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Yang J, Song X, Chen D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi J. The improvement of flame retardancy and compatibility of PBAT/PLLA via a hybrid polyurethane. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133057. [PMID: 38866295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly (L-lactic acid) (PBAT/PLLA) is one of the most important biodegradable polymer combinations; however, they are flammable with heavy melt dripping and incompatible. To achieve the objective of flame retardation and compatibility, a hybrid polyurethane (PU) with multiple flame retardation elements is synthesized via a new ring-opening polymerization (ROP) method and integrated into PBAT/PLLA film. The PU not only dissolves in different organic solvents at mild temperature but also improves the compatibility of PBAT/PLLA. As PU with respect to PBAT/PLLA is 20 wt%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 reach 25.5 % and V-0 rating, respectively. In cone calorimeter test, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of PU/PBAT/PLLA is ahead of PBAT/PLLA, and the total heat release (THR) decreases to 25.85 MJ/m2. The fire safety is achieved successfully. The initial pyrolysis of PU promotes the formation of a seed carbon layer; it continuously breaks down into a series of phosphorus‑oxygen radicals and generates different inert gases, while the pyrolytic solid products accelerate the carbonization to form the carbon/silicon composite layer. Then the polymeric combustion is braked completely. Besides, the PU can also tune the mechanical properties of PBAT/PLLA film and enhance its hydrophobicity. This work opens a new window for developing multifunctional flame retardant and paves the way for the richening engineering application of PBAT/PLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China; Jiangxi Center of Modern Apparel Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, China.
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Jiangxi Center of Modern Apparel Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
| | - Yanhe Wang
- Jiangxi Center of Modern Apparel Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Institute of Fashion Technology, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, China
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Wang X, Li D, Dai J, Xue Q, Yang C, Xia L, Qi X, Bao B, Yang S, Xu Y, Yuan C, Luo W, Cabot A, Dai L. Blocking Metal Nanocluster Growth through Ligand Coordination and Subsequent Polymerization: The Case of Ruthenium Nanoclusters as Robust Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309176. [PMID: 38150625 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters providing maximized atomic surface exposure offer outstanding hydrogen evolution activities but their stability is compromised as they are prone to grow and agglomerate. Herein, a possibility of blocking metal ion diffusion at the core of cluster growth and aggregation to produce highly active Ru nanoclusters supported on an N, S co-doped carbon matrix (Ru/NSC) is demonstrated. To stabilize the nanocluster dispersion, Ru species are initially coordinated through multiple Ru─N bonds with N-rich 4'-(4-aminophenyl)-2,2:6',2''-terpyridine (TPY-NH2) ligands that are subsequently polymerized using a Schiff base. After the pyrolysis of the hybrid composite, highly dispersed ultrafine Ru nanoclusters with an average size of 1.55 nm are obtained. The optimized Ru/NSC displays minimal overpotentials and high turnover frequencies, as well as robust durability both in alkaline and acidic electrolytes. Besides, outstanding mass activities of 3.85 A mg-1 Ru at 50 mV, i.e., 16 fold higher than 20 wt.% Pt/C are reached. Density functional theory calculations rationalize the outstanding performance by revealing that the low d-band center of Ru/NSC allows the desorption of *H intermediates, thereby enhancing the alkaline HER activity. Overall, this work provides a feasible approach to engineering cost-effective and robust electrocatalysts based on carbon-supported transition metal nanoclusters for future energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - DongXu Li
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juguo Dai
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
| | - Qian Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chunying Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Long Xia
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xueqiang Qi
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Bingtao Bao
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weiang Luo
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08010, Spain
| | - Lizong Dai
- College of Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang K, Xie K, Bao Y, Li X, Huang J, Li X, Wei W. Improvement in toughness and flame retardancy of bismaleimide/diallyl bisphenol A resin with a eugenol allyl ether-grafted polysiloxane. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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