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Mena-Prado I, Reinosa JJ, Fernández-García M, Fernández JF, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Del Campo A. Evaluation of poly(lactic acid) and ECOVIO based biocomposites loaded with antimicrobial sodium phosphate microparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127488. [PMID: 37852395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, biobased composite materials based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as matrices, sodium hexametaphosphate microparticles (E452i, food additive microparticles, 1 and 5 wt%) as antimicrobial filler and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC, 15 wt%) as plasticizer, were developed for potential food packaging applications. Two set of composite films were obtained by melt-extrusion and compression molding, i) based on PLA matrix and ii) based on Ecovio® matrix (PLA/PBAT blend). Thermal characterization by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the incorporation of E452i particles improved thermal stability and crystallinity, while the mechanical test showed an increase in the Young's modulus. E452i particles also provide antimicrobial properties to the films against food-borne bacteria Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, with bacterial reduction percentages higher than 50 % in films with 5 wt% of particles. The films also preserved their disintegradability as demonstrated by an exhaustive characterization of the films under industrial composting conditions. Therefore, the results obtained in this work reveal the potential of these biocomposites as appropriated materials for antibacterial and compostable food packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mena-Prado
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Reinosa
- Encapsulae S.L., C/ Lituania, 10, nave 2, 12006 Castellón, Spain
| | - M Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC), C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC), C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Shi W, Chen Z. Mechanical, rheological, and crystallinity properties of polylactic acid/polyethylene
glycol‐polydimethylsiloxane
copolymer blends by melt blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shi
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhize Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
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3
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Stepanova M, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Modification of Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterials to Improve Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters/Cellulose Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071477. [PMID: 35406349 PMCID: PMC9003142 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters/cellulose composites have attracted a lot attention due to the perspectives of their application in biomedicine and the production of disposable materials, food packaging, etc. Both aliphatic polyesters and cellulose are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which makes them highly promising for the production of “green” composite materials. However, the main challenge in obtaining composites with favorable properties is the poor compatibility of these polymers. Unlike cellulose, which is very hydrophilic, aliphatic polyesters exhibit strong hydrophobic properties. In recent times, the modification of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials is widely considered as a tool to enhance interfacial biocompatibility with aliphatic polyesters and, consequently, improve the properties of composites. This review summarizes the main types and properties of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials as well as aliphatic polyesters used to produce composites with cellulose. In addition, the methods for noncovalent and covalent modification of cellulose materials with small molecules, polymers and nanoparticles have been comprehensively overviewed and discussed. Composite fabrication techniques, as well as the effect of cellulose modification on the mechanical and thermal properties, rate of degradation, and biological compatibility have been also analyzed.
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4
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Ilyas RA, Zuhri MYM, Aisyah HA, Asyraf MRM, Hassan SA, Zainudin ES, Sapuan SM, Sharma S, Bangar SP, Jumaidin R, Nawab Y, Faudzi AAM, Abral H, Asrofi M, Syafri E, Sari NH. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid, Polylactic Acid Blends and Their Composites for Advanced Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:202. [PMID: 35012228 PMCID: PMC8747475 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from lactic acid that has been chiefly utilized in biodegradable material and as a composite matrix material. PLA is a prominent biomaterial that is widely used to replace traditional petrochemical-based polymers in various applications owing environmental concerns. Green composites have gained greater attention as ecological consciousness has grown since they have the potential to be more appealing than conventional petroleum-based composites, which are toxic and nonbiodegradable. PLA-based composites with natural fiber have been extensively utilized in a variety of applications, from packaging to medicine, due to their biodegradable, recyclable, high mechanical strength, low toxicity, good barrier properties, friendly processing, and excellent characteristics. A summary of natural fibers, green composites, and PLA, along with their respective properties, classification, functionality, and different processing methods, are discussed to discover the natural fiber-reinforced PLA composite material development for a wide range of applications. This work also emphasizes the research and properties of PLA-based green composites, PLA blend composites, and PLA hybrid composites over the past few years. PLA's potential as a strong material in engineering applications areas is addressed. This review also covers issues, challenges, opportunities, and perspectives in developing and characterizing PLA-based green composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - M. Y. M. Zuhri
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - S. A. Hassan
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - E. S. Zainudin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab 144603, India;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development and Chandigarh Universiti, Pubjab 140413, India
| | - S. P. Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA;
| | - R. Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia;
| | - Y. Nawab
- Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan;
| | - A. A. M. Faudzi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - H. Abral
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia;
| | - M. Asrofi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, Indonesia;
| | - E. Syafri
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh 26271, Indonesia;
| | - N. H. Sari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia;
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5
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Wang M, Liang X, Wu H, Huang L, Jin G. Super toughed poly (lactic acid)/poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) blends compatibilized by ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Glycidyl methacrylate functionalized star-shaped polylactide for electron beam modification of polylactic acid: Synthesis, irradiation effects and microwave-resistant studies. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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An approach for compatibilization of the starch with poly(lactic acid) and ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl-methacrylate. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:44-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Bonilla J, Sobral PJ. Disintegrability under composting conditions of films based on gelatin, chitosan and/or sodium caseinate containing boldo-of-Chile leafs extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:178-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Rheological and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Abutilon Natural Straw and Polylactic Acid Biocomposites. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8732520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, natural fibers have become attractive materials to engineers, scientists, and researchers as an alternative reinforcement for biocomposites. In this study, polylactic acid/abutilon natural straw biocomposites with various abutilon straw weight fractions were prepared by melt blending. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results showed a significant influence of the abutilon straw on the melting behavior of PLA, even at the low abutilon straw contents. The dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that the storage modulus, as well as tan delta of the biocomposites, increased when the abutilon straw content increases, which indicates better interaction between abutilon natural straw and PLA. The incorporation of abutilon straw into biocomposites provided favorable changes in rheology related to the matrix. SEM observation revealed good dispersion of the abutilon straw in PLA.
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10
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Vernaez O, Neubert KJ, Kopitzky R, Kabasci S. Compatibility of Chitosan in Polymer Blends by Chemical Modification of Bio-based Polyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121939. [PMID: 31775370 PMCID: PMC6961045 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For some applications of bioplastics like food packaging or medical devices, applying additives can be necessary to avoid microbial activity and hinder biofilm or fouling formation. A currently promising additive is chitosan (CS), the deacetylated form of the biogenic scaffolding material chitin. Due to its hydrophilicity, chitosan is not compatible with most of the thermoplastic bio-based polymers like poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). In this work, compatibilization between chitosan and two selected bio-based polyesters, PLA and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), was enhanced by grafting maleic anhydride (MAH) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), respectively, onto polymer chains using peroxide. The success of grafting was confirmed via titration methods. The effects of grafting agent and peroxide concentrations on grafting reaction and the physical and thermal properties of the functionalized polyesters were investigated. Compounding of the functionalized polyesters with different weight portions of chitosan was accomplished in a discontinuous internal mixer by in-situ functionalization, followed by blending with chitosan. The titration method, scanning electron microscopy, DSC, FTIR and mechanical characterization of the composites showed good interfacial adhesion and suggest the formation of covalent bonds between functional groups of the polyesters and chitosan, especially for the samples functionalized with GMA. The molecular weights (Mw) of the samples showed a change in the molecular weight related to the thermal degradation of the sample. The Mw of the samples grafted with MAH are lower than those functionalized with GMA. Furthermore, integration of chitosan into non-functionalized PLA polymer matrix showed a nucleating effect, while for PHBV, the increase of crystallinity with the content of chitosan was only observed for grafted PHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Vernaez
- Bio-based Plastic Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany; (R.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-208-8598-1548
| | - Katharina Julia Neubert
- Fakultät für Angewandte Naturwissenschaften, Technology Arts Sciences Technische Hochschule Köln, Claudiusstr. 1, 50678 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Rodion Kopitzky
- Bio-based Plastic Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany; (R.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Stephan Kabasci
- Bio-based Plastic Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Straße 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany; (R.K.); (S.K.)
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11
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12
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Benali S, Khelifa F, Lerari D, Mincheva R, Habibi Y, Lahem D, Debliquy M, Dubois P. Supramolecular Approach for Efficient Processing of Polylactide/Starch Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1069-1080. [PMID: 31457949 PMCID: PMC6641242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All-biobased and biodegradable nanocomposites consisting of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and starch nanoplatelets (SNPs) were prepared via a new strategy involving supramolecular chemistry, i.e., stereocomplexation and hydrogen-bonding interactions. For this purpose, a poly(d-lactide)-b-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) block copolymer (PDLA-b-PGMA) was first synthesized via the combination of ring-opening polymerization and atom-transfer radical polymerization. NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography analysis confirmed a complete control over the copolymer synthesis. The SNPs were then mixed up with the copolymer for producing a PDLA-b-PGMA/SNPs masterbatch. The masterbatch was processed by solvent casting for which a particular attention was given to the solvent selection to preserve SNPs morphology as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to highlight the copolymer-SNPs supramolecular interactions mostly via hydrogen bonding. The prepared masterbatch was melt-blended with virgin PLLA and then thin films of PLLA/PDLA-b-PGMA/SNPs nanocomposites (ca. 600 μm) were melt-processed by compression molding. The resulting nanocomposite films were deeply characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Our findings suggest that supramolecular interactions based on stereocomplexation between the PLLA matrix and the PDLA block of the copolymer had a synergetic effect allowing the preservation of SNPs nanoplatelets and their morphology during melt processing. Quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis suggested a promising potential of the stereocomplex supramolecular approach in tuning PLLA/SNPs water vapor uptake and mechanical properties together with avoiding PLLA/SNPs degradation during melt processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Benali
- Center
of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Farid Khelifa
- Center
of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Djahida Lerari
- Centre
de recherche scientifique et technique en analyses physico-chimiques, BP 384, CP 42004 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algérie
| | - Rosica Mincheva
- Center
of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Youssef Habibi
- Materials
Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belval Innovation Campus,5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Driss Lahem
- Service
de Science des Matériaux, Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Université de Mons, Rue de l’Épargne 56, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marc Debliquy
- Service
de Science des Matériaux, Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Université de Mons, Rue de l’Épargne 56, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Center
of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Research
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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13
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Bin Y, Yang B, Wang H. The effect of a small amount of modified microfibrillated cellulose and ethylene–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer on the crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of polylactic acid. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Haque MMU, Puglia D, Fortunati E, Pracella M. Effect of reactive functionalization on properties and degradability of poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl acetate) nanocomposites with cellulose nanocrystals. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Bleached extruder chemi-mechanical pulp fiber-PLA composites: Comparison of mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties with those of wood flour-PLA bio-composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Urbina L, Algar I, García-Astrain C, Gabilondo N, González A, Corcuera M, Eceiza A, Retegi A. Biodegradable composites with improved barrier properties and transparency from the impregnation of PLA to bacterial cellulose membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Urbina
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Itxaso Algar
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Clara García-Astrain
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Nagore Gabilondo
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Alba González
- POLYMAT; Department of Polymer Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); P.O. Box 1072 Donostia/San Sebastián 20080 Spain
| | - MaAngeles Corcuera
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Aloña Retegi
- Materials+Technologies Group; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of the Basque Country; Europa Plaza 1 Donostia-San Sebastian 20018 Spain
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17
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Pracella M, Haque MMU, Paci M, Alvarez V. Property tuning of poly(lactic acid)/cellulose bio-composites through blending with modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:515-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Franceschini I, Selmin F, Pagani S, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Nanofiller for the mechanical reinforcement of maltodextrins orodispersible films. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:676-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Kumar Singla R, Maiti SN, Ghosh AK. Fabrication of super tough poly(lactic acid)/ethylene-co-vinyl-acetate blends via a melt recirculation approach: static-short term mechanical and morphological interpretation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The notched Izod impact strength of PLA/EVA blends was enhanced significantly with improved toughness making blends super tough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Singla
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Saurindra N. Maiti
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
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20
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Effect of processing conditions and lignin content on thermal, mechanical and degradative behavior of lignin nanoparticles/polylactic (acid) bionanocomposites prepared by melt extrusion and solvent casting. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Yang W, Dominici F, Fortunati E, Kenny JM, Puglia D. Melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto fully biodegradable poly(lactic) acid films: effect of cellulose nanocrystals and a masterbatch process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the preparation, by means of a masterbatch procedure, of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films via premixing 1% wt of CNC into PLA or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted PLA (g-PLA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yang
- University of Perugia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
| | - Franco Dominici
- University of Perugia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
| | - Elena Fortunati
- University of Perugia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
| | - José M. Kenny
- University of Perugia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
| | - Debora Puglia
- University of Perugia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
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22
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Pracella M, Haque MMU, Puglia D. Morphology and properties tuning of PLA/cellulose nanocrystals bio-nanocomposites by means of reactive functionalization and blending with PVAc. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fortunati E, Luzi F, Puglia D, Dominici F, Santulli C, Kenny J, Torre L. Investigation of thermo-mechanical, chemical and degradative properties of PLA-limonene films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals extracted from Phormium tenax leaves. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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