Electronic structure of dinuclear iron nitrosyl complexes with different ligands at two iron centers

Nitrosyl iron complexes--synthesis, structure and biology

Nitrosyl complexes of iron are formed in living species in the presence of nitric oxide. They are considered a form in which NO can be stored and stabilized within a living cell. Upon entering a topic in bioinorganic chemistry the researcher faces a wide spectrum of issues concerning synthetic methods, the structure and chemical properties of the complex on the one hand, and its biological implications on the other. The aim of this review is to present the newest knowledge on nitrosyl iron complexes, summarizing the issues that are important for understanding the nature of nitrosyl iron complexes, their possible interactions, behavior in vitro and in vivo, handling of the preparations etc. in response to the growing interest in these compounds. Herein we focus mostly on the dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) due to their prevailing occurrence in NO-treated biological samples. This article reviews recent knowledge on the structure, chemical properties and biological action of DNICs and some mononitrosyls of heme proteins. Synthetic methods are also briefly reviewed.

Spin coupling in Roussin's red and black salts

Although DFT calculations have provided a first-order electronic-structural description for Roussin's red and black salts, a detailed study of spin coupling in these species has yet to be reported. Such an analysis is presented here for the first time, based on broken-symmetry density functional theory (DFT, chiefly OLYP/STO-TZP) calculations. Both the Noodleman and Yamaguchi formulas were used to evaluate the Heisenberg coupling constants (J). Three nitrosylated binuclear clusters were studied: [Fe(2)(NO)(2)(Et-HPTB)(O(2)CPh)](2+) (1; Et-HPTB=N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(N-ethyl-2-benzimidazolylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane), [Fe(NO)(2){Fe(NO)(NS(3))}-S,S'] (2), and Roussin's red salt anion [Fe(2)(NO)(4)(μ-S)(2)](2-) (3). Although the Heisenberg J for 1 is small (≈10(2) cm(-1)), 2 and 3 exhibit J values that are at least an order of magnitude higher (≈10(3) cm(-1)), where the J values refer to the following Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian: ℋ=JS(A)⋅S(B). For Roussin's black salt anion, [Fe(4)(NO)(7)(μ(3)-S)(3)](-) (4), the Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian describing spin coupling between the {FeNO}(7) unit (S(A)=3/2) and the three {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) units (S(B)=S(C)=S(D)=1/2) in [Fe(4)(NO)(7)(μ(3)-S)(3)](-) was assumed to have the form: ℋ=J(12)(S(A)⋅S(B)+S(A)⋅S(C)+S(A)⋅S(D))+J(22)(S(B)⋅S(C)+S(B)⋅S(D)+S(C)⋅S(D)), in which J(12) corresponds to the interaction between the apical iron and a basal iron, and J(22) refers to that between any two basal iron centers. Although the basal-basal coupling constant J(22) was found to be small (≈10(2) cm(-1)), the apical-basal coupling constant J(12) is some forty times higher (≈4000 cm(-1)). Thus, the nitrosylated iron-sulfur clusters feature some exceptionally high J values relative to the non-nitrosylated {2Fe2S} and {4Fe4S} clusters. An analysis of spin-dependent bonding energies shed light on this curious feature. In essence, the energy difference between the high-spin (i.e., ferromagnetically coupled iron sites) and low-spin (i.e., maximum spin coupling) states of Roussin's salts are indeed rather similar to those of analogous non-nitrosylated iron-sulfur clusters. However, the individual Fe(NO)(x) (x=1, 2) site spins are lower in the nitrosylated systems, resulting in a smaller denominator in both the Noodleman and Yamaguchi formulas for J, which in turn translates into the very high J values.

Density functional theory calculations on Mössbauer parameters of nonheme iron nitrosyls

Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on transition metal nitrosyls often reveal unusual spin density profiles, involving substantial spatial separation of majority and minority spin densities. Against this context, there is a significant lack of studies where DFT calculations have been quantitatively calibrated against experimental spectroscopic properties. Reported herein are DFT calculations of Mössbauer isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings for 21 nonheme iron complexes (26 distinct iron sites) including 9 iron nitrosyls. Low- (S = 1/2) and high-spin (S = 3/2) {FeNO}(7) complexes, S = 1/2 {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) species, and polynuclear iron nitrosyls are all represented within the set of compounds examined. The general conclusion with respect to isomer shifts is that DFT (OLYP/STO-TZP) performs comparably well for iron nitrosyls and for iron complexes in general. However, quadrupole splittings are less accurately reproduced for nitrosyl complexes.