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Xiao Z, Zhou L, Sun P, Li Z, Kang Y, Guo M, Niu Y, Zhao D. Regulation of mechanical properties of microcapsules and their applications. J Control Release 2024; 375:90-104. [PMID: 39233280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Microcapsules encapsulating payloads are one of the most promising delivery methods. The mechanical properties of microcapsules often determine their application scenarios. For example, microcapsules with low mechanical strength are more widely used in biomedical applications due to their superior biocompatibility, softness, and deformability. In contrast, microcapsules with high mechanical strength are often mixed into the matrix to enhance the material. Therefore, characterizing and regulating the mechanical properties of microcapsules is essential for their design optimization. This paper first outlines four methods for the mechanical characterization of microcapsules: nanoindentation technology, parallel plate compression technology, microcapillary technology, and deformation in flow. Subsequently, the mechanisms of regulating the mechanical properties of microcapsules and the progress of applying microcapsules with different degrees of softness and hardness in food, textile, and pharmaceutical formulations are discussed. These regulation mechanisms primarily include altering size and morphology, introducing sacrificial bonds, and construction of hybrid shells. Finally, we envision the future applications and research directions for microcapsules with tunable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Pingli Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yanxiang Kang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Mengxue Guo
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
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Zielinski D, Szpecht A, Hinc P, Smiglak M. Synthesis and Behavior of Hexamethylenetetramine-Based Ionic Liquids as an Active Ingredient in Latent Curing Formulations with Ethylene Glycol for DGEBA. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020892. [PMID: 36677950 PMCID: PMC9863291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the preparation of new ionic liquids based on hexamethylenetetramine with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and dicyanamide anion, which were characterized in detail in terms of their purity (Ion Chromatography) and thermal properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), as well as stability. The obtained substances were used to develop curing systems with ethylene glycol, which were successfully tested for their application with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether molecule. In addition, the curing process and its relationship to the structure of the ionic liquid are characterized in detail. The research showed that hexamethylenetetramine-based new ionic liquids can be successfully designed using well-known and simple synthetic methods-the Delepine reaction. Moreover, attention was paid to their stability, related limitations, and the application of hexamethylenetetramine-based ionic liquids in epoxy-curing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Szpecht
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Hinc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznań, Poland
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Mu B, Yu Z, Cui J, Yan W, He H, Wang X, Guo J, Tian L, Yang B, Cui J. Tribological Properties of Oil-Containing Polyimide Aerogels as a New Type of Porous Self-Lubricating Material. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Cui
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Yan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan He
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Guo
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoping Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
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Li P, Qu D, Zhang L, Su C, Ma J, Wang Q, Liu C, Wang Y, Feng H, Li C, Wu W. A carbon nanosphere nanofluid for improving the toughness and thermal properties of epoxy composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:375704. [PMID: 35671676 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac764f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A carbon nanosphere nanofluid (CNS-nanofluid) was successfully prepared through the non-covalent modification of carbon nanosphere (CNS) with the specific ionic liquid (i.e. [M2070][VBS]) at first. The resulting CNS-nanofluid is a homogeneous and stable fluid with liquid-like behaviour at room temperature, and which shows better dispersion stability in its good solvents and improved processability than the pristine CNS. Subsequently, this CNS-nanofluid was used as a kind of novel functional filler and incorporated into epoxy matrix to prepare the CNS-nanofluid filled epoxy composites (CNS-nanofluid/EP composites). The toughness and thermal properties of those CNS-nanofluid/EP composites were carefully characterized and analysed. And it was found that this CNS-nanofluid could respectively improve the impact toughness and glass transition temperature of the CNS-nanofluid/EP composites to 19.8 kJ m-2and 122.5 °C at the optimum amount, demonstrating that this CNS-nanofluid is a kind of promising functional filler to achieve robust epoxy composites, and thus opening up new possibilities with great significance for epoxy composites in high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyao Qu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Su
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanran Feng
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
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