Experimental and mathematical investigations of spray angle and droplet sizes of a flash evaporation desalination system

Numerical Study on Effects of Geometric Parameters on the Release Characteristics of Straight Sudden Expansion Gas Extinguishing Nozzles

In order to guide the optimization design of the nozzle of the aircraft-fixed gas fire extinguishing system, we studied the influence of nozzle geometric parameters including outlet–inlet area ratio, length–diameter aspect ratio, and wall roughness on the distribution of pressure and velocity in the nozzle on the basis of CFD simulations. Although the structure of the nozzle is axisymmetric, the spatial distribution of the pressure and velocity during the flow and release of gas extinguishing agent is not completely symmetric. It was found that both of the outlet–inlet area ratio (δ) and the length–diameter aspect ratio (ξ) had a significant impact on the distribution characteristics of the pressure and axial velocity in the nozzle. With the increase of δ, the average pressure at the outlet cross-section of the nozzle decreased monotonically, while the average axial velocity at the outlet increased approximately linearly. When ξ≥2, the uniformity of the pressure and velocity distribution at the nozzle outlet was significantly improved. Moreover, with the increase of ξ, the average pressure and the average axial velocity of the outlet both showed a non-monotonic change trend, and the optimal value of ξ should be about 3.0. Compared with δ and ξ, the influence of the nozzle wall roughness (εN) on the flow and release characteristics of the extinguishing agent was weak. With the increase of εN, the average pressure of the nozzle outlet increased slightly, while the average axial velocity at the nozzle outlet decreased slightly.

Numerical and experimental analyses for the improvement of surface instant decontamination technology through biocidal agent dispersion: Potential of application during pandemic

The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects is an important form of transmissibility. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the performance of a disinfection chamber designed for instantaneous dispersion of the biocidal agent solution, in order to characterize a new device that can be used to protect individuals by reducing the transmissibility of the disease through contaminated surfaces. We proposed the necessary adjustments in the configuration to improve the dispersion on surfaces and the effectiveness of the developed equipment. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the present technology with a chamber having six nebulizer nozzles were performed and validated through qualitative and quantitative comparisons, and experimental tests were conducted using the method Water-Sensitive Paper (WSP), with an exposure to the biocidal agent for 10 and 30 s. After evaluation, a new passage procedure for the chamber with six nozzles and a new configuration of the disinfection chamber were proposed. In the chamber with six nozzles, a deficiency was identified in its central region, where the suspended droplet concentration was close to zero. However, with the new passage procedure, there was a significant increase in wettability of the surface. With the proposition of the chamber with 12 nozzles, the suspended droplet concentration in different regions increased, with an average increase of 266%. The experimental results of the new configuration proved that there was an increase in wettability at all times of exposure, and it was more significant for an exposure of 30 s. Additionally, even in different passage procedures, there were no significant differences in the results for an exposure of 10 s, thereby showing the effectiveness of the new configuration or improved spraying and wettability by the biocidal agent, as well as in minimizing the impact caused by human factor in the performance of the disinfection technology.