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Mansourian-Tabaei M, Majdoub M, Sengottuvelu D, Stoddard DL, Thirumalai RVKG, Ucak-Astarlioglu MG, Al-Ostaz A, Nouranian S. Polyurea/Aminopropyl Isobutyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet Nanocomposites for Force Protection Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19625-19641. [PMID: 38588400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the development of new nanocomposite systems is reported based on one-part polyurea (PU) and aminopropyl isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNP-POSS) as compatible nanoreinforcements with the PU resin. GNP-POSS was effectively synthesized via a two-step synthesis protocol, including ultrasonication-assisted reaction and precipitation, and carefully characterized with respect to its chemical and crystalline structure, morphology, and thermal stability. FTIR and XPS spectroscopy analyses revealed that POSS interacts with the residual oxygen moieties of the GNPs through both covalent and noncovalent bonding. The X-ray diffraction pattern of GNP-POSS further revealed that the crystallinity of the GNPs was not altered after their functionalization with POSS. GNP-POSS was successfully incorporated in PU at contents of 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt % to yield PU/GNP-POSS nanocomposite films. An ATR-FTIR analysis of these films confirmed the presence of strong interfacial interactions between the urea groups of PU and the GNP-POSS functionalities. Moreover, the PU/GNP-POSS nanocomposite films exhibited enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties compared to those of the neat PU film. The quasi-static tensile testing of the PU/GNP-POSS samples revealed remarkable enhancements in the tensile strength (from 7.9 for the neat PU to 25.1 MPa for PU/GNP-POSS) and Young's modulus (238-617 MPa), while elongation at break and toughness also showed 14 and 125% improvements, respectively. Finally, the effects of GNP-POSS content on the morphological, quasistatic tensile, and high-strain-rate dynamic behavior of the PU/GNP-POSS nanocomposite films were also investigated. Overall, the tests performed using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar setup revealed a large increase in the film strength (from 147.6 for the neat PU film to 199 MPa for the PU/GNP-POSS film) and a marginal increase in the energy density of the film (38.1-40.8 kJ/m3). These findings support the suitability of the PU/GNP-POSS nanocomposite films for force protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mansourian-Tabaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mohammed Majdoub
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Dineshkumar Sengottuvelu
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Damian L Stoddard
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rooban V K G Thirumalai
- Institute for Imaging and Analytical Technologies, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mine G Ucak-Astarlioglu
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Ostaz
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sasan Nouranian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Center for Graphene Research and Innovation, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Hu L, Wang S, Liang L. Interface damage and fracture mechanisms of a ceramic/polymer interface based on atomic-scale simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29461-29470. [PMID: 36468435 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The performance of ceramic/polymer composite materials is significantly affected by their internal interfaces. To reveal the intrinsic interface fracturing mechanism of ceramic/polymer interfaces, an interfacial model composed of SiO2 and polypropylene (PP) is investigated using the molecular dynamics method. The interface damage is quantified by the increase in the interface free volume and deformation of a single PP chain. As stretching speeds increase, the free volume and outflowing atoms of PP chains decrease with the same interfacial displacement, which results in the increase of the interface strength and fracture energy. At low stretching speeds, the interface damage mechanism is determined by a competition between attractions of the PP single chains from SiO2 and PP. In contrast, at higher stretching speeds, the interface fracture is more brittle and the interface strength and fracture energy are both higher owing to the smaller cavity ratio. The results of this study contribute to an in depth understanding of the fracture mechanism of ceramic/polymer interfaces in many systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Hu
- Beijing Key Lab of Health Monitoring and Self-Recovery for High-End Mechanical Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Health Monitoring and Self-Recovery for High-End Mechanical Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lihong Liang
- Beijing Key Lab of Health Monitoring and Self-Recovery for High-End Mechanical Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Sakai T, Takase N, Oya Y, Koyanagi J. A Possibility for Quantitative Detection of Mechanically-Induced Invisible Damage by Thermal Property Measurement via Entropy Generation for a Polymer Material. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030737. [PMID: 35160685 PMCID: PMC8837015 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Entropy generation from a mechanical and thermal perspective are quantitatively compared via molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and mechanical and thermal experiments. The entropy generation values regarding mechanical tensile loading—which causes invisible damage—of the Polyamide 6 (PA6) material are discussed in this study. The entropy values measured mechanically and thermally in the MD simulation were similar. To verify this consistency, mechanical and thermal experiments for measuring entropy generation were conducted. The experimentally obtained mechanical entropy was slightly less than that calculated by MD simulation. The thermal capacity is estimated based on the specific heat capacity measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), applying the assumed extrapolation methods. The estimated entropy generation was higher than the aforementioned values. There is a possibility that the entropy-estimating method used in this study was inappropriate, resulting in overestimations. In any case, it is verified that entropy increases with mechanical loading and material invisible damage can be qualitatively detected via thermal property measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;
| | - Naohiro Takase
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Oya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan;
| | - Jun Koyanagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5876-1411
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Li C, Wei H, Zhan H, Bai J, Kou L, Gu Y. Tensile Performance of Polymer Nanocomposites with Randomly Dispersed Carbon Nanothreads. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Hanqing Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haifei Zhan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jingshuai Bai
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Logunov MA, Orekhov ND. The Role of Intermolecular Entanglements in the Formation of Nanosized Pores during Deformation of Polyethylene: Atomistic Modeling. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bowman AL, Chan EP, Lawrimore WB, Newman JK. Supersonic Impact Response of Polymer Thin Films via Large-Scale Atomistic Simulations. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5991-5997. [PMID: 34264685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent nanoscale ballistic tests have shown the applicability of nanomaterials for ballistic protection but have raised questions regarding the nanoscale structure-property relationships that contribute to the ballistic response. Herein, we report on multimillion-atom reactive molecular dynamics simulations of the supersonic impact, penetration, and failure of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) ultrathin films. The simulated specific penetration energy (Ep*) versus impact velocity predicts to within 15% the experimentally determined Ep* for PS. For impact velocities less than 1 km s-1, a crazing/petalling failure mode is observed due to chain disentanglement, transitioning to fragmentation coupled with large amounts of adiabatic heating at velocities greater than 1 km s-1. Interestingly, the high entanglement density of PE provides enhanced penetration resistance at low velocities, whereas increased adiabatic heating in PS promotes greater penetration resistance at elevated velocities. By understanding nanoscale mechanisms of energy absorption, nanomaterials can be designed to provide superior penetration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Bowman
- Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States of America
| | - Edwin P Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - William B Lawrimore
- Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States of America
| | - John K Newman
- Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States of America
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Chang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Gao K, Hou G, Shen J, Zhang L, Liu J. Creep behavior of polymer nanocomposites: Insights from molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Tang Z, Fujimoto K, Okazaki S. A comparison of the brittle PMMA with the ductile PC on the elasticity and yielding from a molecular dynamics perspective. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Starkova O, Aniskevich K, Sevcenko J, Bulderberga O, Aniskevich A. Relationship between the residual and total strain from creep‐recovery tests of polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotube composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Starkova
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia Riga Latvia
| | - Klara Aniskevich
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia Riga Latvia
| | | | - Olga Bulderberga
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia Riga Latvia
| | - Andrey Aniskevich
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia Riga Latvia
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Li X, Zhang X, Chen J, Huang L, Lv Y. Uniaxial Tensile Creep Behavior of Epoxy-Based Polymer Using Molecular Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020261. [PMID: 33466748 PMCID: PMC7831035 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the all-atomic molecular dynamics simulation method, the tensile creep behavior of epoxy-based polymer was discussed. The physical and mechanical properties of the model were characterized, such as glass transition temperature and yield strength. The simulation results are very close to the previous simulation and experimental results, and the correctness of the model is verified. On this basis, the tensile creep behavior and free volume evolution of polymer epoxy resin at different temperatures and stress levels were studied. The model fully predicted the three classical stages of epoxy resin creep (the primary, secondary and tertiary) and the dependent behavior of epoxy resin creep on temperature and stress level at the molecular level, and the creep rate increases with the increase of temperature and stress level. It was found that with the progress of the creep process, the proportion of free volume increases gradually under high stress levels, indicating that the effect of creep behavior on the structure of epoxy resin is that the interaction between atoms becomes weaker and weaker by increasing the distance between atoms, which finally induces creep failure in the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Li
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (J.C.); (L.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (J.C.); (L.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (J.C.); (L.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (J.C.); (L.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Lv
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (J.C.); (L.H.); (Y.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Mishima S, Ougizawa T. Microsphere Adhesion on Rubber Films Accompanied by Sphere Sedimentation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6597-6604. [PMID: 32437614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adhesion process between a rigid material (filler) and a viscoelastic material is important for designing an enhanced industrial material. However, the adhesion process is not simple because the properties of the adhesive, adherend, and interface are intricately influenced by this process. Here we investigate the adhesion of microspheres onto rubber films to clarify the dominant factor in the adhesion process. A rubber meniscus first forms on the sphere surface, followed by sedimentation of the sphere into the rubber film. This sedimentation is even observed when the surface free energy of the sphere is lower than that of the rubber film, which indicates that the driving force of meniscus formation obeys Young's equation on a tangential line of the sphere. The dominant factor of the sedimentation behavior is investigated by using atomic force microscopy force-sample deformation curve measurements and creep tests on the rubber films. These experimental results demonstrate that the adhesion process is strongly dominated by the viscoelastic property of the bulk rubber as opposed to the sphere and interface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Mishima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ougizawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Vijayaraghavan V, Zhang L. Tensile and Interfacial Loading Characteristics of Boron Nitride-Carbon Nanosheet Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061075. [PMID: 31234378 PMCID: PMC6630430 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of hybrid boron nitride–carbon (BN–C) nanostructures has triggered enormous research interest in the design and fabrication of new generation nanocomposites. The robust design of these nanocomposites for target applications requires their mechanical strength to be characterized with a wide range of factors. This article presents a comprehensive study, with the aid of molecular dynamics analysis, of the tensile loading mechanics of BN–C nanosheet reinforced polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites. It is observed that the geometry and lattice arrangement of the BN–C nanosheet influences the tensile loading characteristics of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, defects in the nanosheet can severely impact the tensile loading resistance, the extent of which is determined by the defect’s location. This study also found that the tensile loading resistance of nanocomposites tends to weaken at elevated temperatures. The interfacial mechanics of the BN–C nanocomposites are also investigated. This analysis revealed a strong dependency with the carbon concentration in the BN–C nanosheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Vijayaraghavan
- Laboratory for Precision and Nano Processing Technologies, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Liangchi Zhang
- Laboratory for Precision and Nano Processing Technologies, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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