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Zaara K, Optasanu V, Le Gallet S, Escoda L, Saurina J, Bernard F, Khitouni M, Suñol JJ, Chemingui M. Study of Structural, Compression, and Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe 65Ni 28Mn 7 Alloy Prepared by Arc Melting, Mechanical Alloying, and Spark Plasma Sintering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7244. [PMID: 38005172 PMCID: PMC10672919 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Soft magnetic Fe65Ni28Mn7 (at. %) alloy was successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS) and, in parallel, the same composition was prepared by arc melting (AM) for comparison. Several SPS conditions were tested. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure, phase composition, and morphology of the samples. It was found that mechanical alloying produced BCC and FCC supersaturated solid solution after 130 h of milling, with a fine microstructure (i.e., crystallite size of 10 nm). Spark plasma sintering performed at 750 °C and 1000 °C under two pressures of 50 MPa and 75 MPa revealed stable FCC phases. A single FCC phase was observed after the arc melting synthesis. The magnetic properties of milled powders and solids obtained by AM and SPS were investigated. The specimen consolidated by SPS at 1000 °C under the pressure of 50 MPa exhibits soft magnetic behavior (coercivity 0.07 Oe), whereas the mechanically alloyed sample revealed hard magnetic behavior. The specimen consolidated at 750 °C under a pressure of 75 MPa showed a higher compressive strength of 1700 MPa and a Vickers hardness of 425 ± 18 HV. As a result, sintering at 750 °C/75 MPa can be utilized to enhance the mechanical properties, while those sintered at 1000 °C/50 MPa increase magnetic softness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Zaara
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Virgil Optasanu
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne—ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (V.O.); (S.L.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Sophie Le Gallet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne—ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (V.O.); (S.L.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Lluisa Escoda
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Saurina
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Frédéric Bernard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne—ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France; (V.O.); (S.L.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; (K.Z.); (L.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Mahmoud Chemingui
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, LR 17-ES-07, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3018, Tunisia;
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Yan C, Xiong D, Li J. Synthesis of Ni-Al-Ta composite coatings on Al alloy plates and the transfer of Al powder via mechanical milling technique. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yazdani A, Isfahani T. Hardness, wear resistance and bonding strength of nano structured functionally graded Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings fabricated by ball milling method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu H, Zhang J, Gou J, Sun Y. Preparation of Fe 2 O 3 /Al composite powders by homogeneous precipitation method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saba F, Kabiri E, Khaki JV, Sabzevar MH. Fabrication of nanocrystalline TiC coating on AISI D2 steel substrate via high-energy mechanical alloying of Ti and C. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yazdani A, Zakeri A. An insight into formation of nanostructured coatings on metallic substrates by planetary ball milling. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Corrosion Behavior of Detonation Gun Sprayed Fe-Al Type Intermetallic Coating. MATERIALS 2015; 8:1108-1123. [PMID: 28787991 PMCID: PMC5455446 DOI: 10.3390/ma8031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detonation gun sprayed Fe-Al type coatings as an alternative for austenitic valve steel, were investigated using two different methods of testing corrosion resistance. High temperature, 10-hour isothermal oxidation experiments at 550, 750, 950 and 1100 °C show differences in the oxidation behavior of Fe-Al type coatings under air atmosphere. The oxide layer ensures satisfying oxidation resistance, even at 950 and 1100 °C. Hematite, α-Al₂O₃ and metastable alumina phases were noticed on the coatings top surface, which preserves its initial thickness providing protection to the underlying substrate. In general, only negligible changes of the phase composition of the coatings were noticed with simultaneous strengthening controlled in the micro-hardness measurements, even after 10-hours of heating at 1100 °C. On the other hand, the electrochemical corrosion tests, which were carried out in 200 ppm Cl- (NaCl) and pH ~4 (H₂SO₄) solution to simulate the acid-rain environment, reveal higher values of the breakdown potential for D-gun sprayed Fe-Al type coatings than the ones for the bulk Fe-Al type alloy and Cr21Mn9Ni4 austenitic valve steel. This enables these materials to be used in structural and multifunctional applications in aggressive environments, including acidic ones.
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