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Luo XM, Li YK, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Platonic and Archimedean solids in discrete metal-containing clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:383-444. [PMID: 36533405 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00582d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-containing clusters have attracted increasing attention over the past 2-3 decades. This intense interest can be attributed to the fact that these discrete metal aggregates, whose atomically precise structures are resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), often possess intriguing geometrical features (high symmetry, aesthetically pleasing shapes and architectures) and fascinating physical properties, providing invaluable opportunities for the intersection of different disciplines including chemistry, physics, mathematical geometry and materials science. In this review, we attempt to reinterpret and connect these fascinating clusters from the perspective of Platonic and Archimedean solid characteristics, focusing on highly symmetrical and complex metal-containing (metal = Al, Ti, V, Mo, W, U, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, lanthanoids (Ln), and actinoids) high-nuclearity clusters, including metal-oxo/hydroxide/chalcogenide clusters and metal clusters (with metal-metal binding) protected by surface organic ligands, such as thiolate, phosphine, alkynyl, carbonyl and nitrogen/oxygen donor ligands. Furthermore, we present the symmetrical beauty of metal cluster structures and the geometrical similarity of different types of clusters and provide a large number of examples to show how to accurately describe the metal clusters from the perspective of highly symmetrical polyhedra. Finally, knowledge and further insights into the design and synthesis of unknown metal clusters are put forward by summarizing these "star" molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ming Luo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya-Ke Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Lee HB, Ciolkowski N, Winslow C, Rittle J. High Spin Cobalt Complexes Supported by a Trigonal Tris(Phosphinimide) Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11830-11837. [PMID: 34320321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Terminal, π-basic moieties occupy a prominent position in the stabilization of unusual or reactive inorganic species. The electron-releasing, π-basic properties of phosphinimides (PN) have been employed to stabilize electron-deficient early transition metals and lanthanides. In principle, a ligand field comprised of terminal PN groups should enable access to high-valent states of late first row transition metals. Herein, we report a new class of multidentate phosphinimide ligands to logically explore this hypothesis. Access to such ligands is made possible by a new procedure for the electrophilic amination of rigid, sterically encumbering, multidentate phosphines. Such frameworks facilitate terminal PN coordination to cobalt as demonstrated by the synthesis of a trinuclear CoII3 complex and a homoleptic, three-coordinate CoIII complex. Interestingly, the CoIII complex exhibits an exceedingly rare S = 2 ground state. Combined XRD, magnetic susceptibility, and DFT studies highlight that terminally bound PNs engage in strong dπ-pπ interactions that present a weak ligand field appropriate to stabilize high-spin states of late transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Beom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas Ciolkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Charles Winslow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan Rittle
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Argent SP, da Silva I, Greenaway A, Savage M, Humby J, Davies AJ, Nowell H, Lewis W, Manuel P, Tang CC, Blake AJ, George MW, Markevich AV, Besley E, Yang S, Champness NR, Schröder M. Porous Metal-Organic Polyhedra: Morphology, Porosity, and Guest Binding. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15646-15658. [PMID: 33044820 PMCID: PMC7610226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Designing
porous materials which can selectively adsorb CO2 or CH4 is an important environmental and industrial
goal which requires an understanding of the host–guest interactions
involved at the atomic scale. Metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs)
showing permanent porosity upon desolvation are rarely observed. We
report a family of MOPs (Cu-1a, Cu-1b, Cu-2), which derive their permanent porosity from cavities
between packed cages rather than from within the polyhedra. Thus,
for Cu-1a, the void fraction outside the cages totals
56% with only 2% within. The relative stabilities of these MOP structures
are rationalized by considering their weak nondirectional packing
interactions using Hirshfeld surface analyses. The exceptional stability
of Cu-1a enables a detailed structural investigation
into the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 using in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction, coupled with DFT
calculations. The primary binding sites for adsorbed CO2 and CH4 in Cu-1a are found to be the open
metal sites and pockets defined by the faces of phenyl rings. More
importantly, the structural analysis of a hydrated sample of Cu-1a reveals a strong hydrogen bond between the adsorbed
CO2 molecule and the Cu(II)-bound water molecule, shedding
light on previous empirical and theoretical observations that partial
hydration of metal−organic framework (MOF) materials containing
open metal sites increases their uptake of CO2. The results
of the crystallographic study on MOP–gas binding have been
rationalized using DFT calculations, yielding individual binding energies
for the various pore environments of Cu-1a. We report a family of metal−organic polyhedra (MOP),
which derive their permanent porosity from cavities between packed
cages rather than from within the polyhedra. The relative stabilities
of these MOP structures are rationalized by considering their weak
nondirectional packing interactions using Hirshfeld surface analysis.
A detailed structural investigation into the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 is reported using in situ X-ray and neutron diffraction, coupled with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ivan da Silva
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Alex Greenaway
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,R92 Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Mathew Savage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jack Humby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Andrew J Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Harriott Nowell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alexander V Markevich
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Dutta N, Giri GC, Haldar S, Vijaykumar G, Stewart CD, Carrella L, Musie GT, Bera M. Carboxylate Bridge Controlled Formation of Tetra‐ and Pentanuclear Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy and Magnetic Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nityananda Dutta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal- 741235 India
| | - Gopal C. Giri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal- 741235 India
| | - Shobhraj Haldar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal- 741235 India
| | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education & Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur West Bengal- 741246 INDIA
| | - Christopher D. Stewart
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas 78249 USA
| | - Luca Carrella
- Institut fur Anorganische Chemie und Analytische ChemieJohannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ghezai T. Musie
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas 78249 USA
| | - Manindranath Bera
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia West Bengal- 741235 India
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