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Hu W, Liu J, Liu T, Zhu C, Wu F, Jiang C, Wu Q, Chen L, Lu H, Shen G, Zheng H. Exogenous calcium regulates the growth and development of Pinus massoniana detecting by physiological, proteomic, and calcium-related genes expression analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:1122-1136. [PMID: 36907700 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pinus massoniana is an important industrial crop tree species commonly used for timber and wood pulp for papermaking, rosin, and turpentine. This study investigated the effects of exogenous calcium (Ca) on P. massoniana seedling growth, development, and various biological processes and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that Ca deficiency led to severe inhibition of seedling growth and development, whereas adequate exogenous Ca markedly improved growth and development. Many physiological processes were regulated by exogenous Ca. The underlying mechanisms involved diverse Ca-influenced biological processes and metabolic pathways. Calcium deficiency inhibited or impaired these pathways and processes, whereas sufficient exogenous Ca improved and benefited these cellular events by regulating several related enzymes and proteins. High levels of exogenous Ca facilitated photosynthesis and material metabolism. Adequate exogenous Ca supply relieved oxidative stress that occurred at low Ca levels. Enhanced cell wall formation, consolidation, and cell division also played a role in exogenous Ca-improved P. massoniana seedling growth and development. Calcium ion homeostasis and Ca signal transduction-related gene expression were also activated at high exogenous Ca levels. Our study facilitates the elucidation of the potential regulatory role of Ca in P. massoniana physiology and biology and is of guiding significance in Pinaceae plant forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Tingwu Liu
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528051, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongling Lu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hailei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
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He L, Ding X, Jin H, Zhang H, Cui J, Chu J, Li R, Zhou Q, Yu J. Comparison of rockwool and coir for greenhouse cucumber production: chemical element, plant growth, and fruit quality. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10930. [PMID: 36262298 PMCID: PMC9573875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing rockwool with more sustainable materials, such as coir, is an effective measure to improve the sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse. To comprehensively assess the feasibility of coir before using it widely, coir was compared to rockwool as a cucumber cultivation substrate to evaluate its performance on mineral elements in the substrates, drainage, and in the plants. Plant growth, amino acids, and flavor substances of cucumber fruits were also compared between the two substrates. Compared to rockwool, coir significantly increased the LAI and yield of cucumber crops as well as contents of Ca, Mg, S, Cl and Zn in leaves and fruits. Contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, and B in the substrate were higher for coir while those of Fe, Cu, and Mn in the drainage lower. Moreover, coir also significantly increased contents of amino acids (His, Leu, Ile, Phe, Lys, Asp, Glu and Pro) and flavor substance (TC, PS, TP, CLL, CuB, and LA) in cucumber fruits. Our results demonstrated the potential of coir as a replacement of rockwool to improve sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jiawei Cui
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Shaoxing Agricultural Products Testing Center, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Rongguang Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,Shanghai Dushi Green Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China,Corresponding author.
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Alleviative effects of nitric oxide on Vigna radiata seedlings under acidic rain stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2243-2251. [PMID: 33689094 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulatory molecule in plants, its function in plants under conditions of simulated acid rain (SAR) has not been fully established yet. In this study, exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at three different concentrations were applied to mung bean seedlings. Malondialdehyde (MDA), NO, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activities, and nitrate reductases (NR) were measured. Real time PCR was used to measure the NR expression. Compared to the control, the NR activity and NO content under the pH 2 SAR decreased by 79% and 85.6% respectively. Meanwhile, the SAR treatment reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while increased MDA content. Application of SNP could potentially reverse the adverse impact of SAR, depending on its concentration. For plants under the pH 2 SAR and 0.25 mM SNP condition, the activities of SOD, POD, APX increased by 123%, 291%, and 135.7% respectively, meanwhile, MDA concentration decreased by 43%, NR activities increased by 269%, and NO concentration increased by 123.6% compared with plants undergoing only pH 2 SAR. The relative expression of the NR1 gene was 2.69 times higher than that of pH 2 SAR alone. Overall, the application of 0.25 mM SNP eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by stimulating antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating the toxic effects of SAR on mung bean seedlings. This research provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism of NO on plants under SAR conditions.
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Physiological and Molecular Responses to Acid Rain Stress in Plants and the Impact of Melatonin, Glutathione and Silicon in the Amendment of Plant Acid Rain Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040862. [PMID: 33562098 PMCID: PMC7915782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has been a long-term problem, especially in urban areas, that eventually accelerates the formation of acid rain (AR), but recently it has emerged as a serious environmental issue worldwide owing to industrial and economic growth, and it is also considered a major abiotic stress to agriculture. Evidence showed that AR exerts harmful effects in plants, especially on growth, photosynthetic activities, antioxidant activities and molecular changes. Effectiveness of several bio-regulators has been tested so far to arbitrate various physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants under different diverse sorts of environmental stresses. In the current review, we showed that silicon (tetravalent metalloid and semi-conductor), glutathione (free thiol tripeptide) and melatonin (an indoleamine low molecular weight molecule) act as influential growth regulators, bio-stimulators and antioxidants, which improve plant growth potential, photosynthesis spontaneity, redox-balance and the antioxidant defense system through quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly and/or indirectly under AR stress conditions. However, earlier research findings, together with current progresses, would facilitate the future research advancements as well as the adoption of new approaches in attenuating the consequence of AR stress on crops, and might have prospective repercussions in escalating crop farming where AR is a restraining factor.
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Pignattelli S, Broccoli A, Piccardo M, Felline S, Terlizzi A, Renzi M. Short-term physiological and biometrical responses of Lepidium sativum seedlings exposed to PET-made microplastics and acid rain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111718. [PMID: 33396049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics enter in terrestrial natural system primarily by agricultural purposes, while acid rain is the result of anthropogenic activities. The synergistic effects of microplastics and acid rain on plant growth are not known. In this study, different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acid rain are tested on Lepidium sativum, in two separate experimental sets. In the first one we treated plants only with PET, in the second one we used PET and acid rain together. In both experimentations we analyzed: i) plant biometrical parameters (shoot height, leaf number, percentage inhibition of seed germination, fresh biomass), and ii) oxidative stress responses (hydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione). Results carried out from our experiments highlighted that different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate are able to affect plant growth and physiological responses, with or without acid rain supplied during acute toxicity (6 days). SHORT DESCRIPTION: This study showed that different sizes of PET microplastics affect physiological and biometrical responses of Lepidum sativum seedlings, with or without acid rain; roots and leaves responded differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pignattelli
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, SI-5000 Rožna Dolina, Nova Gorica, Slovenia; Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy
| | - Andrea Broccoli
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy
| | - Manuela Piccardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Zhang C, Yi X, Gao X, Wang M, Shao C, Lv Z, Chen J, Liu Z, Shen C. Physiological and biochemical responses of tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis) to simulated acid rain conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110315. [PMID: 32058162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis), widely planted in the south of China, and often exposed to acid rain. However, research concerning the impacts of acid rain on physiology and biochemistry of tea plants is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the influence of simulated acid rain (SAR) on plant height, root length, photosynthetic pigment, Fv/Fm, proline, malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme activity, total nitrogen, caffeine, catechins, and free amino acids. Our results showed that SAR at pH 4.5 did not hinder plant development because growth characteristics, photosynthesis, and ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities did not decrease at this pH compared to those at the other investigated pH values. However, at pH 3.5 and pH 2.5, the activities of antioxidase and concentrations of malondialdehyde and proline increased significantly in response to the decrease of photosynthetic pigments and Fv/Fm. In addition, the increase in acidity increased total nitrogen, certain amino acid content (theanine, cysteine), and decreased catechin and caffeine contents, resulting in an imbalance of the carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Our results indicated that SAR at pH 3.5 and pH 2.5 could restrict photosynthesis and the antioxidant defense system, causing metabolic disorders and ultimately affecting plant development and growth, but SAR at pH 4.5 had no toxic effects on tea seedlings when no other stress factors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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Bhuyan MHMB, Hasanuzzaman M, Mahmud JA, Hossain MS, Alam MU, Fujita M. Explicating physiological and biochemical responses of wheat cultivars under acidity stress: insight into the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:865-879. [PMID: 31402814 PMCID: PMC6656837 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidity causes proton (H+) rhizotoxicity, inhibits plant growth and development, and is a major yield-limiting factor for wheat production worldwide. Therefore, we investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to acidity stress in vitro. Five popular wheat cultivars developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), namely, BARI Gom-21, BARI Gom-24, BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, and BARI Gom-30, were studied in growing media under four different pH levels (3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5). We evaluated the cultivars based on their relative water content, proline (Pro) content, growth, biomass accumulation, oxidative damage, membrane stability, and mineral composition, as well as the performance of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Although decrements of pH significantly reduced the tested morphophysiological and biochemical attributes in all the cultivars, there was high variability among the cultivars in response to the varying pH of the growing media. Acidity stress reduced growth, biomass, water content, and chlorophyll content in all the cultivars. However, BARI Gom-26 showed the least damage, with the lowest H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and greater membrane stability, which indicate better tolerance against oxidative damage. In addition, the antioxidant defense components, ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and their redox balance were higher in this cultivar. Maximum H2O2 scavenging due to upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes [AsA peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), GSH reductase (GR), GSH peroxidase (GPX), and GSH-S-transferase (GST)] was observed in BARI Gom-26, which also illustrated significant enhancement of methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification by upregulating glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II). This study also showed that balanced essential nutrient content as well as lower toxic micronutrient content was found in BARI Gom-26. Therefore, considering the physiological and biochemical attributes and growth, we conclude that BARI Gom-26 can withstand acidity stress during the early seedling stage, by regulating the coordinated action of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems as well as maintaining nutrient balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Jubayer Al Mahmud
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Mazhar Ul Alam
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
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