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Vibert C, Fayolle B, Ricard D, Dupont AL. Decoupling hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose in permanent paper aged under atmospheric conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120727. [PMID: 36925252 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate a synergetic role of water and oxygen in the degradation of permanent paper in archiving climate, accelerated ageing in three different conditions was conducted: humid air, humid nitrogen and dry air. This allowed to decouple acid-catalysed hydrolysis versus oxidation of cellulose. After ensuring the reliability of the ageing experiment, the degradation state of the paper was assessed. Various techniques (size exclusion chromatography, pH extraction, alkaline reserve, paper colour and water content) were used. It appeared that the cellulose scission rate of the Canson® permanent paper was reduced compared to the Whatman No. 40 acidic cotton paper used as reference, but not in the same proportion for all the ageing conditions. This was attributed to a lower acidification, inhibiting acid-catalysed hydrolysis, due to the presence of the alkaline reserve. The degradation mechanisms are the same for both papers, which exhibited a similar chemical and physical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vibert
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France; ANDRA, French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, F-92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS UAR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Fayolle
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Denise Ricard
- ANDRA, French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency, F-92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS UAR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France.
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2
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Gorgolis G, Ziemann S, Kotsidi M, Paterakis G, Koutroumanis N, Tsakonas C, Anders M, Galiotis C. Novel Graphene-Based Materials as a Tool for Improving Long-Term Storage of Cultural Heritage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093528. [PMID: 37176409 PMCID: PMC10180220 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The very serious problem of temperature and humidity regulation, especially for small and medium-sized museums, galleries, and private collections, can be mitigated by the introduction of novel materials that are easily applicable and of low cost. Within this study, archive boxes with innovative technology are proposed as "smart" boxes that can be used for storage and transportation, in combination with a nanocomposite material consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO). The synthesis and characterization of the PVA/GO structure with SEM, Raman, AFM, XRD, Optical Microscopy, and profilometry are fully discussed. It is shown that the composite material can be integrated into the archive box either as a stand-alone film or attached onto fitting carriers, for example, those made of corrugated board. By applying the PVA/GO membrane this way, even with strong daily temperature fluctuations of ΔT = ±24.1 °C, strong external humidity fluctuations can be reduced by -87% inside the box. Furthermore, these humidity regulators were examined as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) adsorbers since gas pollutants like formic acid, formaldehyde, acetic acid, and acetaldehyde are known to exist in museums and induce damages in the displayed or stored items. High rates of VOC adsorption have been measured, with the highest ones corresponding to formic acid (521% weight increase) and formaldehyde (223% weight increase).
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gorgolis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Steffen Ziemann
- Zentrum für Bucherhaltung GmbH (ZFB), Bücherstraße 1, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Kotsidi
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Paterakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos Koutroumanis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Tsakonas
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Manfred Anders
- Zentrum für Bucherhaltung GmbH (ZFB), Bücherstraße 1, 04347 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Street, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Alam I, Sharma C. Degradation of paper products due to volatile organic compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6426. [PMID: 37081061 PMCID: PMC10119123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper and packaging materials a lignocellulose-based natural biodegradable polymer that spontaneously releases acetic acid, aldehydes, alcohol, and ester-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) upon ageing and these VOCs start degrading the paper products and decline their mechanical strength properties. The reactivity of the paper of unbleached wheat straw pulp towards acetic acid and hexanal, which has been proven to have more degrading effects on paper than other VOCs, was considered in this work. The papers were exposed to these volatile compounds for 90 days in an air-tight vessel under ambient environmental conditions. The results showed that hexanal was more destructive than acetic acid with regards to cellulose degradation and depletion in the mechanical strength properties. The paper properties like, tensile, tear and burst index, viscosity, pH and carbonyl group content was measured. The growth of the carbonyl group, evidence of the ageing effects in the paper, detected more in the paper exposed to acetic acid. However, the strength of paper properties declined more with hexanal. FE-SEM analysis of the sample showed the development of pores and damage of cellulose fibre upon ageing. Similarly, the damaging effects of VOCs on cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin were confirmed by significantly reduced peak detection through FT-IR \analysis. The high crystallinity index of the paper products due to exposure to VOCs was detected by XRD analysis, which confirmed the degradation of the low molecular weight cellulose molecule. Thus, the results are strongly recommended that VOCs that generates due to natural or artificial ageing could be the leading cause of paper degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Alam
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Chhaya Sharma
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, India.
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Potthast A, Ahn K, Becker M, Eichinger T, Kostic M, Böhmdorfer S, Jeong MJ, Rosenau T. Acetylation of cellulose – Another pathway of natural cellulose aging during library storage of books and papers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Uring P, Chabas A, Alfaro SC. Textile ageing due to atmospheric gases and particles in indoor cultural heritage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66340-66354. [PMID: 34333749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Textile fibre degradation can be due to many factors. The most common cause is light exposure, but upon the lifespan of a textile, many other environmental factors are to be taken into account. This study focuses on the role of atmospheric compounds-both particulate and gaseous species-on natural textiles ageing, more specifically cotton, silk and wool. To achieve this, reference samples of textiles were exposed to contrasted environments (marine, urban and semi-rural museums and historical buildings) for natural ageing. These conditions were also reproduced in an experimental chamber dedicated to the study of the impact of airborne pollutants on heritage materials. Experimental ageing allowed to highlight degradation mechanisms for each fibre: SO2 and HCOOH cause the cleavage of cotton's glyosidic links and silk's peptide bonds, while NO2 promotes the oxidation of the fibres. The most harmful pollutant towards cotton is NO2 since it causes both its oxidation and hydrolysis. The case of wool is more complicated: HCOOH provokes peptide link cleavage (similarly to silk) but this fibre is less sensitive to SO2 attacks than silk and even seems to be protected against future alterations after having been firstly exposed to this pollutant. In any case, this experimental study evidences that damages caused by gaseous pollutants are fostered by the presence of particles, regardless of the chemical composition of the particle coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Uring
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Chabas
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Stéphane C Alfaro
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université de Paris, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
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Becker M, Ahn K, Bacher M, Xu C, Sundberg A, Willför S, Rosenau T, Potthast A. Comparative hydrolysis analysis of cellulose samples and aspects of its application in conservation science. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:8719-8734. [PMID: 34316103 PMCID: PMC8299441 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Knowledge about the carbohydrate composition of pulp and paper samples is essential for their characterization, further processing, and understanding the properties. In this study, we compare sulfuric acid hydrolysis and acidic methanolysis, followed by GC-MS analysis of the corresponding products, by means of 42 cellulose and polysaccharide samples. Results are discussed and compared to solid-state NMR (crystallinity) and gel permeation chromatography (weight-averaged molecular mass) data. The use of the hydrolysis methods in the context of cellulose conservation science is evaluated, using e-beam treated and artificially aged cellulose samples. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-04048-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Kyujin Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- National Archives of Korea, 30 Daewangpangyo-ro 851beon-gil, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Chunlin Xu
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Sundberg
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
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Influence of lignin content in cellulose pulp on paper durability. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19998. [PMID: 33203985 PMCID: PMC7673017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper degradation on a macroscopic scale is characterised primarily by yellowing, an increase in brittleness, and other destructive changes caused by the hydrolysis of glycoside bonds and oxidation reactions. Until now, lignin has been believed to cause these changes. However, contemporary analysis has not confirmed this assumption and has attributed low paper resistance to ageing with acidification owing to the production in acid environments that involve aluminium sulfate. In view of the common belief this manuscript presents studies on the accelerated ageing of papers with different lignin contents that are produced in neutral environments. To achieve the objective, artificially aged papers under conditions of increased humidity and temperature were investigated using chromatographic (SEC) and spectroscopic (FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy) techniques. Mechanical tests were used to determine the decrease in tensile properties of the samples. We observed no effects of the lignin content on the ageing rate of paper produced at neutral pH. This work also reveals the extent to which spectroscopic methods are useful for studying the papers containing lignin.
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Poggi G, Parmentier A, Nourinaeini S, De Luca F. Detection of acidic paper recovery after alkaline nanoparticle treatment by 2D NMR relaxometry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:902-912. [PMID: 32526806 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose-based artefacts are highly prone to degradation, especially in the presence of acidic compounds, which trigger the depolymerization of cellulose chains and lead to a loss in the original mechanical resistance of the material. Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles dispersed in organic solvent have been recently proposed for the deacidification of cellulose-based artworks. In this work, changes induced on paper by a deacidification treatment, following an acidification bath, were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and by the so-called NMR diffraction of water trapped in the cellulose network. The deacidification treatment modifies intrachain and interchain bonds in hydrolyzed and degraded cellulose, leading to a buffered cellulose network configuration, which is similar to that characterizing the untreated reference sample in terms of relaxation parameters. Overall, calcium hydroxide nanoparticles are demonstrated effective in hindering the degradation of cellulose induced by acids and ageing in strong environmental conditions, even from the standpoint of cellulose network arrangement. It is worth noting, too, that the unilateral NMR device used for the relaxation measurements may represent a powerful tool for the preservation of cellulose-based artworks because it allows for the monitoring of the conservation status of cellulose in a completely non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Poggi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | | | - S Nourinaeini
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F De Luca
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Development of dose-response functions for historic paper degradation using exposure to natural conditions and multivariate regression. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Investigation on the Use of Passive Microclimate Frames in View of the Climate Change Scenario. CLIMATE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cli7080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Passive microclimate frames are exhibition enclosures able to modify their internal climate in order to comply with paintings’ conservation needs. Due to a growing concern about the effects of climate change, future policies in conservation must move towards affordable and sustainable preservation strategies. This study investigated the hygrothermal conditions monitored within a microclimate frame hosting a portrait on cardboard with the aim of discussing its use in view of the climate expected indoors in the period 2041–2070. Its effectiveness in terms of the ASHRAE classification and of the Lifetime Multiplier for chemical deterioration of paper was assessed comparing temperature and relative humidity values simultaneously measured inside the microclimate frame and in its surrounding environment, first in the Pio V Museum and later in a residential building, both located in the area of Valencia (Spain). Moreover, heat and moisture transfer functions were used to derive projections over the future indoor hygrothermal conditions in response to the ENSEMBLES-A1B outdoor scenario. The adoption of microclimate frames proved to be an effective preventive conservation action in current and future conditions but it may not be sufficient to fully avoid the chemical degradation risk without an additional control over temperature.
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Hajji L, Boukir A, Assouik J, Pessanha S, Figueirinhas JL, Carvalho ML. Artificial aging paper to assess long-term effects of conservative treatment. Monitoring by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Curran K, Možir A, Underhill M, Gibson LT, Fearn T, Strlič M. Cross-infection effect of polymers of historic and heritage significance on the degradation of a cellulose reference test material. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pastorelli G, Cucci C, Garcia O, Piantanida G, Elnaggar A, Cassar M, Strlič M. Environmentally induced colour change during natural degradation of selected polymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tétreault J, Dupont AL, Bégin P, Paris S. The impact of volatile compounds released by paper on cellulose degradation in ambient hygrothermal conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Salem N, Abdul-Wahab S, Ali S. Environmental Assessment in Manuscripts Library and Storages of Semi-Active Record at Sultanate of Oman. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/ijkm.2013070105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Indoor environmental factors have been associated with deterioration of vital library and archival assets. The assessment of environmental factors affecting the library and document collections due to their inappropriate levels was the main objective of current study. In order to fulfill this objective the measurements of indoor environmental parameters were taken in manuscripts library and documents storage buildings of various Ministries of Sultanate of Oman. The measured values of these parameters were compared with the permitted values defined in various international standards/guidelines. The results of the study showed that the observed levels of environmental factors inside these buildings were not within the stipulated limits. The quality of indoor air at the studied locations was not appropriate for long term protection and preservation of their precious collections. Hence some preventive measures must be taken to safeguard these documentary assets. Practical implications - The indoor environments of library and archival collection buildings are very important for the protection and preservation of documentary assets. The study provides very useful information about the harmful indoor environmental factors and their effects on vital library and archival collections. This work would definitely help the concerning authorities to take remedial measures to control the inappropriate levels of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Salem
- Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Sappurd Ali
- National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Krupińska B, Worobiec A, Gatto Rotondo G, Novaković V, Kontozova V, Ro CU, Van Grieken R, De Wael K. Assessment of the air quality (NO2, SO2, O3 and particulate matter) in the Plantin-Moretus Museum/Print Room in Antwerp, Belgium, in different seasons of the year. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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