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Efficient Sequestration of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Biosorbent Derived from Arundo donax Stem. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9926391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of a biosorbent derived from Arundo donax stem, a readily available agricultural product, was examined to remove Cr(VI) from water. Various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX were used for the characterization of the prepared adsorbent. The optimal pH for Cr(VI) biosorption was found to be 2.0. The experimental data best suits the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudosecond-order kinetics. The maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of the investigated biosorbent for Cr(VI) was evaluated to be 76.92 mg/g by the Langmuir model. From the results of the Cr(VI) biosorption using charred Arundo donax stem powder (CADSP), it can be a novel, cost-efficient, and effective material for removing Cr(VI) from water and wastewater.
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Jagaba AH, Kutty SRM, Isa MH, Ghaleb AAS, Lawal IM, Usman AK, Birniwa AH, Noor A, Abubakar S, Umaru I, Saeed AAH, Afolabi HK, Soja UB. Toxic Effects of Xenobiotic Compounds on the Microbial Community of Activated Sludge. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
- Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Department of Civil Engineering Bauchi Nigeria
| | - Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability Institute of Self-Sustainable Building 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Hasnain Isa
- Universiti Teknologi Brunei Civil Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Tungku Highway BE1410 Gadong Brunei Darussalam
| | - Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal
- Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Department of Civil Engineering Bauchi Nigeria
- University of Strathclyde Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Glasgow United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Azmatullah Noor
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Sule Abubakar
- Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Department of Civil Engineering Bauchi Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Umaru
- Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Department of Civil Engineering Bauchi Nigeria
| | - Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Haruna Kolawole Afolabi
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Usman Bala Soja
- Federal University Dutsin-Ma Department of Civil Engineering P.M.B. 5001 Dutsin-Ma Katsina State Nigeria
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Comparison of the Influences of Cadmium Toxicity to Phosphate Removal in Activated Sludge Separately Fed by Glucose and Acetic Acid as Carbon Sources. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study used high and low concentrations of glucose and acetic acid as carbon sources in two aerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) processes. Trials were shock loaded with different concentrations of Cd2+. It was observed that the substrate utilization rate decreased when glucose concentration increased and thus the activated sludge of A2O preferred acetic acid as a carbon source over glucose. Under anaerobic conditions, activated sludge readily transformed the substrate into poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by the Entner–Douderoff (ED) pathway with ease, but not into poly-b-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) by the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway. However, ED pathway was suppressed more severely by cadmium shock loading than that of the EMP pathway. The shock loading of Cd2+ greatly inhibited the anaerobic phosphate release rate with a half inhibition concentration of 10 mg L−1 when acetic acid was used as a substrate. The phosphate removal efficiency of A2O with acetic acid was affected by Cd2+ shock loading more than that of glucose. Therefore, A2O with glucose as a substrate could tolerate the Cd2+ shock loading better than that of A2O with acetic acid. This study also showed that polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) were more sensitive to Cd2+ toxicity than that of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). With the addition of Cd2+, PHB/PHV synthesis/degradation was inhibited more apparently in acetic acid trials than that of glucose trials.
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Evaluation of biodegradation process: Comparative study between suspended and hybrid microorganism growth system in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for removal of phenol. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Marula seed husk (Sclerocarya birrea) biomass as a low cost biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Wang S, Gao M, Wang Z, She Z, Jin C, Zhao Y, Li Z. The effects of divalent copper on performance, extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community of an anoxic–aerobic sequencing batch reactor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of divalent copper (Cu(ii)) on the performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial community of activated sludge were investigated in an anoxic–aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
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7
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El Bestawy E, Helmy S, Hussein H, Fahmy M. Optimization and/or acclimatization of activated sludge process under heavy metals stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:693-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Khor SM, Ng SL, Lim PE, Seng CE. The effects of nickel(II) and chromium(VI) on oxygen demand, nitrogen and metal removal in a sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 33:1903-1914. [PMID: 22439579 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.568008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects ofNi(II) and Cr(VI) individually and in combination on the simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and metals under a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operation. Three identical laboratory-scale SBRs were operated with FILL, REACT, SETTLE, DRAW and IDLE periods in a ratio of 1:12:1:2:8 for a cycle time of 24 h until the steady state was achieved. Nickel(II) at increasing concentrations up to 35 mg/L was added to one of the reactors; Cr(VI) at increasing concentrations up to 25 mg/L was added to a second reactor; while a combination of Ni(II) and Cr(VI) in equal concentrations up to 10 mg/L was added to a third reactor. The results demonstrate that both Ni(II) and Cr(VI) exerted a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the removal of ammonia nitrogen (AN) than on COD removal. Synergistic and antagonistic inhibitory effects on the rates of COD and AN removal, respectively, were observed for the 50% Ni(II) and 50% Cr(VI) (w/w) mixture in the concentration range between 10 and 20 mg/L. The simultaneous presence of 50% Ni(II) and 50% Cr(VI) at a concentration of 20 mg/L resulted in system failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khor
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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9
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You SJ, Tsai YP, Cho BC, Chou YH. Metabolic influence of lead on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production and phosphate uptake in activated sludge fed with glucose or acetic acid as carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8165-8170. [PMID: 21704513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sludge in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) system was used to investigate the effect of lead toxicity on metabolisms of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) communities fed with acetic acid or glucose as their sole carbon source, respectively. Results showed that the effect of lead on substrate utilization of both PAOs and GAOs was insignificant. However, lead substantially inhibited both of phosphate release and uptake of PAOs. In high concentration of acetic acid trials, an abnormal aerobic phosphate release was observed instead of phosphate uptake and the release rate increased with increasing lead concentration. Results also showed that PAOs could normally synthesize polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the anaerobic phase even though lead concentration was 40 mg L(-1). However, they could not aerobically utilize PHB normally in the presence of lead. On the other hand, GAOs could not normally metabolize polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) in both the anaerobic and aerobic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Bioenvironmental Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chun Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
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Shraim A, Alsuhaimi A, Al-Thakafy JT. Dental clinics: a point pollution source, not only of mercury but also of other amalgam constituents. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1133-1139. [PMID: 21543103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Current literature suggests that amalgam waste from dental clinics is a point-source of mercury pollution in the environment. However, apart from mercury, other amalgam constituents (e.g. Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn) in dental clinics' wastewater have not been reported in the literature before. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of mercury and other metals in the wastewater of some dental clinics and the influent of a wastewater treatment plant in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah (KSA). Samples were collected over a 2-month period from three dental clinics and analyzed for metals using ICP-MS. The mean concentrations of Hg, Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn in the samples were 5.3±11.1, 0.49±0.96, 3.0±10.7, 10.0±14.5, and 76.7±106 mg L(-1), respectively. Additionally, high concentrations of other metals such as Mg (14.4±15.2 mg L(-1)), Mn (3.0±4.6 mg L(-1)), Fe (3.0±4.5 mg L(-1)), Sr (1.6±2.4 mg L(-1)), and Ba (6.9±10.3 mg L(-1)) were also found. These values are much higher than the local permissible limits. Most of the metals of interest were also detected in the influent of the wastewater treatment plant. This renders dental clinics wastewater a hazardous waste which should be properly treated before it is discharged into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Shraim
- Taibah University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Malakahmad A, Hasani A, Eisakhani M, Isa MH. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the removal of Hg2+ and Cd2+ from synthetic petrochemical factory wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 191:118-125. [PMID: 21592658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical factories which manufacture vinyl chloride monomer and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) are among the largest industries which produce wastewater contains mercury and cadmium. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of a lab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) to treat a synthetic petrochemical wastewater containing mercury and cadmium. After acclimatization of the system which lasted 60 days, the SBR was introduced to mercury and cadmium in low concentrations which then was increased gradually to 9.03±0.02 mg/L Hg and 15.52±0.02 mg/L Cd until day 110. The SBR performance was assessed by measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total and Volatile Suspended Solids as well as Sludge Volume Index. At maximum concentrations of the heavy metals, the SBR was able to remove 76-90% of Hg(2+) and 96-98% of Cd(2+). The COD removal efficiency and MLVSS (microorganism population) in the SBR was affected by mercury and cadmium concentrations in influent. Different species of microorganisms such as Rhodospirilium-like bacteria, Gomphonema-like algae, and sulfate reducing-like bacteria were identified in the system. While COD removal efficiency and MLVSS concentration declined during addition of heavy metals, the appreciable performance of SBR in removal of Hg(2+) and Cd(2+) implies that the removal in SBR was not only a biological process, but also by the biosorption process of the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Malakahmad
- Faculty of Energy and Environmental Studies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Hesarak, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Loo YM, Lim PE, Seng CE. Treatment of p-nitrophenol in an adsorbent-supplemented sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:479-487. [PMID: 20480823 DOI: 10.1080/09593330903514482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment ofp-nitrophenol (PNP) as a sole organic carbon source using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the addition of adsorbent. Two types of adsorbents, namely powdered activated carbon (PAC) and pyrolysed rice husk (PRH) were used in this study. Two identical SBRs, each with a working volume of 10 L, were operated with fill, react, settle, draw and idle periods in the ratio of 2:8:1:0.75:0.25 for a cycle time of 12 h. The results showed that, without the addition of adsorbent, increasing the influent PNP concentration to 200 mg/L resulted in the deterioration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and PNP removal efficiency in the SBRs. Improvement in the performance of the SBR was observed with the addition of PAC. When the dosage of 1.0 g PAC/cycle was applied, COD removal of 95% and almost complete removal of PNP were achieved at the influent PNP concentration of 300 mg/L. The kinetic study showed that the rates of COD and PNP removal can be described by the first-order kinetics. The enhancement of performance in the PAC-supplemented SBR was postulated to be due to the initial adsorption of PNP by the freshly added and the bioregenerated PAC, thus reducing the inhibition on the microorganisms. The PRH was found to be ineffective because of its relatively low adsorption capacity for PNP, compared with that of PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Loo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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13
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Pamukoglu MY, Kargi F. Removal of Cu(II) ions by biosorption onto powdered waste sludge (PWS) prior to biological treatment in an activated sludge unit: a statistical design approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:2348-2354. [PMID: 19117751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of synthetic wastewater containing Cu(II) ions was realized in an activated sludge unit with pre-adsorption of Cu(II) onto powdered waste sludge (PWS). Box-Behnken experimental design method was used to investigate Cu(II), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and toxicity removal performance of the activated sludge unit under different operating conditions. The independent variables were the solids retention time (SRT, 5-30 d), hydraulic residence time (HRT, 5-25 h), feed Cu(II) concentration (0-50 mg L(-1)) and PWS loading rate (0-4 g h(-1)) while percent Cu(II), COD, toxicity (TOX) removals and the sludge volume index (SVI) were the objective functions. The data were correlated with a quadratic response function (R2=0.99). Cu(II), COD and toxicity removals increased with increasing PWS loading rate and SRT while decreasing with the increasing feed Cu(II) concentration and HRT. Optimum conditions resulting in maximum Cu(II), COD, toxicity removals and SVI values were found to be SRT of 30 d, HRT 15 h, PWS loading rate 3 g h(-1) and feed Cu(II) concentration of less than 30 mg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yunus Pamukoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, 35160 Izmir, Turkey
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Dionisi D, Bornoroni L, Mainelli S, Majone M, Pagnanelli F, Papini MP. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Role of Sludge Age on the Removal of Adsorbed Micropollutants in Activated Sludge Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie071280v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Dionisi
- Department of Chemistry, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Bornoroni
- Department of Chemistry, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Mainelli
- Department of Chemistry, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagnanelli
- Department of Chemistry, University “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Pamukoglu MY, Kargi F. Elimination of Cu(II) toxicity by powdered waste sludge (PWS) addition to an activated sludge unit treating Cu(II) containing synthetic wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 148:274-80. [PMID: 17363161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II) ion toxicity onto activated sludge organisms was eliminated by addition of powdered waste sludge (PWS) to the feed wastewater for removal of Cu(II) ions by biosorption before biological treatment. The synthetic feed wastewater containing 14 or 22 mgl(-1) Cu(II) was mixed with PWS in a mixing tank where Cu(II) ions were adsorbed onto PWS and the mixture was fed to a sedimentation tank to separate Cu(II) containing PWS from the feed wastewater. The activated sludge unit fed with the effluent of the sedimentation tank was operated at a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 10h and sludge age (SRT) of 10 days. To investigate Cu(II), COD and toxicity removal performance of the activated sludge unit at different PWS loadings, the system was operated at different PWS loading rates (0.1-1 gPWSh(-1)) while the Cu(II) loading rate was constant throughout the operation. Percent copper, COD and toxicity removals increased with increasing PWS loading rate due to increased adsorption of Cu(II) onto PWS yielding low Cu(II) contents in the feed. Biomass concentration in the aeration tank increased and the sludge volume index (SVI) decreased with increasing PWS loading rate due to elimination of Cu(II) from the feed wastewater by PWS addition. PWS addition to the Cu(II) containing wastewater was proven to be effective for removal of Cu(II) by biosorption before biological treatment. Approximately, 1 gPWSh(-1) should be added for 28 mgCuh(-1) loading rate for complete removal of Cu(II) from the feed wastewater to obtain high COD removals in the activated sludge unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yunus Pamukoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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Pamukoglu MY, Kargi F. Mathematical modeling of copper(II) ion inhibition on COD removal in an activated sludge unit. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 146:372-7. [PMID: 17222511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model was developed to describe the Cu(II) ion inhibition on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from synthetic wastewater containing 15 mg l(-1) Cu(II) in an activated sludge unit. Experimental data obtained at different sludge ages (5-30 days) and hydraulic residence times (HRT) (5-25 h) were used to determine the kinetic, stoichiometric and inhibition constants for the COD removal rate in the presence and absence of Cu(II) ions. The inhibition pattern was identified as non-competitive, since Cu(II) ion inhibitions were observed both on maximum specific substrate removal rate (k) and on the saturation constant (Ks) with the inhibition constants of 97 and 18 mg l(-1), respectively, indicating more pronounced inhibition on Ks. The growth yield coefficient (Y) decreased and the death rate constant (b) increased in the presence of Cu(II) ions due to copper ion toxicity on microbial growth with inhibition constants of 29 and 200 mg l(-1), respectively indicating more effective inhibition on the growth yield coefficient or higher maintenance requirements. The mathematical model with the predetermined kinetic constants was able to predict the system performance reasonably well especially at high HRT operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yunus Pamukoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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Ozbelge TA, Ozbelge HO, Altinten P. Effect of acclimatization of microorganisms to heavy metals on the performance of activated sludge process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 142:332-9. [PMID: 16987600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although selected heavy metals (HMs) stimulate biological reactions at low concentrations, all HMs are toxic to microorganisms (MOs) at moderate concentrations and can cause inhibitory effects on the biological processes. Therefore, MOs must be acclimated to HMs or other toxic substances present in wastewaters (WWs) before they are used in an activated sludge process (ASP). In this study, combined effect of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions in a synthetic WW on the efficiency of a laboratory-scale ASP without recycle was investigated using acclimated MOs at different extents.A synthetic feed solution of 1222 mg L(-1) proteose-peptone (corresponding to 1300 mg COD L(-1)) served as a source of carbon. Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions at different concentrations (1.5, 4.5 and 9, 27 mg L(-1), respectively) were introduced in the feed to a continuously stirred activated sludge reactor at different hydraulic residence times (2-40 h) keeping pH, temperature and stock feed composition constant. The combined effects of copper and zinc ions were determined by mixing these metallic ions at the specified combinations of concentrations such as "1.5 mg L(-1) of Cu(2+)+9 mg L(-1) of Zn(2+)" and "4.5 mg L(-1) of Cu(2+)+27 mg L(-1) of Zn(2+)". It was observed that using seed MOs acclimatized to two times of the combined threshold concentration of these HMs for an unduly long period of time (1-4 months) caused adverse effects on the ASP performance. Besides, it was found that usual inhibition effects of these HMs were enhanced with increasing period of acclimation. Substantially lower substrate removal efficiencies were obtained with acclimatized MOs than those obtained with non-acclimatized MOs. At the higher initial substrate concentration of 2500 mg COD L(-1), substrate-inhibition occurred causing a decrease in the specific growth rate constant (k); however, HM inhibition was suppressed, resulting to about 20% increase in treatment efficiency of the ASP. It can be concluded that the time period necessary for acclimatization of seed MOs must be adjusted carefully with concentrations of HMs lower than their threshold concentrations to achieve an optimal operation of an aerobic biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay A Ozbelge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey.
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Pamukoglu MY, Kargi F. Copper(II) ion toxicity in activated sludge processes as function of operating parameters. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Dionisi D, Levantesi C, Majone M, Bornoroni L, De Sanctis M. Effect of Micropollutants (Organic Xenobiotics and Heavy Metals) on the Activated Sludge Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Dionisi
- Department of Chemistry, SapienzaUniversity of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via Reno 1, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Levantesi
- Department of Chemistry, SapienzaUniversity of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via Reno 1, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, SapienzaUniversity of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via Reno 1, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Bornoroni
- Department of Chemistry, SapienzaUniversity of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via Reno 1, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Sanctis
- Department of Chemistry, SapienzaUniversity of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via Reno 1, 00198 Rome, Italy
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