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Razzaq I, Xinhua W, Rasool G, Sun T, Shflot AS, Malik MY, Abbas K, Ali S, Ali A. Nanofluids for Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review on Preparation Methods, Properties, and Environmental Impact. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:5251-5282. [PMID: 39989821 PMCID: PMC11840791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Nanofluids, an advanced class of heat transfer fluids, have gained significant attention due to their superior thermophysical properties, making them highly effective for various engineering applications. This review explores the impact of nanoparticle integration on the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and overall heat transfer performance of base fluids, highlighting improvements in systems, such as heat exchangers, electronics cooling, PV/T systems, CSP technologies, and geothermal heat recovery. Key mechanisms such as nanolayer formation, Brownian motion, and nanoparticle aggregation are discussed, with a focus on hybrid nanofluids that show enhanced thermal conductivity. The increase in viscosity poses a trade-off, necessitating careful control of the nanoparticle properties to optimize heat transfer while reducing energy consumption. Empirical data show up to a 123% increase in the convective heat transfer coefficients, demonstrating the tangible benefits of nanofluids in energy efficiency and system miniaturization. The review also considers the environmental impacts of nanofluid use, such as potential toxicity and the challenges of sustainable production and disposal. Future research directions include developing hybrid nanofluids with specific properties, integrating nanofluids with phase change materials, and exploring new nanomaterials such as metal chalcogenides to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of thermal management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat Razzaq
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wang Xinhua
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box, 1664, Al-Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tao Sun
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Abdulsalam Saeed Shflot
- Department
of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King
Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yousaf Malik
- Department
of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King
Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Abbas
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shabir Ali
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Tian MW, Smaisim GF, Yan SR, Sajadi SM, Mahmoud MZ, Aybar HS, Abed AM. RETRACTED:Economic cost and efficiency analysis of a lithium-ion battery pack with the circular and elliptical cavities filled with phase change materials. JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2022; 52:104794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
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Akkurt N, Aghakhani S, Mahmoud MZ, Abdelrahman A. RETRACTED: Cooling of non-sloped, positively sloped, and negatively sloped arrangements of Li-ion batteries with a phase change material connected to a solar system. JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2022; 52:104808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
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Combined effect of electric field and nanofluid on bubble behaviors and heat transfer in flow boiling of minichannels. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu C, Yan Y, Sun W, Shi X, Shi N, Huo Y, Zhao J, Said Z, Sharifpur M. Preparation and thermophysical study on a super stable copper oxide/deep eutectic solvent nanofluid. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Akram N, Hosseini M, Sadri R, Kazi S, Kasaeian A, Yarmand H, Hooman K, Ahmad R. A facile, green fabrication of aqueous nanofluids containing hydrophilic functionalized carbon nanotubes toward improving heat transfer in a closed horizontal flow passage. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hamzah HK, Ali FH, Hatami M. MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of CNT-water nanofluid in a wavy lid-driven porous enclosure at different boundary conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2881. [PMID: 35190663 PMCID: PMC8861068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Galerkin Finite Element Method or GFEM is used for the modeling of mixed convection with the entropy generation in wavy lid-driven porous enclosure filled by the CNT-water nanofluid under the magnetic field. Two different cases of boundary conditions for hot and cold walls are considered to study the fluid flow (streamlines) and heat transfer (local and average Nusselt numbers) as well as the entropy generation parameters. Richardson (Ri), Darcy (Da), Hartmann angle (γ), Amplitude (A), Number of peaks (N), Volume fraction (φ), Heat generation factor (λ), Hartmann number (Ha) and Reynolds number (Re) are studied parameters in this study which results indicated that at low Richardson numbers (< 1) increasing the inclined angle of magnetic field, decreases the Nu numbers, but at larger Richardson numbers (> 1) it improves the Nu numbers.
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