1
|
Lorenzon T, Vescovo M, Maiullari M, Tonon G, Conceição NR, Carabineiro SAC, Mahmoud AG, Dietl MC, Demitri N, Orian L, Nogara PA, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Hashmi ASK, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Influence of the charge of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-based ligands on the anticancer activity of organopalladium complexes. RSC Adv 2025; 15:14058-14071. [PMID: 40313314 PMCID: PMC12044415 DOI: 10.1039/d5ra02119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel organopalladium complexes featuring 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA)-based ligands, including several cationic derivatives prepared as hexafluorophosphate salts to prevent halide exchange reactions. The complexes incorporate diverse organopalladium fragments-Pd(ii)-vinyl, Pd(ii)-butadienyl, Pd(ii)-allyl, Pd(ii)-imidoyl, Pd(ii)-aryl, and Pd(0)-alkene-many of which have recently shown promising antitumor activity. Most reactions proceeded rapidly at room temperature under aerobic conditions using non-anhydrous solvents. Biological evaluation against ovarian cancer (A2780), cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer (A2780cis), triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), glioblastoma (U87), and non-cancerous fibroblasts (MRC-5) revealed the remarkable cytotoxicity of the complexes, particularly those with Pd(ii)-butadienyl, Pd(ii)-aryl, and Pd(0)-alkene fragments. These compounds demonstrated activity comparable to or exceeding cisplatin, with some showing up to two orders of magnitude greater efficacy. Importantly, the complexes were highly selective for cancer cells, exhibiting minimal toxicity toward MRC-5 fibroblasts, unlike cisplatin. Complex 14b, that contains a Pd(0)-alkene fragment and two MePTA+ ligands, was the only one that exhibited excellent cytotoxicity across all cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma. These findings underscore the potential of PTA-based organopalladium complexes as selective anticancer agents, warranting further in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as mechanistic investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lorenzon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Maria Vescovo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Michele Maiullari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia-Mestre Italy
| | - Nuno Reis Conceição
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sónia A C Carabineiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Abdallah G Mahmoud
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Martin C Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS Via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS Via Franco Gallini 2 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155 30174 Venezia-Mestre Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahmoud AG, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJ. 3,7-Diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DAPTA) and derivatives: Coordination chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
3
|
Neugebauer M, Schmitz S, Brünink D, Doltsinis NL, Klein A. Dynamics of the efficient cyclometalation of the undercoordinated organoplatinum complex [Pt(COD)(neoPh)] + (neoPh = 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl). NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cyclometalation reaction of [Pt(COD)(κ1-neoPh)]+ (neoPh = 2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) to [Pt(COD)(κ2-neoPh)] was studied experimentally and mechanistically using DFT and MD simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neugebauer
- University of Cologne
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - Simon Schmitz
- University of Cologne
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- University of Cologne
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neugebauer M, Schmitz S, Krause M, L. Doltsinis N, Klein A. Reactions of the organoplatinum complex [Pt(cod) (neoSi)Cl] (neoSi = trimethylsilylmethyl) with the non-coordinating anions SbF6– and BPh4–. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractReactions of the organoplatinum complex [Pt(cod)(neoSi)Cl] (neoSi = (trimethylsilylmethyl) with the Ag(I) salts of oxo or fluoride containing anions A– = NO3–, ClO4–, OTf – (trifluoromethanesulfonate) and SbF6– lead to the desired abstraction of the chlorido ligand and precipitation of AgCl. However, further reaction of the resulting Pt complexes [Pt(cod)(neoSi) (solvent)]+ with diverse N-heterocyclic ligands L such as pyridines, caffeine, and guanine did not yield the targeted complexes [Pt(cod)(neoSi)(L)](A) in most of the cases, but to extensive decomposition yielding [Pt(cod)(Me) (solvent)]+, thus transforming the neoSi into a methyl ligand. A detailed study on the reaction with SbF6– combining DFT calculations with NMR and MS revealed that Pt catalysed decomposition of SbF6‒ and fluorination of the neoSi silicon atom leading to FSiMe3. When reacting the parent complex with Ag(BPh4), the arylated derivative [Pt(cod)(neoSi)(Ph)] was obtained and characterised by multinuclear NMR, MS and single crystal XRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neugebauer
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6, D-50939Köln, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitz
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6, D-50939Köln, Germany
| | - Maren Krause
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6, D-50939Köln, Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6, D-50939Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guerriero A, Peruzzini M, Gonsalvi L. Coordination chemistry of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane (PTA) and derivatives. Part III. Variations on a theme: Novel architectures, materials and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|