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1
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Remarkably improved toughness of isotactic polypropylene realized by introducing star-shaped SEBS and annealing treatment. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Dave F, Ali MM, Sherlock R, Kandasami A, Tormey D. Laser Transmission Welding of Semi-Crystalline Polymers and Their Composites: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:675. [PMID: 33668125 PMCID: PMC7956557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives of one of the smart manufacturing techniques of Industry 4.0, laser transmission welding (LTW) of semi-crystalline (SC) polymers and their composites. It is one of the most versatile techniques used to join polymeric components with varying thickness and configuration using a laser source. This article focuses on various parameters and phenomena such as inter-diffusion and microstructural changes that occur due to the laser interaction with SC polymers (specifically polypropylene). The effect of carbon black (size, shape, structure, thermal conductivity, dispersion, distribution, etc.) in the laser absorptive part and nucleating agent in the laser transmissive part and its processing conditions impacting the weld strength is discussed in detail. Among the laser parameters, laser power, scanning speed and clamping pressure are considered to be the most critical. This review also highlights innovative ideas such as incorporating metal as an absorber in the laser absorptive part, hybrid carbon black, dual clamping device, and an increasing number of scans and patterns. Finally, there is presented an overview of the essential characterisation techniques that help to determine the weld quality. This review demonstrates that LTW has excellent potential in polymer joining applications and the challenges including the cost-effectiveness, innovative ideas to provide state-of-the-art design and fabrication of complex products in a wide range of applications. This work will be of keen interest to other researchers and practitioners who are involved in the welding of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram Dave
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.)
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.)
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Richard Sherlock
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Asokan Kandasami
- Materials Science Group, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India; or
| | - David Tormey
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.)
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
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3
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Kong M, Yang Q, Li G. Assessment of compatibilization efficiency of SEBS in the PP/PS blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- Department of Functional Nanocomposites and Blends; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research; Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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4
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Zhang YF, He B, Hou HH, Guo LH. Isothermal Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene Nucleated with a Novel Aromatic Heterocyclic Phosphate Nucleating Agent. J MACROMOL SCI B 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2017.1385360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Bin He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Huan-Huan Hou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Li-Hua Guo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan China
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5
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Preparation and nucleation effects of nucleating agent hexahydrophthalic acid metal salts for isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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The relationship between crystal structure and nucleation effect of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid tris(phenylamide) in isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Zhang YF, Guo LH, Chen H, Liu BB, Gu YH. Properties and Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene Under Action of an Effective Nucleating Agent. J MACROMOL SCI B 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Michell RM, Mugica A, Zubitur M, Müller AJ. Self-Nucleation of Crystalline Phases Within Homopolymers, Polymer Blends, Copolymers, and Nanocomposites. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION I 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Crystallization kinetics behavior, molecular interaction, and impact-induced morphological evolution of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends: insight into toughening mechanism. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Sun M, Gao D, Zhang H, Zou H, Xu M, Zhang S, Li J, Liu J. Toughening effects of nucleating agent on impact polypropylene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Sun
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Gao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry; Beijing 100013 People's Republic of China
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11
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Rungswang W, Thongsak K, Prasansuklarb A, Plailahan K, Saendee P, Rugmai S, Cheevasrirungruang W. Effects of Sodium Salt and Sorbitol-Derivative Nucleating Agents on Physical Properties Related to Crystal Structure and Orientation of Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4039136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonchalerm Rungswang
- SCG
Chemical Co., Ltd., Siam Cement Group (SCG), 10 I-1 Road, Map Ta Phut Industrial
Estate, Muang District, Rayong
Province 21150, Thailand
| | - Kraipop Thongsak
- SCG
Performance Co., Ltd., Siam Cement Group (SCG), 1 Siam Cement
Rd., Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Attaphon Prasansuklarb
- SCG
Plastics Co., Ltd., Siam Cement Group (SCG), 1 Siam Cement Rd., Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Korakot Plailahan
- Thai
Polypropylene Co., Ltd., Siam Cement Group (SCG), 10 I-1 Road, Map
Ta Phut Industrial Estate, Muang District, Rayong Province 21150, Thailand
| | - Phutsadee Saendee
- SCG
Chemical Co., Ltd., Siam Cement Group (SCG), 10 I-1 Road, Map Ta Phut Industrial
Estate, Muang District, Rayong
Province 21150, Thailand
| | - Supagorn Rugmai
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), P.O. Box 93, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Cheevasrirungruang
- SCG
Chemical Co., Ltd., Siam Cement Group (SCG), 10 I-1 Road, Map Ta Phut Industrial
Estate, Muang District, Rayong
Province 21150, Thailand
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12
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Guo M, Zhang Y, Li J, Pan G, Yan H, Luo Y, Liu Y. Ultrafine dispersion of a phosphate nucleating agent in a polypropylene matrix via the microemulsion method. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46244g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Effects of nucleating agent 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid tris(cyclohexylamide) on properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Patil N, Invigorito C, Gahleitner M, Rastogi S. Influence of a particulate nucleating agent on the quiescent and flow-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Du Y, Zhang J, Mai K. Preparation and investigation of the β-nucleated polypropylene/polystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Analysis of phase structure and evolution of PP/PEOc blends during quiescent molten-state annealing process from SEM patterns. Part I: droplet/matrix morphology. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Morales AR, Paiva LBD, Zattarelli D, Guimarães TR. Morphology, structure and mechanical properties of polypropylene modified with organophilic montmorillonite. POLIMEROS 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282012005000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ghalia MA, Hassan A, Yussuf A. Mechanical and thermal properties of calcium carbonate-filled PP/LLDPE composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Woo EM, Nurkhamidah S, Chen YF. Surface and interior views on origins of two types of banded spherulites in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17841-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Zhang YF, Chang Y, Li X, Xie D. Nucleation Effects of a Novel Nucleating Agent Bicyclic [2,2,1] Heptane Di-carboxylate in Isotactic Polypropylene. J MACROMOL SCI B 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222341003648995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Yao Chang
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Xun Li
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xie
- a School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation , Changsha University of Science & Technology , Changsha, China
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21
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Zhang YF, Luo XZ, Chang Y, Zhou T. Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene with and without 1,3:2,4-Bis(3,4-Dimethylbenzylidene) Sorbitol as a Nucleating Agent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2010.510111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Fowler JN, Chapman BR, Green DL. Impact of plasticizers and tackifiers on the crystallization of isotactic poly(1-butene). Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Li X, Zhang YF, Xie D. Effects of Bicyclic [2,2,1] Heptane Di-carboxylate on Properties, Crystallization, and Melting Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10236660903086888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Svoboda P, Svobodova D, Slobodian P, Ougizawa T, Inoue T. Transmission electron microscopy study of phase morphology in polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Dou Q. Polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene blends: Morphology, crystal structure, optical, and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Bai H, Wang Y, Song B, Han L. Synergistic toughening effects of nucleating agent and ethylene–octene copolymer on polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Wu D, Sun Y, Wu L, Zhang M. Linear viscoelastic properties and crystallization behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Bai H, Wang Y, Song B, Li Y, Liu L. Effect of nucleating agent on the brittle–ductile transition behavior of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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