Syntheses and characterization of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ binding capability of histidinehydroxamic acid derivatives

Diversity in the Interaction of Amino Acid- and Peptide-Based Hydroxamic Acids with Some Platinum Group Metals in Solution

Complexes that incorporate both ligand(s) and metal(s) exhibiting cytotoxic activity can especially be interesting to develop multifunctional drug molecules with desired activities. In this review, the limited number of solution results collected in our laboratory on the complexes of Pd(II) and two other platinum group metals—the half-sandwich type, [(η⁶-p-cym)Ru(H₂O)₃]²⁺, and [(η⁵-Cp*)Rh(H₂O)₃]²⁺—with hydroxamic acid derivatives of three amino acids, two imidazole analogues, and four small peptides are summarized and evaluated. Unlike the limited number of coordination sites of these metal ions (four and three for Pd(II) and the organometallic cations, respectively), the ligands discussed here offer a relatively high number of donor atoms as well as variation in their position within the ligands, resulting in a large versatility of the likely coordination modes. The review, besides presenting the solution equilibrium results, also discusses the main factors, such as (N,N) versus (O,O) chelate; size of chelate; amino-N versus imidazole-N; primary versus secondary hydroxamic function; differences between hydrolytic ability of the metal ions studied; and hydrolysis of the coordinated peptide hydroxamic acids in their Pd(II) complexes, which all determine the coordination modes present in the complexes formed in measurable concentrations in these systems. The options for the quantitative evaluation of metal binding effectivity and selectivity of the various ligands and the comparison with each other by using solution equilibrium data are also discussed.

Metallacrowns as products of the aqueous medium self-assembly of histidinehydroxamic acid-containing polypeptides

Self-assembly is a widely studied, spontaneous, and reversible phenomenon leading to the formation of the ordered structures by non-covalent specific interactions among starting molecules. In this work, a new template for the self-assembly of polypeptides based on peptides containing the C-terminal histidinehydroxamic acid moiety and Cu(2+) ions is characterized. Two peptide (tripeptide and pentadecapeptide) hydroxamic acid systems were synthesized and their interactions with Cu(2+) ions were investigated, revealing a high stability of the supramolecular assemblies formed. The supramolecular metallacrown-based L4Cu5 complexes exist at physiological pH in the presence of Cu(2+) ions as is evidenced from the spectroscopic methods, ESI mass spectrometry, and physicochemical techniques.

The mass spectrometric study on aminohydroxamic acids-based metallacrowns

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used to detect noncovalent interactions in supramolecular compounds, especially in biological systems. In our work, we present the application of the electrospray ionization MS technique to characterize the metallamacrocycles, known as metallacrowns. This project involves investigations of the aminohydroxamic acids structure and chirality influence on formation of ternary 12-metallacrown-4 complexes. For our experiments, we used a series of β-aminohydroxamic acids and derivatives of histidinehydroxamic acid. A high stability of the studied supramolecular systems in the gas phase was confirmed by MS/MS experiments. We also proposed the fragmentation pathways for the studied compounds. Obtained results reveal that the ternary 12-metallacrown-4 formation process is not selective, and ligands of various structures and chiralities can be incorporated into these systems.