: 31805178 PMCID: PMC6894815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is a valuable herb of traditional Chinese medicine and ginsenosides, the main bioactive components of ginseng, have been proven to have multiple functions in human therapies and health. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an elicitor that has been demonstrated to have a vital influence on ginsenoside biosynthesis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been widely used in quantification of gene expressions. Here, we report the selection and validation of reference genes desirable for normalization of gene expressions quantified by qRT-PCR in ginseng hairy roots treated with MeJA. Twelve reference genes were selected as candidate genes, and their expressions were quantified by qRT-PCR, and analyzed by geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. CYP and EF-1α were shown to be the most stable reference genes in geNorm, CYP was the most stable reference gene in NormFinder, and 18S was the most stable reference gene in BestKeeper. On this basis, we further quantified the relative expression levels of four genes encoding key enzymes that are involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis using CYP and 18S as the reference genes, respectively. Moreover, correlation analysis was performed between the quantified expressions of four genes and the ginsenoside content in MeJA-treated ginseng hairy roots. The results of relative expressions of the four genes quantified using CYP as the reference gene and their significant correlations with the ginsenoside content were better than those using 18S as the reference gene. The CYP gene, hence, was concluded as the most desirable reference gene for quantification of the expressions of genes in MeJA-treated ginseng hairy roots. This finding, therefore, provides information useful for gene research in ginseng, particularly in MeJA-treated ginseng hairy roots, which includes identification and characterization of genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shaokun Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Zeng X, Luo T, Li J, Li G, Zhou D, Liu T, Zou X, Pandey A, Luo Z. Transcriptomics-based identification and characterization of 11 CYP450 genes of Panax ginseng responsive to MeJA. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1094-1103. [PMID: 30321253 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP450s), a superfamily of mono-oxygenases, are essential to generate highly functionalized secondary metabolites in plants and contribute to the diversification of specialized triterpenoid biosynthesis in eudicots. However, screening and identifying the exact CYP450 genes in ginsenoside biosynthesis is extremely challenging due to existence of large quantities of members in CYP450 superfamily. Therefore, to screen the CYP450 genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, transcriptome dataset of Panax ginseng was created in our previous work using the technique of the next-generation sequencing. On the basis of bioinformatics analysis, 16 putative CYP450 genes with significant differential expression were screened from the dataset and submitted to GenBank, in which 11 of them have been cloned. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was used as an elicitor to analyze the expression profiles of candidate CYP450 genes by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of some CYP450 genes were strongly induced by MeJA and showed different transcription levels at different treatment time points. Homology analysis indicated that each putative CYP450 protein of P. ginseng has a conserved domain consisting of E-E-R-F-P-R-G. The CYP450 genes were screened and cloned here to enrich the resources of CYP450 genes, and the results of bioinformatics analysis provided a foundation to further identify the function of CYP450s involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Furthermore, this study facilitated the construction of microbial cell factories for increasing the production of ginsenosides by means of metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zeng
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiao Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jijia Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gui Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donghua Zhou
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Zou
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhu Y, Hao Y, Liu H, Sun G, Chen R, Song S. Identification and characterization of two ammonium transporter genes in flowering Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:59-70. [PMID: 31275038 PMCID: PMC6543737 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs), which include AMT1 and AMT2 subfamilies, have been identified and partially characterized in many plants. In this study, two AMT2-type genes from Brassica campestris, namely BcAMT2 and BcAMT2like, were identified and characterized. BcAMT2 and BcAMT2like are 2666 bp and 2952 bp, encode proteins of 490 and 489 amino acids, respectively, and contain five exons and four introns. Transient expression of these proteins labelled with green fluorescence protein in onion epidermal cells indicated that both are located on the plasma membrane. When expressing BcAMT2 or BcAMT2like, the mutant yeast strain 31019b could grow on medium containing 2 mM ammonium as the only nitrogen source when expressing BcAMT2 or BcAMT2like, indicating that both are functional AMT genes. Quantitative PCR results showed that BcAMT2 and BcAMT2like were expressed in all tissues, but they displayed different expression patterns in the reproductive stages. BcAMT2s transcript levels in leaves were positively correlated with ammonium concentration and external pH. Moreover, the expression BcAMT2s responded to diurnal change. Furthermore, the uncharged form of ammonium, i.e., ammonia, might also be transported by BcAMT2s. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ammonium absorption and transportation by the AMT2 subfamily in B. campestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Zhu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangwen Sun
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lv H, Li J, Wu Y, Garyali S, Wang Y. Transporter and its engineering for secondary metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6119-6130. [PMID: 27209041 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites possess a lot of biological activities, and to achieve their functions, transmembrane transportation is crucial. Elucidation of their transport mechanisms in the cell is critical for discovering ways to improve the production. Here, we have summarized the recent progresses for representative secondary metabolite transporters and also the strategies for uncovering the transporter systems in plants and microbes. We have also discussed the transporter engineering strategies being utilized for improving the heterologous natural product production, which exhibits promising future under the guide of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sanjog Garyali
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Xiu H, Nuruzzaman M, Guo X, Cao H, Huang J, Chen X, Wu K, Zhang R, Huang Y, Luo J, Luo Z. Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Eight PgWRKY Genes in Panax ginseng Responsive to Salt and Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:319. [PMID: 26959011 PMCID: PMC4813182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of WRKY genes in plant physiological processes, little is known about their roles in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Forty-eight unigenes on this species were previously reported as WRKY transcripts using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Subsequently, one gene that encodes PgWRKY1 protein belonging to subgroup II-d was cloned and functionally characterized. In this study, eight WRKY genes from the NGS-based transcriptome sequencing dataset designated as PgWRKY2-9 have been cloned and characterized. The genes encoding WRKY proteins were assigned to WRKY Group II (one subgroup II-c, four subgroup II-d, and three subgroup II-e) based on phylogenetic analysis. The cDNAs of the cloned PgWRKYs encode putative proteins ranging from 194 to 358 amino acid residues, each of which includes one WRKYGQK sequence motif and one C2H2-type zinc-finger motif. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that the eight analyzed PgWRKY genes were expressed at different levels in various organs including leaves, roots, adventitious roots, stems, and seeds. Importantly, the transcription responses of these PgWRKYs to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) showed that PgWRKY2, PgWRKY3, PgWRKY4, PgWRKY5, PgWRKY6, and PgWRKY7 were downregulated by MeJA treatment, while PgWRKY8 and PgWRKY9 were upregulated to varying degrees. Moreover, the PgWRKY genes increased or decreased by salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and NaCl treatments. The results suggest that the PgWRKYs may be multiple stress–inducible genes responding to both salt and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Hongzhe Cao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jingjia Huang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yuzhao Huang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Junli Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Nuruzzaman M, Cao H, Xiu H, Luo T, Li J, Chen X, Luo J, Luo Z. Transcriptomics-based identification of WRKY genes and characterization of a salt and hormone-responsive PgWRKY1 gene in Panax ginseng. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:117-31. [PMID: 26685304 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY proteins belong to a transcription factor (TF) family and play dynamic roles in many plant processes, including plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. However, no WRKY gene in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been reported to date. In this study, a number of WRKY unigenes from methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated adventitious root transcriptome of this species were identified using next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 48 promising WRKY unigenes encoding WRKY proteins were obtained by eliminating wrong and incomplete open reading frame (ORF). Phylogenetic analysis reveals 48 WRKY TFs, including 11 Group I, 36 Group II, and 1 Group III. Moreover, one MeJA-responsive unigene designated as PgWRKY1 was cloned and characterized. It contains an entire ORF of 1077 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 358 amino acid residues. The PgWRKY1 protein contains a single WRKY domain consisting of a conserved amino acid sequence motif WRKYGQK and a C2H2-type zinc-finger motif belonging to WRKY subgroup II-d. Subcellular localization of PgWRKY1-GFP fusion protein in onion and tobacco epidermis cells revealed that PgWRKY1 was exclusively present in the nucleus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression of PgWRKY1 was relatively higher in roots and lateral roots compared with leaves, stems, and seeds. Importantly, PgWRKY1 expression was significantly induced by salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and NaCl, but downregulated by MeJA treatment. These results suggested that PgWRKY1 might be a multiple stress-inducible gene responding to hormones and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hongzhe Cao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hao Xiu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tiao Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jijia Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Junli Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Cao H, Nuruzzaman M, Xiu H, Huang J, Wu K, Chen X, Li J, Wang L, Jeong JH, Park SJ, Yang F, Luo J, Luo Z. Transcriptome analysis of methyl jasmonate-elicited Panax ginseng adventitious roots to discover putative ginsenoside biosynthesis and transport genes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3035-57. [PMID: 25642758 PMCID: PMC4346879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer belonging to the Araliaceae has long been used as an herbal medicine. Although public databases are presently available for this family, no methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicited transcriptomic information was previously reported on this species, with the exception of a few expressed sequence tags (ESTs) using the traditional Sanger method. Here, approximately 53 million clean reads of adventitious root transcriptome were separately filtered via Illumina HiSeq™2000 from two samples treated with MeJA (Pg-MeJA) and equal volumes of solvent, ethanol (Pg-Con). Jointly, a total of 71,095 all-unigenes from both samples were assembled and annotated, and based on sequence similarity search with known proteins, a total of 56,668 unigenes was obtained. Out of these annotated unigenes, 54,920 were assigned to the NCBI non-redundant protein (Nr) database, 35,448 to the Swiss-prot database, 43,051 to gene ontology (GO), and 19,986 to clusters of orthologous groups (COG). Searching in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway database indicated that 32,200 unigenes were mapped to 128 KEGG pathways. Moreover, we obtained several genes showing a wide range of expression levels. We also identified a total of 749 ginsenoside biosynthetic enzyme genes and 12 promising pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) genes related to ginsenoside transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Cao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Hao Xiu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jingjia Huang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Kunlu Wu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jijia Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Ji-Hak Jeong
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Sun-Jin Park
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Junli Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Zhiyi N, Guijuan K, Yu L, Longjun D, Rizhong Z. Whole-transcriptome survey of the putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family genes in the latex-producing laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116857. [PMID: 25615936 PMCID: PMC4304824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins or transporters constitute a large protein family in plants and are involved in many different cellular functions and processes, including solute transportation, channel regulation and molecular switches, etc. Through transcriptome sequencing, a transcriptome-wide survey and expression analysis of the ABC protein genes were carried out using the laticiferous latex from Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree). A total of 46 putative ABC family proteins were identified in the H. brasiliensis latex. These consisted of 12 ‘full-size’, 21 ‘half-size’ and 13 other putative ABC proteins, and all of them showed strong conservation with their Arabidopsis thaliana counterparts. This study indicated that all eight plant ABC protein paralog subfamilies were identified in the H. brasiliensis latex, of which ABCB, ABCG and ABCI were the most abundant. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that gene expression of several latex ABC proteins was regulated by ethylene, jasmonic acid or bark tapping (a wound stress) stimulation, and that HbABCB15, HbABCB19, HbABCD1 and HbABCG21 responded most significantly of all to the abiotic stresses. The identification and expression analysis of the latex ABC family proteins could facilitate further investigation into their physiological involvement in latex metabolism and rubber biosynthesis by H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Zhiyi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Kang Guijuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Dai Longjun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Zeng Rizhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
- * E-mail:
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Bhati KK, Sharma S, Aggarwal S, Kaur M, Shukla V, Kaur J, Mantri S, Pandey AK. Genome-wide identification and expression characterization of ABCC-MRP transporters in hexaploid wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:488. [PMID: 26191068 PMCID: PMC4486771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ABCC multidrug resistance associated proteins (ABCC-MRP), a subclass of ABC transporters are involved in multiple physiological processes that include cellular homeostasis, metal detoxification, and transport of glutathione-conjugates. Although they are well-studied in humans, yeast, and Arabidopsis, limited efforts have been made to address their possible role in crop like wheat. In the present work, 18 wheat ABCC-MRP proteins were identified that showed the uniform distribution with sub-families from rice and Arabidopsis. Organ-specific quantitative expression analysis of wheat ABCC genes indicated significantly higher accumulation in roots (TaABCC2, TaABCC3, and TaABCC11 and TaABCC12), stem (TaABCC1), leaves (TaABCC16 and TaABCC17), flag leaf (TaABCC14 and TaABCC15), and seeds (TaABCC6, TaABCC8, TaABCC12, TaABCC13, and TaABCC17) implicating their role in the respective tissues. Differential transcript expression patterns were observed for TaABCC genes during grain maturation speculating their role during seed development. Hormone treatment experiments indicated that some of the ABCC genes could be transcriptionally regulated during seed development. In the presence of Cd or hydrogen peroxide, distinct molecular expression of wheat ABCC genes was observed in the wheat seedlings, suggesting their possible role during heavy metal generated oxidative stress. Functional characterization of the wheat transporter, TaABCC13 a homolog of maize LPA1 confirms its role in glutathione-mediated detoxification pathway and is able to utilize adenine biosynthetic intermediates as a substrate. This is the first comprehensive inventory of wheat ABCC-MRP gene subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal K. Bhati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
| | - Sipla Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab UniversityPunjab, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
| | - Ajay K. Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology InstitutePunjab, India
- *Correspondence: Ajay K. Pandey, Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, C-127, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Phase 8, Mohali-160071, Punjab, India
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Nuruzzaman M, Zhang R, Cao HZ, Luo ZY. Plant pleiotropic drug resistance transporters: transport mechanism, gene expression, and function. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:729-40. [PMID: 24645852 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters belonging to the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are identified only in fungi and plants. Members of this family are expressed in plants in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses and transport a diverse array of molecules across membranes. Although their detailed transport mechanism is largely unknown, they play important roles in detoxification processes, preventing water loss, transport of phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. This review provides insights into transport mechanisms of plant PDR transporters, their expression profiles, and multitude functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nuruzzaman
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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Lee K, Seo PJ. Airborne signals from salt-stressed Arabidopsis plants trigger salinity tolerance in neighboring plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28392. [PMID: 24603614 PMCID: PMC4091499 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to overcome their sessile nature. One remarkable strategy is the inter-plant communication mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Quantity and quality of plant VOCs are intricately regulated by biotic and abiotic stresses, and the alterations facilitate plant community to optimize their growth, development, and endogenous physiology to environmental fluctuations. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana plants that experience high salinity emit VOCs and trigger induction of high salt resistance in neighboring plants. VOC emission of emitter plants is likely correlative to the plant damages to high salt, and VOC-fumigated receiver plants acquire high salt tolerance. The VOC-induced stress tolerance is independent of conventional abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress signaling pathways. Together, this study demonstrates that salt-induced Arabidopsis VOCs are relevant in priming stress tolerance in neighboring plants. In addition, it also provides insight into how VOCs elicit stress responses in plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department and Research Center of Bioactive Material Sciences; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department and Research Center of Bioactive Material Sciences; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju, Korea
- Correspondence to: Pil Joon Seo,
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ABCG Transporters and Their Role in the Biotic Stress Response. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06511-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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