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Xu J, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Qu T, Sun B, Zhang H, Hou C, Zhang Z, Tang X, Wang Y. Acclimation of intertidal macroalgae Ulva prolifera to UVB radiation: the important role of alternative oxidase. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38413873 PMCID: PMC10900725 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar radiation is primarily composed of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 200 - 400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 - 700 nm). Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation accounts for only a small proportion of sunlight, and it is the primary cause of plant photodamage. The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as refrigerants caused serious ozone depletion in the 1980s, and this had led to an increase in UVB. Although CFC emissions have significantly decreased in recent years, UVB radiation still remains at a high intensity. UVB radiation increase is an important factor that influences plant physiological processes. Ulva prolifera, a type of macroalga found in the intertidal zone, is intermittently exposed to UVB. Alternative oxidase (AOX) plays an important role in plants under stresses. This research examines the changes in AOX activity and the relationships among AOX, photosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in U. prolifera under changes in UVB and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). RESULTS UVB was the main component of solar radiation impacting the typical intertidal green macroalgae U. prolifera. AOX was found to be important during the process of photosynthesis optimization of U. prolifera due to a synergistic effect with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under UVB radiation. AOX and glycolate oxidase (GO) worked together to achieve NADPH homeostasis to achieve photosynthesis optimization under changes in PAR + UVB. The synergism of AOX with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was important during the process of ROS homeostasis under PAR + UVB. CONCLUSIONS AOX plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis optimization and ROS homeostasis in U. prolifera under UVB radiation. This study provides further insights into the response of intertidal macroalgae to solar light changes.
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Grants
- No. LSKJ202203605 Laoshan Laboratory
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. 41906120, 42176204, 41976132, and 41706121 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nos. U1806213 and U1606404 NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund
- Nos. U1806213 and U1606404 NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baixue Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Chengzong Hou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Wang B, Pan X, Wang F, Liu L, Jia J. Photoprotective carbon redistribution in mixotrophic Haematococcus pluvialis under high light stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127761. [PMID: 35961507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis is a potential strategy for producing astaxanthin. However, this strategy has not been extensively commercialized because the mixotrophic mechanisms by which H. pluvialis overcomes high light stress are unclear. This study analyzed the biochemical compositions and differential proteomics of mixotrophic H. pluvialis under different light conditions. High light exposure substantially increased astaxanthin, carbohydrate, and fatty acid contents. A total of 119 and 81 proteins were significantly up- and down-regulated after two days of high light exposure. These proteins mainly enriched pathways for photosynthetic metabolism, glyoxylate cycle, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. This study proposed a regulatory model through which mixotrophic H. pluvialis copes with high light stress. The model includes pathways for modulating photosynthetic apparatus, increasing astaxanthin accumulation by enhancing photorespiration, pentose phosphate and Embden-Meyerhof-Parna pathways, while thickening the cell wall by malate-oxaloacetate shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobei Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou 362000, China; Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources and Biotechnology, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xueshan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jing Jia
- SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotechnology Investment Co. Ltd., State Development and Investment Corporation, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy and Bioresource, Beijing 100142, China.
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Zhuang D, He N, Khoo KS, Ng EP, Chew KW, Ling TC. Application progress of bioactive compounds in microalgae on pharmaceutical and cosmetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132932. [PMID: 34798100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is an autotrophic organism with fast growth, short reproduction cycle, and strong environmental adaptability. In recent years, microalgae and the bioactive ingredients extracted from microalgae are regarded as potential substitutes for raw materials in the pharmaceutical and the cosmetics industry. In this review, the characteristics and efficacy of the high-value components of microalgae are discussed in detail, along with the sources and extraction technologies of algae used to obtain high-value ingredients are reviewed. Moreover, the latest trends in biotherapy based on high-value algae extracts as materials are discussed. The excellent antioxidant properties of microalgae derivatives are regarded as an attractive replacement for safe and environmentally friendly cosmetics formulation and production. Through further studies, the mechanism of microalgae bioactive compounds can be understood better and reasonable clinical trials conducted can safely conclude the compliance of microalgae-derived drugs or cosmetics to be necessary standards to be marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University. No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Adonis amurensis Is a Promising Alternative to Haematococcus as a Resource for Natural Esterified (3 S,3' S)-Astaxanthin Production. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061059. [PMID: 34070556 PMCID: PMC8227782 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) characteristics and pigment productivity of Adonis amurensis, one of the few AST-producing higher plants, have not yet been studied extensively. In this study, the geometrical and optical isomers of AST in different parts of the A. amurensis flower were determined in detail, followed by a separation of the all-trans AST using HPLC chromatography. AST extracted from the flower accounted for 1.31% of the dry weight (dw) and mainly existed in the di-esterified form (>86.5%). The highest concentration was found in the upper red part of the petal (3.31% dw). One optical isomer (3S, 3′S) of AST, with five geometrical isomers (all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis, 15-cis, and di-cis) were observed in all parts of the flower. All-trans AST was the predominant geometrical isomer accounting for 72.5% of the total content of geometric isomers in total flower, followed by the 13-cis, and 9-cis isomers. The all-trans AST isomer was also isolated, and then purified by HPLC from the crude oily flower extract, with a 21.5% recovery yield. The cis-AST extracted from the combined androecium and gynoecium gives a very strong absorption in the UVA region due to a high level of cis, especially di-cis, isomers, suggesting a prospective use in the preparation of anti-ultraviolet agents. The production cost of AST from Adonis flowers can be as low as €388–393/kg. These observations together with other factors such as the low technology requirement for plant culturing and harvesting suggest Adonis has great potential as a resource for natural esterified (3S,3′S)-AST production when compared with Haematococcus culturing.
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Zhao J, Yu W, Zhang L, Liu J. Chlororespiration protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition by alleviating inhibition of photodamaged-PSII repair in Haematococcus pluvialis at the green motile stage. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhang C, Liu J, Yang N. A strategy for stimulating astaxanthin and lipid production in Haematococcus pluvialis by exogenous glycerol application under low light. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chen Z, Chen J, Liu J, Li L, Qin S, Huang Q. Transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of an astaxanthin-hyperproducing Haematococcus pluvialis mutant obtained by low-temperature plasma (LTP) mutagenesis under high light irradiation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu Y, Cui Y, Chen J, Qin S, Chen G. Metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 to produce astaxanthin. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The interrelation between photorespiration and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis using metabolomic analysis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Non-photochemical quenching in the cells of the carotenogenic chlorophyte Haematococcus lacustris under favorable conditions and under stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1429-1442. [PMID: 31075358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microalga Haematococcus lacustris (formerly H. pluvialis) is the richest source of the valuable pigment astaxanthin, accumulated in red aplanospores (haematocysts). In this work, we report on the photoprotective mechanisms in H. lacustris, conveying this microalga its ability to cope with a wide range of adverse conditions, with special emphasis put on non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited chlorophyll states. We studied the changes in the primary photochemistry of the photosystems (PS) as a function of irradiance and the physiological state. We leveraged the transcriptomic data to gain a deeper insight into possible NPQ mechanisms in this microalga. Peculiar to H. lacustris is a bi-phasic pattern of changes in photoprotection during haematocyst formation. The first phase coincides with a transient rise of photosynthetic activity. Based on transcriptomic data, high NPQ level in the first phase is maintained predominantly by the expression of PsbS and LhcsR proteins. Then, (in mature haematocysts), stress tolerance is achieved by optical shielding by astaxanthin and dramatic reduction of photosynthetic apparatus. In contrast to many microalgae, shielding plays an important role in H. lacistris haematocysts, whereas regulated NPQ is suppressed. Astaxanthin is decoupled from the PS, hence the light energy is not transferred to reaction centers and dissipates as heat. It allows to retain a higher photochemical yield in haematocysts comparing to vegetative cells. The ability of H. lacustris to substitute the "classical" active photoprotective mechanisms such as NPQ with optic shielding and general metabolism quiescence makes this organism a useful model to reveal photoprotection mechanisms.
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Pan-utai W, Parakulsuksatid P, Phomkaivon N. Effect of inducing agents on growth and astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis : Organic and inorganic. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Changes of Photosynthetic Behaviors and Photoprotection during Cell Transformation and Astaxanthin Accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis Grown Outdoors in Tubular Photobioreactors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010033. [PMID: 28035956 PMCID: PMC5297668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell transformation from green motile cells to non-motile cells and astaxanthin accumulation can be induced in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis cultured outdoors. In the initial 3 d of incubation (cell transformation phase), light absorption and photosynthetic electron transport became more efficient. After five days of incubation (astaxanthin accumulation phase), the light absorption per active reaction center (ABS/RC) increased, but the efficiency of electron transport (ψo) and the quantum yield of electron transport (φEo) decreased with increased time, indicating that the capacity of photosynthetic energy utilization decreased significantly during astaxanthin accumulation, leading to an imbalance between photosynthetic light absorption and energy utilization. It would inevitably aggravate photoinhibition under high light, e.g., at midday. However, the level of photoinhibition in H. pluvialis decreased as the incubation time increased, which is reflected by the fact that Fv/Fm determined at midday decreased significantly in the initial 3 d of incubation, but was affected very little after seven days of incubation, compared with that determined at predawn. This might be because the non-photochemical quenching, plastid terminal oxidase, photosystem I cyclic electron transport, defensive enzymes and the accumulated astaxanthin can protect cells against photoinhibition.
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