1
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Candau N, Fernandes JPC, Vasmer E, Maspoch ML. Cellulose nanocrystals as nucleating agents for the strain induced crystallization in natural rubber. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8663-8674. [PMID: 36349700 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vulcanized natural rubber (NR)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) composites with a CNC content of up to 5 wt% using physical blending and dicumyl peroxide crosslinking were prepared. The tensile properties were investigated at slow and high strain rates. The slow strain rate tests revealed an increase of the elastic modulus concomitant with a decrease of strain at the crystallization onset while increasing the CNC fraction. The high strain rate tests performed near adiabatic conditions demonstrated the ability of the CNC to improve the elastocaloric properties of the NR matrix, with an increase of 30% and 15% of heating and cooling capacities, respectively, in the presence of 3 wt% CNC. Such results were ascribed to (i) a higher thermoelastic effect, due to strain amplification in the NR matrix in the presence of CNC and (ii) a nucleating effect of the CNC on strain induced crystallization. This series of materials can be proposed as a promising eco-friendly alternative to conventional carbon black filled rubber as potential green elastocaloric materials (heating pump, cooling machines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Candau
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP) - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), Av. D'Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019, Spain.
| | | | - Emilien Vasmer
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP) - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), Av. D'Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019, Spain.
| | - Maria Lluisa Maspoch
- Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP) - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC), Av. D'Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019, Spain.
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2
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Haissoune H, Chenal JM, Chazeau L, Sebald G, Morfin I, Lebrun L, Dalmas F, Coativy G. Elastocaloric effect: Impact of heat transfer on strain-induced crystallization kinetics of natural rubber. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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3
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Candau N, Vives E, Fernández AI, Maspoch ML. Elastocaloric effect in vulcanized natural rubber and natural/wastes rubber blends. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Hentschke R, Plagge J. Strain-induced self-assembly of crystallites in elastomers. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014502. [PMID: 34412356 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We propose a model of strain-induced crystallization in elastomers, combining Flory's original work with a description of crystallization adopted from the theory of micellar solutions. The experimentally observed hysteresis appears in the model due to a continuous, unidirectional change of the free energy difference between straightened polymer sections which occur isolated and those which are aggregated. The model yields good qualitative and even semiquantitative agreement with measurements of crystallization in natural rubber at variable cross-link density, strain amplitude, and temperature. The attendant description of the stress hysteresis is less good but still qualitatively correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hentschke
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universität, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Plagge
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universität, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plagge
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
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6
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Lau CM, Kim SS, Lillie LM, Tolman WB, Reineke TM, Ellison CJ. Structural Basis for the Different Mechanical Behaviors of Two Chemically Analogous, Carbohydrate-Derived Thermosets. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:609-615. [PMID: 35570761 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two renewable, structurally analogous monomers, isosorbide undecenoate (IU) and glucarodilactone undecenoate (GDLU) reacted with pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETT) via thiol-ene photopolymerization to form IU-PETT and GDLU-PETT thermosets. Despite their chemical similarity, uniaxial tensile testing showed that GDLU-PETT exhibited a strain-hardening behavior and is significantly tougher than IU-PETT. To understand this observation, in situ tensile testing and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments (WAXS) were conducted. While the 2D WAXS patterns of IU-PETT displayed an isotropic halo during uniaxial deformation, they exhibited a change from an isotropic halo to a pair of scattering arcs for the GDLU-PETT samples. Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the GDLU alkyl chains are less angled than the IU alkyl chains. Based on these results, we postulate that the GDLU molecules can more easily order and align during uniaxial deformation, hence increasing intermolecular interactions between the GDLU molecules and contributing to the observed strain hardening behavior of their thermosets. This study exemplifies how molecules with subtle differences in their chemical structures can alter the structures and thermophysical properties of the resulting polymers in unpredictable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Maggie Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Leon M. Lillie
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Candau N, Stoclet G, Tahon JF, Demongeot A, Yilgor E, Yilgor I, Menceloglu YZ, Oguz O. Mechanical reinforcement and memory effect of strain-induced soft segment crystals in thermoplastic polyurethane-urea elastomers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Monte Carlo Study of Rubber Elasticity on the Basis of Finsler Geometry Modeling. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11091124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Configurations of the polymer state in rubbers, such as so-called isotropic (random) and anisotropic (almost aligned) states, are symmetric/asymmetric under space rotations. In this paper, we present numerical data obtained by Monte Carlo simulations of a model for rubber formulations to compare these predictions with the reported experimental stress–strain curves. The model is defined by extending the two-dimensional surface model of Helfrich–Polyakov based on the Finsler geometry description. In the Finsler geometry model, the directional degree of freedom σ → of the polymers and the polymer position r are assumed to be the dynamical variables, and these two variables play an important role in the modeling of rubber elasticity. We find that the simulated stresses τ sim are in good agreement with the reported experimental stresses τ exp for large strains of up to 1200 % . It should be emphasized that the stress–strain curves are directly calculated from the Finsler geometry model Hamiltonian and its partition function, and this technique is in sharp contrast to the standard technique in which affine deformation is assumed. It is also shown that the obtained results are qualitatively consistent with the experimental data as influenced by strain-induced crystallization and the presence of fillers, though the real strain-induced crystallization is a time-dependent phenomenon in general.
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9
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Sridharan H, Chanda J, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay R. RUBBER BLEND AND FILLER EFFECTS ON DAMAGE MECHANISMS UNDER MONOTONIC AND FATIGUE LOADING. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.19.81525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
To appreciate the nature and failure mode of elastomers, it is important to understand their fracture behavior. There are various factors that influence the fracture characteristics of rubber vulcanizates, namely, temperature, strain rate, and type of loading. In this research, fracture behavior of gum and carbon black filled rubber compounds having 100 parts natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and 60–40 NR/BR blend is reported. The effect of strain rate, temperature, and carbon black on tensile strength, fracture/tearing energy, and crack growth is detailed. Based on our investigation, we have determined BR to be more sensitive to temperature change than NR. Also, contrasting behavior is observed for gum and filled polymer blends.
Tensile and fatigue tests were performed on a universal testing machine and tear and fatigue analyzer, respectively. The tested samples were also examined in the scanning electron microscope to obtain high-resolution imaging of fracture surfaces. The samples tested under monotonic loading provide smoother surfaces by showing the phase separation in comparison with fatigue loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sridharan
- Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India 570016
| | - Jagannath Chanda
- Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India 570016
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India 570016
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10
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Chen L, Guo X, Luo Y, Jia Z, Bai J, Chen Y, Jia D. Effect of novel supported vulcanizing agent on the interfacial interaction and strain-induced crystallization properties of natural rubber nanocomposites. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Plagge J, Klüppel M. A Theory Relating Crystal Size, Mechanical Response, and Degree of Crystallization in Strained Natural Rubber. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Plagge
- Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie
e.V., Eupener Str. 33, 30519 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Klüppel
- Deutsches Institut für Kautschuktechnologie
e.V., Eupener Str. 33, 30519 Hannover, Germany
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12
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Nieto Simavilla D, Schieber JD, Venerus DC. Evidence of Deformation-Dependent Heat Capacity and Energetic Elasticity in a Cross-Linked Elastomer Subjected to Uniaxial Elongation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Nieto Simavilla
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter and ‡Department of Physics and Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Jay D. Schieber
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter and ‡Department of Physics and Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter and ‡Department of Physics and Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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13
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Fu X, Xie Z, Wei L, Huang C, Luo M, Huang G. Detecting structural orientation in isoprene rubber/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites at different scales during uniaxial deformation. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhengtian Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Laiyun Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Mingchao Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire
de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS,
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Global
Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research
and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Sainumsai W, Toki S, Amnuaypornsri S, Nimpaiboon A, Sakdapipanich J, Rong L, Hsiao BS, Suchiva K. DEPENDENCE OF THE ONSET OF STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER AND ITS SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE ON CROSSLINK AND ENTANGLEMENT BY USING SYNCHROTRON X-RAY. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.18.82693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and stress–strain relations of varied crosslink structures and varied crosslink densities of vulcanized natural rubber (NR), vulcanized synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR), and un-vulcanized natural rubber are compared using a synchrotron X-ray. The onset strain of SIC does not depend on crosslink density and crosslink structures. Un-vulcanized NR shows a smaller onset strain of SIC than that of vulcanized NR. Therefore, entanglements in NR are pivot points to induce SIC, just as entanglements in semi-crystalline plastics induce flow-induced crystallization (FIC). During deformation, complicated phenomena occur simultaneously such as cavitation, crosslink breakdown, SIC with temperature upturn, and limited extensibility of chains between crosslinks, because rubber is a significantly inhomogeneous material. It is still difficult to evaluate the contribution of SIC to stress-upturn of the stress–strain relation of rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Sainumsai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
- Rubber and Polymer Technology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Shigeyuki Toki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Department Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Sureerut Amnuaypornsri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Adun Nimpaiboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Jitladda Sakdapipanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Lixia Rong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Krisda Suchiva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170 Thailand
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Department Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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16
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Spratte T, Plagge J, Wunde M, Klüppel M. Investigation of strain-induced crystallization of carbon black and silica filled natural rubber composites based on mechanical and temperature measurements. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Features of strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber revealed by experiments and simulations. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Xu T, Jia Z, Wu L, Chen Y, Luo Y, Jia D, Peng Z. Effect of acetone extract from natural rubber on the structure and interface interaction in NR/CB composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism of CB–rubber interaction influenced by AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiwen Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Lianghui Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yuanfang Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Demin Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences
- Zhanjiang 524001
- China
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19
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Xie Z, Wei C, Guyomar D, Sebald G. Validity of Flory's model for describing equilibrium strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and thermal behavior in natural rubber. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Complex dependence on the elastically active chains density of the strain induced crystallization of vulcanized natural rubbers, from low to high strain rate. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Candau N, Chazeau L, Chenal JM, Gauthier C, Munch E. A comparison of the abilities of natural rubber (NR) and synthetic polyisoprene cis-1,4 rubber (IR) to crystallize under strain at high strain rates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3472-81. [PMID: 26750589 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strain induced crystallization (SIC) of a natural rubber (NR) and a synthetic rubber (IR) with a high amount of cis-1,4 units (98.6%) is studied, thanks to in situ wide angle X-ray (WAXS) experiments at room temperature performed in a large range of strain rates. During stretching at a low strain rate (4.2 × 10(-3) s(-1)), SIC in IR occurs at a larger stretching ratio than in NR. As a result, the crystallinity index at a given stretching ratio is lower in IR than in NR, in spite of the similar crosslink densities of the chains involved in the crystallization in both materials. This lower ability for crystallization in IR is attributed to the presence of branching along its backbone and its lower stereoregularity. Conversely, dynamic experiments performed at high strain rates (10(1)/10(2) s(-1)) show for both materials a similar ability to crystallize. This unexpected result is confirmed by monotonic tensile tests performed in a large range of strain rates. The reason is thermodynamic: the chain extension plays a predominant role compared to the role of the microstructure defects when the strain rate is high, i.e. when the kinetics of the crystallite nucleation forces the crystallization to occur at a large stretching ratio. A thermodynamic model enables qualitative reproduction of the experimental results.
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22
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Gros A, Tosaka M, Huneau B, Verron E, Poompradub S, Senoo K. Dominating factor of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Brüning K, Schneider K, Roth SV, Heinrich G. Kinetics of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber: A diffusion-controlled rate law. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Laghmach R, Candau N, Chazeau L, Munch E, Biben T. Phase field modelling of strain induced crystal growth in an elastic matrix. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:244905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4923226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Laghmach
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5510, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Nicolas Candau
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5510, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Laurent Chazeau
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5510, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Etienne Munch
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Centre de technologies, 63040 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Biben
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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25
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Temperature dependence of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber: On the presence of different crystallite populations. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Influence of strain rate and temperature on the onset of strain induced crystallization in natural rubber. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Candau N, Chazeau L, Chenal JM, Gauthier C, Ferreira J, Munch E, Thiaudière D. Strain induced crystallization and melting of natural rubber during dynamic cycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15331-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigation on strain-induced crystallization, during complete cycles at high frequencies, highlighted for the first time the concomitant effects of the strain rate, memory of the chain alignment and self-heating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Gauthier
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin
- Centre de Technologies
- 63040 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 9
- France
| | | | - Etienne Munch
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin
- Centre de Technologies
- 63040 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 9
- France
| | - Dominique Thiaudière
- Synchrotron SOLEIL – Ligne de lumière DIFFABS
- L'orme des Merisiers
- Saint Aubin
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
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28
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Albouy PA, Sotta P. Strain-Induced Crystallization in Natural Rubber. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION II 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Candau N, Laghmach R, Chazeau L, Chenal JM, Gauthier C, Biben T, Munch E. Strain-Induced Crystallization of Natural Rubber and Cross-Link Densities Heterogeneities. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5006843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Candau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, F-69621, Lyon, France
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5510, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Rabia Laghmach
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5510, F-69621, Lyon, France
- Institut
Lumière Matière, UMR5306 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Chazeau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, F-69621, Lyon, France
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5510, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chenal
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, F-69621, Lyon, France
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5510, F-69621, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Gauthier
- Centre
de technologies, Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, 63040 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Biben
- Institut
Lumière Matière, UMR5306 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Munch
- Centre
de technologies, Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, 63040 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 9, France
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Brüning K, Schneider K, Roth SV, Heinrich G. Strain-induced crystallization around a crack tip in natural rubber under dynamic load. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Samaca Martinez J, Le Cam JB, Balandraud X, Toussaint E, Caillard J. Mechanisms of deformation in crystallizable natural rubber. Part 1: Thermal characterization. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mechanisms of deformation in crystallizable natural rubber. Part 2: Quantitative calorimetric analysis. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rublon P, Huneau B, Saintier N, Beurrot S, Leygue A, Verron E, Mocuta C, Thiaudière D, Berghezan D. In situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction investigation of fatigue cracks in natural rubber. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:105-109. [PMID: 23254662 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512044457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber exhibits remarkable mechanical fatigue properties usually attributed to strain-induced crystallization. To investigate this phenomenon, an original experimental set-up that couples synchrotron radiation with a homemade fatigue machine has been developed. Diffraction-pattern recording is synchronized with cyclic loading in order to obtain spatial distributions of crystallinity in the sample at prescribed times of the mechanical cycles. Then, real-time measurement of crystallinity is permitted during uninterrupted fatigue experiments. First results demonstrate the relevance of the method: the set-up is successfully used to measure the crystallinity distribution around a fatigue crack tip in a carbon black filled natural rubber for different loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Rublon
- LUNAM Université, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, GeM, UMR CNRS 6183, BP 92101, 44321 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Brüning K, Schneider K, Roth SV, Heinrich G. Kinetics of Strain-Induced Crystallization in Natural Rubber Studied by WAXD: Dynamic and Impact Tensile Experiments. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3011476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Brüning
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,
and
| | - Konrad Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,
and
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