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Lambert MÈ, Arsenault J, Côté JC, D'Allaire S. A descriptive study on spatial and temporal distributions of genetic clusters of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, between 2010 and 2019. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38273419 PMCID: PMC10809575 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wide diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains combined with incomplete heterologous cross-protection complicates the management of the disease at both the herd and the regional levels. The objectives of this study were to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of various PRRSV genetic clusters infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, and to compare PRRSV regional diversity of wild-type sequences over the years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective surveillance-based study was conducted on all pig sites which had PRRSV ORF5 sequences from field submissions transferred into the Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from multiple sequence alignment was used to identify genetic clusters. For each wild-type cluster gathering ≥ 15 sequences, the number of pig sites in which the cluster was detected per administrative region and per year were displayed on bubble charts and the spatiotemporal distribution of pig sites was illustrated using pie chart maps. A molecular analysis of variance was performed to compare PRRSV wild-type sequence diversity according to the administrative region for each year. RESULTS A total of 32 wild-type clusters gathering 1653 PRRSV2 sequences from 693 pig sites were described. Each cluster was detected on up to 132 pig sites and 7 administrative regions over the 10-year period. Annually, the mean (min-max) number of wild-type clusters detected in at least one pig site reached 24 (17-29). Some clusters remained localized on a few sites over time whereas others were widespread over the territory during a few or many years. For each year, regional differences were also observed in PRRSV diversity of wild-type sequences. CONCLUSIONS The differences observed in both the spatiotemporal distributions of PRRSV clusters and in the regional diversity of wild-type sequences highlight the importance of ongoing provincial surveillance to improve collective PRRS management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Lambert
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Côté
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie D'Allaire
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie porcine et avicole - Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Wang H, Chen M, Guo Z, Shen Y, Chen Y, Luo T, Liu Y, Li J, Wang F, Wan J. The Influencing Factors of "Post-African Swine Fever" Pig Farm Biosecurity: Evidence from Sichuan Province, China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3053. [PMID: 37835659 PMCID: PMC10571891 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective biosecurity measures are crucial in controlling and preventing major pig diseases, ultimately ensuring farm income and social stability. This study extracted data from 205 farmer surveys in Sichuan Province, China, to construct a biosecurity index system for pig farms. The biosecurity levels of pig farms were evaluated using a projection pursuit method to identify weak areas. The Tobit model was then utilized to determine the factors that influenced the biosecurity levels. The results indicated that the overall biosecurity levels of the pig farms were low. The study found that the average biosecurity score among farms was 0.61, with a minimum score of 0.37 and a maximum score of 0.89 (on a scale of 0 to 1). These results suggest that there are significant differences in biosecurity levels among the farms. The study also found that the scores for first-level indicators related to breeding environment management, as well as second-level indicators related to personnel management and awareness of African swine fever prevention and control, were significantly lower than scores for other indicators in the farmers' biosecurity systems. This study investigated the factors influencing biosecurity on farms and found that technical training, farm size, income share, production organization, and government inspections had a significant impact on the level of biosecurity implemented. This study emphasizes the significance of biosecurity in enhancing pig farm biosecurity and its role in improving farm resilience to major animal diseases like African swine fever. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers to make informed decisions regarding related policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Meijun Chen
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Ziyao Guo
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Yangyang Shen
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Yufan Chen
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Ting Luo
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Yuying Liu
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Jianqiang Li
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Jiangjun Wan
- College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China
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