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Li W, Liu D, Han Y, Li Y, Guo R. An innovative study for pretreatment of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite via high-temperature heating: phase, microstructure, and phosphorus distribution analyses. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2023.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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2
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Ammar M, El-Halim SA, Sharada H, Fadel M, Yehia A. Study on the interactions of two models of enzymes as eco-friendly depressants in flotation separation of apatite from hematite. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2022; 601:154223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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3
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Development of roasting-acid leaching-magnetic separation technology for recovery of iron from “dead ores”. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Heating Pre-Treatment of Copper Ores and Its Effects on the Bond Work Index. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Comminution is the stage with the largest energy consumption in the mining process. Therefore, several pre-treatments have been proposed to reduce the energy requirements of this stage. This work analyzed the effect of a heating pre-treatment on the Bond index. A conventional heating pre-treatment was applied to a Chilean copper ore. The ore was heated to temperatures from 300 to 600 °C using a conventional furnace, resulting in a reduction of 19% in the Bond work index. Due to the pre-treatment, the mineral cracked in several areas. Microfracture and composition analyses of these areas confirmed that crack generation in the ore is due to the thermal stress produced by the pre-treatment. The fracture analysis explains the reduction in the Bond work index, since crack generation started at similar temperatures to those at which the reduction in the Bond work index was observed. In addition, the analysis also shows that micro-cracks occur between and through different phases, which may have an impact on mineral liberation. These results also show that, under a moderate high temperature, an important reduction in energy consumption can be obtained.
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Thermally Assisted Grinding of Cassiterite Associated with Pollimetallic Ore: A Comparison between Microwave and Conventional Furnaces. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of microwave and conventional heating pretreatments on the grinding of cassiterite associated with pollimetallic ore. The minerals that exhibited a stronger microwave absorption ability crushed first, which is the main difference between the microwave and the traditional heating pretreatments. The distribution of Fe, Pb, Zn, and Sn increased in the fine size range (−0.425 mm). The Fe and Pb grades in the size ranges of −3.2 + 2 mm and −2 + 1 mm after the microwave pretreatment (6 kW, 1 min) were lower than those of the traditional heating (12 kW, 400 °C, 20 min), indicating that the microwave selective heating was beneficial for pyrite and jamesonite. The grade and distribution of Sn decreased significantly in the size ranges of −3.2 + 2 mm and −2 + 1 mm and increased in the size ranges of −0.425 + 0.15 mm and −0.15 + 0.074 mm. Microwave heating treatment promoted the grinding of sulfide ore and reduced the cassiterite overgrinding.
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Abstract
The combined microwave-assisted sorting and microwave-assisted comminution of minerals has been proposed to reduce the huge grinding energy consumption in mineral processing. However, gangue minerals would be discarded after the sorting process despite the microwave energy absorbed during their treatment. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of microwave pretreatment on the Bond work index (BWI) of quartz and calcite samples, as they represent the dominant gangues in many ores and are key inputs in the cement industry, which requires intensive grinding. The samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The BWIs of the two samples were determined before and after the microwave treatment (2.45 GHz, 1.7 kW) at 2, 4 and 6 minutes. SEM image analyses of the untreated and microwave-treated samples were performed using ImageJ software. The results showed that after 4 minutes of radiation treatment, the BWI of the studied quartz was reduced by 13.83%, while that of the calcite increased by 15.59%. The results of the SEM image analysis indicated that the quartz developed more cracks than the calcite under the same microwave treatment conditions. Based on these findings, microwave pretreatment is suitable to reduce the grinding energy of the studied quartz, but offers no energy-saving benefit to the studied calcite.
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Liu J, Hong Y, Liu C, Zhang L. Kinetics modeling of the volatilization of mercury compounds involved in spent mercury-containing catalyst under microwave irradiation. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Yehia A, Abd El-Halim S, Sharada H, Fadel M, Ammar M. Application of a fungal cellulase as a green depressant of hematite in the reverse anionic flotation of a high-phosphorus iron ore. MINERALS ENGINEERING 2021; 167:106903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2021.106903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Bilen
- Department of Geological Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Tripathy SK, Murthy YR, Suresh N, Filippov LO. Carbothermic reduction roasting for processing of ferruginous chromite ore using conventional and microwave heating. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Abo Atia T, Spooren J. Microwave assisted chloride leaching of zinc plant residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122814. [PMID: 32768856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) assisted chloride leaching was studied to remove valuable and heavy metals from two zinc plant residues, i.e. goethite sludge and Zn-leach product. For both materials, NaCl leaching parameters, such as temperature, NaCl concentration, leaching time and addition of acid, were optimized. For goethite sludge, the best efficiencies for Cu (45-47 %), Pb (83-90 %), and Zn (47-58 %) extraction, with a minimal dissolution of matrix elements, were obtained at 200 °C, 300 g/L NaCl and L/S 10. At short leaching times (5 min) the maximal leachability of Cu and Zn was reached, while at longer leaching time (60 min) the Pb extraction increased to 90 ± 1%. Zn leaching was limited due to the presence of stable franklinite (ZnFe2O4). NaCl (280 g/L) leaching of Zn-leach product required the addition of 1 M HCl to improve metal leaching to Ag 52 ± 3 %, Bi 83 ± 1 %, Cd 82 ± 4 %, Sb 39 ± 1 %, Zn 71 ± 2 % at 200 °C, L/S 10 for 30 min. Consequently, matrix dissolution was enhanced. Metal associations in Zn-leach product were statistically investigated. The environmental impact of the MW leached materials was evaluated by a one stage leaching test, which showed a significant overall reduction in heavy metal leachability compared to untreated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Abo Atia
- Waste Recycling Technologies, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO N.V., Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; SIM vzw, Technologiepark 48, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Spooren
- Waste Recycling Technologies, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO N.V., Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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12
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Liu W, Zhang L, Luo N. Elastic modulus evolution of rocks under heating-cooling cycles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13835. [PMID: 32796913 PMCID: PMC7427969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocks decay significantly during or after heating-cooling cycles, which can in turn lead to hazards such as landslide and stone building collapse. Nevertheless, the deterioration mechanisms are unclear. This paper presents a simple and reliable method to explore the mechanical property evolutions of representative sandstones during heating-cooling cycles. It was found that rock decay takes place in both heating and cooling processes, and dramatic modulus changes occurred near the α - β phase transition temperature of quartz. Our analysis also revealed that the rock decay is mainly attributed to the internal cracking. The underlying mechanism is the heterogeneous thermal deformation of mineral grains and the α - β phase transition of quartz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- Laboratory for Precision and Nano Processing Technologies, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Liangchi Zhang
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ning Luo
- Laboratory for Precision and Nano Processing Technologies, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,State Key Laboratory for Geo-Mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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13
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Omran M, Fabritius T, Heikkinen EP, Vuolio T, Yu Y, Chen G, Kacar Y. Microwave catalyzed carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite: effect of microwave energy on the reaction activation energy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23959-23968. [PMID: 35517350 PMCID: PMC9055094 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04574h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, more attention has been paid to the use of microwave (MW) energy in accelerating chemical reactions. The effect of microwave energy on the reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite was investigated. The results indicated that the temperatures required to initiate zinc oxide and zinc ferrite reduction under MW heating were 550 and 450 °C, respectively, while under conventional thermal (CT) heating, were 950 and 850 °C, respectively. Apparently, the MW reaction had a negative standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at a lower temperature (∼400 °C) when compared to the CT reaction. Additionally, the activation energy (E a) substantially decreased from 223.7 and 221.1 kJ mol-1 under CT heating to 64.8 and 32.9 kJ mol-1 under MW heating for Zn oxide and zinc ferrite, respectively. The enhancement in zinc reduction under MW energy was due to the rapid and bulk heating phenomena of MWs as well as the interactions occurring between the electromagnetic MW pattern and the molecules of heated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Omran
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland .,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Timo Fabritius
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Tero Vuolio
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Yaowei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Guo Chen
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry, Yunnan Minzu University Kunming China
| | - Yilmaz Kacar
- Material Science and Engineering Dep., Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA
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14
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High Temperature Dielectric Properties of Iron- and Zinc-Bearing Products during Carbothermic Reduction by Microwave Heating. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the carbothermic reduction of iron- and zinc-bearing products is studied through in situ microwave heating, dielectric properties monitoring, and mass spectrometry up to high temperatures (1000 °C). The results are correlated to the information provided by conventional analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). This combination allows a detailed study of seven different process stages with an accurate determination of the reaction temperatures, providing new evidence about the particular conditions of this microwave-driven reduction process. The presented results suggest that molecular vibrations imposed by the microwave field are presumably the reason for reactions taking place at lower temperatures than those observed in the conventional process. This work also explores the influence of other parameters, such as the apparent density or the amount of carbonaceous material, on the resulting dielectric properties, providing useful information for the development of a potential microwave industrial application in the metallurgy field.
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Abstract
The comminution of ores consumes a high portion of energy. Therefore, different pretreatment methods of ores prior to their comminution are considered to reduce this energy. However, the results of pretreatment methods and their technological development are scattered in literature. Hence, this paper aims at collating the different ore pretreatment methods with their applications and results from published articles, conference proceedings, and verified reports. It was found that pretreatment methods include thermal (via oven, microwave, or radiofrequency), chemical additive, electric, magnetic, ultrasonic, and bio-milling. Results showed that the chemical pretreatment method has been used at an industrial scale since 1930, mainly in cement production. The microwave pretreatment results showed positive improvements at pilot scale mining applications in 2017. The results of ore pretreatment using electric and ultrasonic methods showed up to 24% and 66% improvement in energy consumption, respectively. The former and the latter have been piloted for gold and carbonate ore, respectively. Findings also showed that magnetic, radiofrequency, and bio-milling methods have not led to significant reductions in comminution energy. Based on energy reduction, safety, costs, stage of application, and downstream benefits, microwave and electrical pretreatment methods may be focused for applications in the mining industry.
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16
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Roy SK, Nayak D, Rath SS. A review on the enrichment of iron values of low-grade Iron ore resources using reduction roasting-magnetic separation. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Yuan S, Zhou W, Han Y, Li Y. Selective enrichment of iron particles from complex refractory hematite-goethite ore by coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Pu J, Gao L, Yang Z, Kang J, Zhang M, Ruan R, Peng J, Chen G. The application of microwave irradiation technology on the preparation of V2O5 from ammonium polyvanadate (APV). J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Kang J, Gao L, Zhang M, Pu J, He L, Ruan R, Omran M, Peng J, Chen G. Synthesis of rutile TiO2 powder by microwave-enhanced roasting followed by hydrochloric acid leaching. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Technological Challenges of Phosphorus Removal in High-Phosphorus Ores: Sustainability Implications and Possibilities for Greener Ore Processing. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11236787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the present rates of iron ore consumption, currently unusable, high-phosphorus iron ore deposits are likely to be the iron ores of the future as higher-grade iron ore reserves are depleted. Consequently, the design and timely development of environmentally-benign processes for the simultaneous beneficiation of high-phosphorus iron ores and phosphorus recovery, currently a technological challenge, might soon become a sustainability challenge. To stimulate interest in this area, phosphorus adsorption and association in iron oxides/hydroxyoxides, and current efforts at its removal, have been reviewed. The important properties of the most relevant crystalline phosphate phases in iron ores are highlighted, and insights provided on plausible routes for the development of sustainable phosphorus recovery solutions from high-phosphorus iron ores. Leveraging literature information from geochemical investigations into phosphorus distribution, speciation, and mobility in various natural systems, key knowledge gaps that are vital for the development of sustainable phosphorus removal/recovery strategies and important factors (white spaces) not yet adequately taken into consideration in current phosphorus removal/recovery solutions are highlighted, and the need for their integration in the development of future phosphorus removal/recovery solutions, as well as their plausible impacts on phosphorus removal/recovery, are put into perspective.
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Insight into effect of CaCO3 on reduction roasting of fine-grained silicate type iron oxide ore and its application on Fe separation and recovery. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Yuan S, Zhou W, Han Y, Li Y. Selective enrichment of iron from fine-grained complex limonite using suspension magnetization roasting followed by magnetic separation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1677715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- College of resources and civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- College of resources and civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuexin Han
- College of resources and civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of resources and civil engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Effect of Different Additives on Reaction Characteristics of Fluorapatite During Coal-Based Reduction of Iron Ore. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9090923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the coal-based reduction of high phosphorus oolitic hematite, it is particularly important to study the mechanism of phosphorus regulation during the formation of iron metals for the efficient development and utilization of iron ore. In this study, the thermodynamics of the coal-based reduction process of fluorapatite in different mineral systems, effect mechanism of the reduction degree, kinetics, mineral composition, and morphology of structural evolution samples were systematically investigated using FactSage software, single factor analysis, the isothermal method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the effect of the SiO2–Fe2O3–C system on reducing the initial reduction temperature of fluorapatite was stronger than that of the Al2O3–Fe2O3–C system. The effect mechanism of the reduction degree demonstrates that increasing the dosage of silica, iron oxide, carbon, reduction time, and reduction temperature could promote the reduction reaction of fluorapatite under certain conditions. Dynamics analysis shows that the best kinetic mechanism functions of the SiO2–Fe2O3–C system and the Al2O3–Fe2O3–C system were A1/3 = 1/3(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]−2 and A1/2 = 1/2(1 − α)[−ln(1 − α)]−1, respectively. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the reduction kinetics equation in the system containing silica were significantly lower than that in the system containing alumina, which explained that the catalytic effect of silica on the reduction of calcium fluorophosphate was far greater than that of alumina. XRD and SEM/EDS analysis indicate that the solid–solid reaction of alumina, silica, iron, and fluorapatite occurred during the reduction process, while calcium aluminate, calcium silicate, and calcium oxide were formed at the contact point. Among them, iron could absorb P2 gas so that it played a greater role in promoting the reduction of fluorapatite. Increasing the reduction temperature and prolonging the reduction time were beneficial to the reduction of fluorapatite.
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Ye X, Guo S, Qu W, Yang L, Hu T, Xu S, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhang Z. Microwave field: High temperature dielectric properties and heating characteristics of waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:432-438. [PMID: 30554089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the dielectric properties of waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts has important guiding significance for the development of microwave heat treatment of waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts for the recovery of valuable metals. The resonant cavity perturbation technique was used to measure the dielectric properties of waste catalyst and the mixture of waste catalyst and Na2CO3 during roasting from room temperature to 700 °C at 2450 MHz. The heating properties of the waste catalyst and mixture of waste catalyst and Na2CO3 were determined in the microwave field. The results show that the waste catalyst and the mixture of waste catalyst and Na2CO3 exhibit strong microwave response capability, and the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and dielectric loss tangent increase with increasing temperature; from 20 to 300 °C, the waste catalyst and the mixture of waste catalyst and Na2CO3 heated at a slower rate, while the material heated rapidly from 300 to 700 °C. In addition, the mechanism of microwave action has been proposed based on the study of dielectric properties and heating properties in the microwave field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Shenghui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenwen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shengming Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China.
| | - Bingguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; National Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering Application of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Dash N, Rath SS, Angadi SI. Thermally assisted magnetic separation and characterization studies of a low-grade hematite ore. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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27
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Utilization of blast furnace sludge for the removal of zinc from steelmaking dusts using microwave heating. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Omran M, Fabritius T, Chen G, He A. Microwave absorption properties of steelmaking dusts: effects of temperature on the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε′′) at 1064 MHz and 2423 MHz. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6859-6870. [PMID: 35518455 PMCID: PMC9061110 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the dielectric properties was found to be minor at temperatures below 600 °C. Above this temperature, sharp rises in the values of both the dielectric constant and the loss factor were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Omran
- Process Metallurgy Research Group
- Faculty of Technology
- University of Oulu
- Oulu
- Finland
| | - Timo Fabritius
- Process Metallurgy Research Group
- Faculty of Technology
- University of Oulu
- Oulu
- Finland
| | - Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions of Education Department of Yunnan
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
| | - Aoxi He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions of Education Department of Yunnan
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming 650500
- P. R. China
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Ye X, Koppala S, Qu W, Xu S, Zhang L, Liu B, Guo S, Wang L. New approach to the utilization of microwave thermal energy: Desulfurization and decarburization of spent catalyst via microwave treatment. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Selective Liberation of High-Phosphorous Oolitic Hematite Assisted by Microwave Processing and Acid Leaching. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8060245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Sandhu MY, Saleh FS, Afridi S, Hunter IC, Roberts SNS. The process for making low density LAS surfactant detergent agglomerates using microwave heating. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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A novel method of synthesis and investigation on transformation of synthetic rutile powders from Panzhihua sulphate titanium slag using microwave heating. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Peng T, Xu L, Luo L. Quantitative Investigation of Roasting-magnetic Separation for Hematite Oolitic-ores: Mechanisms and Industrial Application. OPEN CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNatural high-quality iron can be directly applied to pyro-metallurgy process, however, the availability of these ores has become less and less due to exploitation. This research reports a systematic approach using reduction roasting and magnetic separation for oolitic iron ores from west Hubei Province. Firstly, a mineralogical study was performed and it was shown that the oolitic particles were mainly composed of hematite, with some silicon-quartz inside the oolitic particle. Then, the roasting temperature was examined and shown to have significant influence on both Fe recovery and the Fe content of the concentrate. Also the Fe content gradually increased as the temperature increased from 700 to 850 °C. The most important aspects are the quantitative investigation of change of mineral phases, and reduction area (with ratio) during the reduction roasting process. The results showed that Fe2O3decreased with temperature, and Fe3O4(magnetite) increased considerably from 600 to 800°C. The reductive reaction was found to occur from the outside in, the original oolitic structure and embedding relationship among the minerals did not change after roasting. Finally, 5% surrounding rock was added to mimic real industrial iron beneficiation. This study could provides useful insight and practical support for the utilization of such iron ores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Longhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan430070, China
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Gangurde LS, Sturm GSJ, Devadiga TJ, Stankiewicz AI, Stefanidis GD. Complexity and Challenges in Noncontact High Temperature Measurements in Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017; 56:13379-13391. [PMID: 29170599 PMCID: PMC5695896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The
complexity and challenges in noncontact temperature measurements
inside microwave-heated catalytic reactors are presented in this paper.
A custom-designed microwave cavity has been used to focus the microwave
field on the catalyst and enable monitoring of the temperature field
in 2D. A methodology to study the temperature distribution in the
catalytic bed by using a thermal camera in combination with a thermocouple
for a heterogeneous catalytic reaction (methane dry reforming) under
microwave heating has been demonstrated. The effects of various variables
that affect the accuracy of temperature recordings are discussed in
detail. The necessity of having at least one contact sensor, such
as a thermocouple, or some other microwave transparent sensor, is
recommended to keep track of the temperature changes occurring in
the catalytic bed during the reaction under microwave heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit S Gangurde
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guido S J Sturm
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tushar J Devadiga
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej I Stankiewicz
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios D Stefanidis
- Delft University of Technology, Process and Energy Department, Intensified Reaction and Separation Systems, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands.,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Chemical Engineering Department, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Omran M, Fabritius T, Heikkinen EP, Chen G. Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170710. [PMID: 28989772 PMCID: PMC5627112 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to study the dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) and zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe2O4) by microwave heating. To achieve this aim, the dielectric properties were measured with an open-ended coaxial method to understand the behaviour of the samples under microwave irradiation. The effects of microwave power, duration time and sample mass on the heating rate, and the effects of the stoichiometric amount of graphite on the reduction of ZnO and decomposition of ZnFe2O4 were investigated. The results show that ZnFe2O4 has significantly higher dielectric properties compared to ZnO. Generally, for both samples, the dielectric values at room temperature were quite low, indicating that both ZnO and ZnFe2O4 are poor microwave absorbers. It was found that the temperatures have a more significant effect on the imaginary permittivities than on the real permittivities. The heating rate showed that the sample temperature increased with increase in microwave power and sample mass. Using 700 W of microwave power and two times the stoichiometric amount of graphite, almost complete reduction of ZnO was achieved in 12 min, while ZnFe2O4 completely decomposed to zincite and wustite in 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Omran
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Mineral Processing and Agglomeration Laboratory, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Timo Fabritius
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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36
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Farahat M, Elmahdy AM, Hirajima T. Influence of microwave radiation on the magnetic properties of molybdenite and arsenopyrite. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Using mineralogical and particle shape analysis to investigate enhanced mineral liberation through phase boundary fracture. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Rath SS, Dhawan N, Rao D, Das B, Mishra B. Beneficiation studies of a difficult to treat iron ore using conventional and microwave roasting. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Omran M, Fabritius T, Elmahdy AM, Abdel-Khalek NA, Gornostayev S. Improvement of phosphorus removal from iron ore using combined microwave pretreatment and ultrasonic treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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