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Leng F, Fang W, Chen T, Wang C, Wang S, Wang L, Xie Z, Zhang X. Different frequencies of water deficit irrigation treatments improve fruit quality of Zitian seedless grapes under on-tree storage. Food Chem 2024; 454:139629. [PMID: 38805920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the impact of varied water deficit irrigation frequencies (T1: 2.5 L/4 days; T2: 5 L/8 days; CK: 5 L/4 days) on Zitian Seedless grapes from veraison to post-ripening. Notably, total soluble solids increased during on-tree storage compared to at maturity, while total anthocyanin content decreased, particularly in CK (60.16%), T1 (62.35%), and less in T2 (50.54%). Glucose and fructose levels increased significantly in T1 and T2, more so in T2, but slightly declined in CK. Tartaric acid content increased by 41.42% in T2. Moreover, compared to regular irrigation, water deficit treatments enhanced phenolic metabolites and volatile compounds, including chlorogenic acid, various flavonoids, viniferin, hexanal, 2-nonenal, 2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, and 1-hexanol, etc. Overall, the T2 treatment outperformed T1 and CK in maintaining grape quality. This study reveals that combining on-tree storage with water deficit irrigation not only improves grape quality but also water efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Leng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wenfei Fang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chengyang Wang
- Zhoushan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang 316000, PR China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Zhaosen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China.
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2
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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Effects on Water-Level Deficits on Tomato Polyphenol Composition, Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081585. [PMID: 36009305 PMCID: PMC9405155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes have high nutritional value and abundant bioactive compounds. Moderate water deficit irrigation alters metabolic levels of fruits, improving composition and quality. We investigated the effects of water deficit (T1, T2, T3, and T4) treatments and adequate irrigation (CK) on tomato polyphenol composition, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional quality. Compared with CK, the total flavonoid content increased by 33.66% and 44.73% in T1 and T2, and total phenols increased by 57.64%, 72.22%, and 55.78% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The T2 treatment significantly enhanced antioxidant’ capacities (ABTS, HSRA, FRAP, and DPPH). There were multiple groups of significant or extremely significant positive correlations between polyphenol components and antioxidant activity. For polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, the classification models divided the treatments: CK and T4 and T1−T3. The contents of soluble solids, soluble protein, vitamin C, and soluble sugar of the treatment groups were higher than those of CK. The soluble sugar positively correlated with sugar−acid ratios. In the PCA-based model, T3 in the first quadrant indicated the best treatment in terms of nutritional quality. Overall, comprehensive rankings using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed T2 > T1 > T3 > T4 > CK. Therefore, the T2 treatment is a suitable for improving quality and antioxidant capacity. This study provides novel insights into improving water-use efficiency and quality in the context of water scarcity worldwide.
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3
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Leng F, Zhou J, Wang C, Sun L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang X, Xie Z. Post-veraison different frequencies of water deficit strategies enhance Reliance grapes quality under root restriction. Food Chem 2022; 390:133181. [PMID: 35567977 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two water deficit treatments in the same amount of water but with different frequencies (T1: 2.5 L per 4 d and T2: 5 L per 8 d) were performed on Reliance grapevines from veraison until harvest to explore their effects on grape berries quality under root restriction. Results showed that glucose, fructose and sucrose contents were increased, while malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid contents were decreased under two treatments. Meanwhile, water deficits also promoted the accumulation of phenylalanine and proline. For phenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol and flavonols contents in the water deficit groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. In addition, two water deficit treatments increased the characteristic aromas contents, especially the esters contents. Overall, T2 treatment had a better effect than T1 treatment. This study provided an idea for improving water use efficiency and grape quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Leng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chengyang Wang
- Zhoushan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang 316000, PR China
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China.
| | - Zhaosen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Phan ADT, Damyeh MS, Chaliha M, Akter S, Fyfe S, Netzel ME, Cozzolino D, Sultanbawa Y. The effect of maturity and season on health‐related bioactive compounds in wild harvested fruit of
Terminalia ferdinandiana
(Exell). Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Dao Thi Phan
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Food Technology Department Faculty of Agriculture Can Tho University 3/2 Street Can Tho 900000 Vietnam
| | - Maral Seidi Damyeh
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Mridusmita Chaliha
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Saleha Akter
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Selina Fyfe
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Michael E. Netzel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Coopers Plains QLD 4108 Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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5
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Precipitation before Flowering Determined Effectiveness of Leaf Removal Timing and Irrigation on Wine Composition of Merlot Grapevine. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091865. [PMID: 34579398 PMCID: PMC8466863 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine productivity, and berry and wine flavonoid concentration, depend on the interactions of cultivar, environment, and applied cultural practices. We characterized the effects that mechanical leaf removal and irrigation treatments had on the flavonoid concentration of ‘Merlot’ (Vitis vinifera, L.) grape berries and wines in a hot climate over two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns. Leaves were removed by machine, either at prebloom (PBLR), or at post-fruit-set (PFLR), or not removed (control) and irrigation was either applied as sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) at 0.8 of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) from budbreak to fruit set, or regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) at 0.8 ETc from bud break to fruit set, 0.5 ETc from fruit set to veraison, and 0.8 ETc from veraison to harvest, of ETc In 2014, PFLR reduced the leaf area index (LAI) compared to control. The RDI decreased season-long leaf water potential (ΨInt) compared to SDI. However, in 2015, none of the treatments affected LAI or ΨInt. In 2014, berry flavonoid concentrations were reduced by PBLR as well as SDI. SDI increased the flavonoid concentrations in wine, and PFLR increased some wine flavonols in one season. No factor affected the concentrations of wine proanthocyanidins or mean degree of polymerization. Thus, mechanical PFLR and RDI may increase berry flavonoid accumulation without yield reduction, in red wine grapes cultivars grown in hot climates when precipitation after bud break is lacking. However, spring precipitation may influence the effectiveness of these practices as evidenced by this work in a changing climate.
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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081229. [PMID: 34439477 PMCID: PMC8389005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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Rienth M, Vigneron N, Darriet P, Sweetman C, Burbidge C, Bonghi C, Walker RP, Famiani F, Castellarin SD. Grape Berry Secondary Metabolites and Their Modulation by Abiotic Factors in a Climate Change Scenario-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643258. [PMID: 33828576 PMCID: PMC8020818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature, water, solar radiation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration are the main abiotic factors that are changing in the course of global warming. These abiotic factors govern the synthesis and degradation of primary (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, etc.) and secondary (phenolic and volatile flavor compounds and their precursors) metabolites directly, via the regulation of their biosynthetic pathways, or indirectly, via their effects on vine physiology and phenology. Several hundred secondary metabolites have been identified in the grape berry. Their biosynthesis and degradation have been characterized and have been shown to occur during different developmental stages of the berry. The understanding of how the different abiotic factors modulate secondary metabolism and thus berry quality is of crucial importance for breeders and growers to develop plant material and viticultural practices to maintain high-quality fruit and wine production in the context of global warming. Here, we review the main secondary metabolites of the grape berry, their biosynthesis, and how their accumulation and degradation is influenced by abiotic factors. The first part of the review provides an update on structure, biosynthesis, and degradation of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) and major aroma compounds (terpenes, thiols, methoxypyrazines, and C13 norisoprenoids). The second part gives an update on the influence of abiotic factors, such as water availability, temperature, radiation, and CO2 concentration, on berry secondary metabolism. At the end of the paper, we raise some critical questions regarding intracluster berry heterogeneity and dilution effects and how the sampling strategy can impact the outcome of studies on the grapevine berry response to abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Markus Rienth
| | - Nicolas Vigneron
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Unité de recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Crista Burbidge
- Agriculture and Food (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Robert Peter Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Mucalo A, Maletić E, Zdunić G. Extended Harvest Date Alter Flavonoid Composition and Chromatic Characteristics of Plavac Mali ( Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091155. [PMID: 32825764 PMCID: PMC7555124 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study delivers a comprehensive flavonoid fingerprint profile, physiochemical and external color characterization of Plavac Mali grapes through four harvest dates at two distinct vineyards (Split and Zadar) in the Eastern Adriatic region. The experimental harvest lasted 56 days, at total soluble solids content from 18.4 to 22.4°Brix in Split and 16.8 to 20.4°Brix in Zadar. Patterns of 27 skin and seed flavonoid compounds at each location indicate unique flavonoid composition of berries at each harvest date. Extended harvest increased six compounds in skin with maximum values of main anthocyanin malvidin-3-O-glucoside in H3 (4406.6 and 6389.5 mg kg−1, Split and Zadar, respectively) followed by a decrease in October. Peak values of seed and skin catechins and galloylated flavan-3-ol subunits are seen in H1 and H2 at Split, while constantly high values are reported in the case of Zadar, with an incoherent pattern of those in skin extracts. Minimal values of epigallocatechin were detected with an extended harvest date at both locations. Berries of extended harvest dates underwent colorimetric improvements, trough decrease in L*, a*, b* and C characteristics and increase in skin color index for red grapes CIRG. The extended harvest date promotes flavonoid composition, and improves the quality of Plavac Mali grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mucalo
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-434-496
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Zdunić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Gambetta GA, Herrera JC, Dayer S, Feng Q, Hochberg U, Castellarin SD. The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4658-4676. [PMID: 32433735 PMCID: PMC7410189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a major fruit crop of economic importance, has emerged as a model perennial fruit crop for the study of drought tolerance. This review synthesizes the most recent results on grapevine drought responses, the impact of water deficit on fruit yield and composition, and the identification of drought-tolerant varieties. Given the existing gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grapevine drought responses, we aim to answer the following question: how can we move towards a more integrative definition of grapevine drought tolerance?
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Silvina Dayer
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Quishuo Feng
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Uri Hochberg
- ARO Volcani Center, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Yu R, Brillante L, Martínez-Lüscher J, Kurtural SK. Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Water Status and Their Cascading Effects on Grapevine Physiology Are Linked to Berry and Wine Chemistry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32655596 PMCID: PMC7324756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between differences in plant water status, induced by spatial variability in soil texture, and the changes in berry and wine composition were investigated in an irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinefera L.) vineyard for 2 years. A stratified and an equidistant grid were overlaid on the vineyard to characterize the soil texture by proximal sensing, soil sampling, and grapevine physiological and berry chemical development. Based on the mid-day stem water potential (Ψ stem ) integrals, the vineyard was divided into two functional homogenous zones: Zone 1 with higher water stress and Zone 2 with lower water. Zone 1 consistently had lower Ψ stem , net carbon assimilation, and stomatal conductance in both years. Berry weight and titratable acidity were lower in Zone 1 at harvest. Zone 2 reached 26 and 24°Bx total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest in Years 1 and 2, respectively, with higher TSS values of 30 and 27°Bx in Zone 1. Ravaz index did not vary spatially. Fruits were harvested differentially in both years and vinified separately from the two zones. In Year 1, all berry skin anthocyanin derivatives, tri-, di- hydroxylated, and total anthocyanins concentrations were higher in Zone 2. However, in Year 2, only malvidin, tri-hydroxylated, and total anthocyanins were higher in Zone 1. There were no differences in wine flavonoids in Year 2 when harvest commenced earlier. In both years, Ψ stem , berry weight, and TSS were directly related to soil bulk electrical conductivity (EC). Our results indicated vineyard variability stemmed from soil texture that affected long-term plant water status which does not affect spatial variability of Ravaz Index. In conclusion, our work provides fundamental knowledge about the applicability of soil bulk EC sensing in the vineyards, and its potential directional utilization by connecting proximal soil sensing to spatial distribution of whole-plant physiological performance together with berry and wine chemistry.
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11
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Poudel PR, Koyama K, Goto-Yamamoto N. Evaluating the influence of temperature on proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.). Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3501-3510. [PMID: 32306142 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The variability in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) proanthocyanidin content is largely attributable to viticultural and environmental conditions. However, the particular effect temperature has on proanthocyanidin biosynthesis is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the magnitude of the effect of temperature on proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries cultured in vitro. In addition, the effects of temperature on global gene transcription were evaluated, and the microarray data were later validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The grape berries used in this research were sampled 3-4 weeks after full bloom and cultured in vitro either under a low (20 °C) or high (30 °C) temperature treatment for 15 days (d) with sampling occurring every five days. The proanthocyanidin content was higher in the skin and seeds of grape berries cultured at a low temperature compared with a high temperature. However, overall proanthocyanidin composition between the treatments was not significantly affected. Microarray data revealed a total of 1298 genes with ≥ 3.5-fold expression differences under high temperature conditions. High temperature also inhibited the expression level of key genes involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase-1 (LAR-1) within the berry skin. However, the transcriptomic accumulation of transcription factors, such as VvMybPAs, VvMyb5a and VvMyb5b, was barely influenced during the peak expression of ANR and LAR-1. Thus, the present study revealed that temperature has a significant effect on proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in grape during berry development through enhancing the expression of key biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Raj Poudel
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan. .,Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Siddharthanagar-1, Rupandehi, Nepal.
| | - Kazuya Koyama
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Nami Goto-Yamamoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
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12
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Li G, Zhao J, Qin B, Yin Y, An W, Mu Z, Cao Y. ABA mediates development-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration in Lycium plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:317. [PMID: 31307384 PMCID: PMC6631627 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, which are colored pigments, have long been used as food and pharmaceutical ingredients due to their potential health benefits, but the intermediate signals through which environmental or developmental cues regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Fleshy fruits have become a good system for studying the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and exploring the mechanism underlying pigment metabolism is valuable for controlling fruit ripening. RESULTS The present study revealed that ABA accumulated during Lycium fruit ripening, and this accumulation was positively correlated with the anthocyanin contents and the LbNCED1 transcript levels. The application of exogenous ABA and of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridon increased and decreased the content of anthocyanins in Lycium fruit, respectively. This is the first report to show that ABA promotes the accumulation of anthocyanins in Lycium fruits. The variations in the anthocyanin content were consistent with the variations in the expression of the genes encoding the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor complex or anthocyanin biosynthesis-related enzymes. Virus-induced LbNCED1 gene silencing significantly slowed fruit coloration and decreased both anthocyanin and ABA accumulation during Lycium fruit ripening. An qRT-PCR analysis showed that LbNCED1 gene silencing clearly reduced the transcript levels of both structural and regulatory genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, a model of ABA-mediated development-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration during Lycium fruit maturation was proposed. In this model, the developmental cues transcriptionally activates LbNCED1 and thus enhances accumulation of the phytohormone ABA, and the accumulated ABA stimulates transcription of the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor complex to upregulate the expression of structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and thereby promoting anthocyanin production and fruit coloration. Our results provide a valuable strategy that could be used in practice to regulate the ripening and quality of fresh fruit in medicinal and edible plants by modifying the phytohormone ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Beibei Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
| | - Zixin Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002 China
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13
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Olivati C, de Oliveira Nishiyama YP, de Souza RT, Janzantti NS, Mauro MA, Gomes E, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I, da Silva R, Lago-Vanzela ES. Effect of the pre-treatment and the drying process on the phenolic composition of raisins produced with a seedless Brazilian grape cultivar. Food Res Int 2019; 116:190-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Ju YL, Yang BH, He S, Tu TY, Min Z, Fang YL, Sun XY. Anthocyanin accumulation and biosynthesis are modulated by regulated deficit irrigation in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis Vinifera L.) grapes and wines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:469-479. [PMID: 30473422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins contents and compositions play an important role in grape berries and wines. Grapevines are widely cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas, and water shortage restricts the development of wine industry. The aim of this work was to gain insight on the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the accumulation and biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis Vinifera L.) grapes and wines. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for anthocyanins profiles analyses and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for the genes expressions measurement. The grapevines were treated with 60% (RDI-1), 70% (RDI-2), 80% (RDI-3), 100% (CK, traditional drip irrigation) of their estimated evapotranspiration (ETc) respectively. RDI treatments significantly reduced titration acid and increased pH with higher total soluble solids. RDI-1 treatment increased total anthocyanins contents in berries and wines in both two vintages. RDI-1 and RDI-2 treatments significantly increased the contents of acylated anthocyanins in berries and wines, especially Malvidin-3-acetly-glucoside. RDI treatments significantly increased non-acylated anthocyanins contents in wines, such as Delphinidin-3-gliucoside and Malvidin-3-glucoside. RDI treatments upregulated the expressions of VvPAL, VvC4H, VvCHS, VvF3'H, VvF3'5'H, VvLDOX, and VvOMT in both two vintages. Correlation analysis showed the accumulation of anthocyanins was closely related to the key genes expressions, including VvPAL, VvF3'H, VvF3'5'H etc. The present results provided direct evidence and detailed data to explain that RDI treatments regulated the accumulation of anthocyanins by regulating genes expressions in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lun Ju
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Bo-Han Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shuang He
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Tu
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhuo Min
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yu-Lin Fang
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Sun
- College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Duan B, Song C, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Shi P, Meng J, Zhang Z. Dynamic changes in anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grown during the rainy season under rain-shelter cultivation. Food Chem 2019; 283:404-413. [PMID: 30722891 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry coloring mechanism in response to seasonal rain during grape ripening remains poorly understood. Therefore, anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation, dynamic changes in anthocyanin accumulation, biosynthetic enzyme activities, and related gene expression patterns were investigated in Cabernet Sauvignon grown under rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation. Results showed that anthocyanin biosynthesis was strongly repressed during the rainy season. Environmental fluctuation from seasonal rain provoked metabolic responses in grapes, and there was a significantly greater accumulation of most of the anthocyanins, mainly the compositions of non-acylated and non-methylated, under rain-shelter cultivation; these findings indicate that rain-shelter cultivation may help improve tolerance to seasonal rain-induced stresses. Obvious resilience was observed in anthocyanins of open-field-cultivated grapes at harvest. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated strong correlations between anthocyanin contents, CHI and DFR activities, and VvMYB5b transcriptional level. These findings provide novel insight into the crucial factors that directly modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and consequently control grape coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Duan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Changzheng Song
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yimei Zhao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pengbao Shi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiangfei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Torres N, Antolín MC, Goicoechea N. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis as a Promising Resource for Improving Berry Quality in Grapevines Under Changing Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:897. [PMID: 30008729 PMCID: PMC6034061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and their resulting impacts are becoming a concern for winegrowers due to the high socioeconomic relevance of the winemaking sector worldwide. In fact, the projected climate change is expected to have detrimental impacts on the yield of grapevines, as well as on the quality and properties of grapes and wine. It is well known that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve the nutritional quality of edible parts of crops and play essential roles in the maintenance of host plant fitness under stressed environments, including grapevines. The future scenarios of climate change may also modify the diversity and the growth of AMF in soils as well as the functionality of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on the effects of climate change on grapevine metabolism, paying special attention to the secondary compounds involved in the organoleptic properties of grapes and wines and to the levels of the phytohormones implied in the control of berry development and fruit ripening. In this context, the potential role of AMF for maintaining fruit quality in future climate change scenarios is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Delgado Cuzmar P, Salgado E, Ribalta-Pizarro C, Olaeta JA, López E, Pastenes C, Cáceres-Mella A. Phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon wines: effect of water stress and harvest date. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Delgado Cuzmar
- Escuela de Agronomía; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Calle San Francisco s/n. La Palma, Casilla 4-D Quillota Chile
| | - Eduardo Salgado
- Escuela de Agronomía; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Calle San Francisco s/n. La Palma, Casilla 4-D Quillota Chile
| | - Camila Ribalta-Pizarro
- Centro Regional de Innovación Hortofrutícola de Valparaíso (Ceres); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma Quillota Chile
| | - José A. Olaeta
- Escuela de Agronomía; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Calle San Francisco s/n. La Palma, Casilla 4-D Quillota Chile
| | - Eugenio López
- Escuela de Agronomía; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Calle San Francisco s/n. La Palma, Casilla 4-D Quillota Chile
| | - Claudio Pastenes
- Universidad de Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas; Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Casilla 1004 Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro Cáceres-Mella
- Escuela de Agronomía; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Calle San Francisco s/n. La Palma, Casilla 4-D Quillota Chile
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