Nonlinear optical behavior of neodymium mono- and bi-nuclear phthalocyanines linked to zinc oxide nanoparticles and incorporated into poly acrylic acid

Organometallic complexes of neodymium: an overview of synthetic methodologies based on coordinating elements

Organometallic complexes of neodymium have unique coordinating ability to form both micro and macromolecules as well as metal-based polymers. These complexes have been reported in different fields and play a tremendous role in luminescence, catalytic, biological and magnetic applications. So, the current study will comprise all possible routes for the synthesis of organometallic complexes of neodymium. Neodymium complexes have been synthesized of single, double, triple and tetra linkages with H, C, N, O as well as S, B, and X. The detailed synthetic routes have been classified into four categories but in brief, neodymium forms complexes by reacting metal chloride, nitrate or oxide (hydrated or dehydrated) as precursor along with appropriate ligand. Most applied solvents for neodymium complexes were Toluene and THF. These complexes required a range of temperature based on the nature of complexes as well as linkages. The authors have surveyed the research work published through 2011–2020 and provide a comprehensive overview to understand the synthetic routes of organometallic complexes of neodymium.

Novel Schiff base cobalt(ii) phthalocyanine with appliance of MWCNTs on GCE: enhanced electrocatalytic activity behaviour of α-amino acids

A novel tetra-4-{(E)-[(8-aminonaphthalen-1-yl)imino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol Co(ii) phthalocyanine (CoTANImMMPPc) was synthesized using a precursor protocol and characterized via electroanalytical and spectroscopic techniques. The FT-IR spectra of the synthesized compounds showed significant peaks corresponding to the functional groups of the precursors and phthalocyanine (Pc) compound. The mass and NMR spectra confirmed the formation of the target precursor compounds. A film of CoTANImMMPPc was deposited on the surface of an electrode and applied for the detection and monitoring of l-alanine and l-arginine. The cyclic voltammetric studies of l-alanine and l-arginine using the (CoTANImMMPPc/MWCNTs/GC) electrode showed a linear response in the range of 50–500 nM and the limit of detection was found to be 1.5 and 1.2 nM, respectively. Differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry showed that the catalytic response for l-alanine and l-arginine is in the range of 50–500 nM with an LoD of 1.8 and 2.3 nM, respectively. The oxidation-active CoTANImMMPPc film significantly enhanced the current response in the chronoamperometric method and displayed a selective and sensitive response towards l-alanine and l-arginine in the presence of various other bio-molecules. The developed electrode showed good working stability and was applied for the analysis of real samples, which yielded satisfactory results. Therefore, CoTANImMMPPc-MWCNTs/GCE shows good analytical performance, is economical and produced via a simple synthetic method and can be applied as a sensor for the detection of l-alanine and l-arginine.

A novel CoTANImMMPPc complex was synthesized using a precursor protocol and characterized via electroanalytical and spectroscopic techniques with enhanced electrocatalytic behaviour of α-amino acids.

Two-Dimensional Metal-Polyphthalocyanine Conjugated Porous Frameworks as Promising Optical Limiting Materials

Two-dimensional transition-metal-containing polyphthalocyanine conjugated porous frameworks are synthesized, and transition-metal (TM) ions ranging from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu to In are chosen to combine in phthalocyanine centers to tune their delocalized electronic structure. The fully closed planar delocalized π-conjugated frameworks exhibit efficient nonlinear optical absorption and excellent optical limiting performance under ns pulsed laser. The metal ion (Co, Ni) with ferromagnetism in phthalocyanine center manifests its contribution in enhanced nonlinear optical response through resonance enhancement of the nonlinear excited-state absorption.

Hyperbranched lutecium phthalocyanines grafted ethylenediamine@graphene oxide with enhanced nonlinear optical properties

To enhance the nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide in organic solvent and polymeric matrix, lutecium phthalocyanines (LuPc) and hyperbranched lutecium phthalocyanines (HBLuPc) have been grafted on the surface of graphene oxide, respectively. After the surficial modification, the electron transfer process between phthalocyanines and graphene oxide has been also facilitated, resulting in significant fluorescence quenching. Given the combination of nonlinear scattering, two-photon absorption with reverse saturable absorption and the photo-induced electron or energy transfer from the electron donor (phthalocyanine moiety) to the acceptor (graphene oxide), stronger nonlinear optical properties can be realized based on graphene oxide hybrids compared with graphene oxide and phthalocyanines. Furthermore, graphene oxide hybrid modified by hyperbranched lutecium phthalocyanines exhibits the best optical limiting response and the highest nonlinear extinction coefficient at 532 nm in both organic solvent and polymeric matrix. Interestingly, we also find that it could exhibit better optical limiting properties than those possessed by pure phthalocyanine at 1064 nm.

Optical limiting properties, structure and simplified TD-DFT calculations of scandium tetra-15-crown-5 phthalocyaninates

The optical limiting properties of crown-ether-substituted scandium(III) phthalocyaninate complexes, bis-tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyaninates Sc[(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] (I) and Sc[(15C5)4Pc][Formula: see text] (Ia), together with monophthalocyaninate [(15C5)4Pc]Sc(OAc) (II) were measured by using the Z-scan technique (532 nm laser and pulse rate of 10 ns). It was revealed that expansion of the [Formula: see text]-system on moving from the monomeric Sc complex II to sandwich compound I and changing the electronic state of the sandwich compound from the anionic Ia species to the neutral radical I improves the optical limiting properties. The Im[[Formula: see text]] values obtained lie in the 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text] esu range that is consistent with those reported previously for other organic chromophores. The crystal structure of sandwich Sc(III) complex I was elucidated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and was used to guide a series of theoretical calculations. It was demonstrated that the application of simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT) calculations can provide reasonably accurate predictions for compounds of this type when the geometries of the complexes are clearly defined.

Nonlinear optical properties of polyphthalocyanine porous organic frameworks

sp³-hybridized carbon bridge polyphthalocyanine porous organic frameworks can enhance nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties.

Nonlinear optical behavior of n-tuple decker phthalocyanines at the nanosecond regime: investigation of change in mechanisms

The coordination system of rare-earth n-tuple decker phthalocyanines would be better suited with appropriate metal ions with the correct coordination number and the solvent system of the reaction, amongst other reasons, for the formation of n-tuple decker phthalocyanines. As a result, these complexes are very rare. In this manuscript, we present new n-tuple decker phthalocyanines in the form of double- (complex 2), quadruple- (complex 3a) and sextuple-decker phthalocyanines (complex 3b), all of which contain neodymium and cadmium metal ions. The primary focus is the investigation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) mechanisms responsible for the observed reverse saturable absorption. While the extension of the π-electron system has been found to enhance the nonlinear optical behavior of complexes 3a and 3b, a change in the NLO mechanisms has been observed, with complex 2 lacking the triplet state population, as revealed by a laser flash photolysis technique. It has also been established that the excited state absorption cross sections follow a clear order of magnitude for the complexes under investigation: σ 23 (for 3b) > σ 23 (for 3a) > σ 1m (for 2). This trend evidences the effects of the extension of the π-electron system.

Flying-seed-like liquid crystals 7: Synthesis and mesomorphism of novel octakis(m-chloropyridyloxy) phthalocyanato copper(II) complexes

We have synthesized three novel octakis([Formula: see text]-chloropyridyloxy)phthalocyaninato copper(II) complexes, [x-PyO(m-Cl)][Formula: see text]PcCu([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 2, 3, 4: 2a–2c), keeping a chlorine atom at the meta position on the 2-, 3- and 4-pyridyloxy group, in which the nitrogen atom is located at the 2-, 3- and 4-positions, respectively. Their phase transition behavior and the mesophase structure have been established by using a polarizing optical microscope, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a temperature-dependent small angle X-ray diffractometer. Very interestingly, the mesomorphism appears with strong dependence of the position of nitrogen in [Formula: see text]-chloropyridyloxy group. The derivative [3-PyO(m-Cl)][Formula: see text]PcCu (2b) introduced a nitrogen atom at the 3-position is not mesogenic but crystalline. On the other hand, the derivative [2-PyO(m-Cl)][Formula: see text]PcCu (2a) introduced a nitrogen atom at the 2-position shows columnar mesomorphism only at very high temperatures over 325°C. The derivative [4-PyO(m-Cl)][Formula: see text]PcCu (2c) introduced a nitrogen atom at the 4-position shows columnar mesomorphism in a very wide temperature region from rt to the decomposition temperature at 306°C. From the viewpoint of N…Cl halogen bond, we have discussed about relationship between their mesomorphism and the position of nitrogen atom in [Formula: see text]-chloropyridyloxy group.

Comparative studies on photophysical and optical limiting characterizations of low symmetry phthalocyanine linked to Fe3O4–Ag core–shell or hybrid nanoparticles

Zinc phthalocyanine was linked to Fe₃O₄/Ag core–shell or Fe₃O₄Ag hybrid heterodimer nanoparticles with improved nonlinear optical behavior.