Nuclear fuel cycle - developments and challenges in fuel fabrication technology in India

Suitability and Applications of Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Analytical Characterization of Nuclear Materials

The suitability and applications of Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) for characterization of nuclear materials are numerous. TXRF has been successfully applied for trace, minor and major determinations of constituents in nuclear materials such as fuel, clad, control rod, coolant, etc. The two major advantages of TXRF i.e. requirement of very small sample for analysis and non-requirement of matrix matched standards, make this technique further more attractive and suitable for nuclear industry. The applications of TXRF for trace analysis in nuclear materials such as fuel, clad, coolant and control rods are described in detail along with its applications for determination of major and speciation studies in TXRF mode.

Kinetic studies of isothermal decomposition of (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3 to uranium oxide

The ammonium uranyl carbonate, (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3, is an important material used in UO2 and U3O8 ceramics production for the nuclear fuel fabrication. Thermal study and kinetic analysis of ammonium uranyl carbonate conversion under isothermal conditions has been studied in air atmosphere to obtain the tri-uranium octoxide (U3O8), using muffle furnace equipment, UV–visible spectrophotometer, gas adsorption, Hg porosimetry, laser granulometry, and optic spectroscopy. The textural properties (specific surface area, morphology, pore size, grain size, inter-particular porosity, and intra-particular porosity) and characteristics (uranium content and stoichiometry) of the prepared samples were estimated from the physical–chemical characterization. The kinetic parameters were estimated by a fitting of the experimental data. The activation energy Ea, frequency factor A, and reaction rate constants k were calculated from the conventional and iso-conversion kinetic models and were within the range of literature values. The activation energy average values are 36.69 and 30.36 kJ mol−1 by conventional and iso-conversion models, respectively.