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Wang N, Ma M, Mu G, Qian F, Xuemei Z. Lipid analysis of breast milk and formula for preterm infants and the application and prospects of novel structural lipids - a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39066633 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2383964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Preterm infants, often characterized by lower birth weights and underdeveloped physiologies, necessitate specialized nutritional care. While breast milk stands as the ideal nutritional source, offering substantial energy through its fatty acid content to support the infants' growth and developmental needs, its usage might not always be feasible. Fatty acids in breast milk are critical for the development of these infants. In scenarios where breast milk is not an option, formula feeding becomes a necessary alternative. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the fatty acid profiles in both breast milk and formulas is crucial for addressing the distinct nutritional requirements of preterm infants. This paper aims to summarize the effects of lipid composition, structure, and positioning in breast milk and formula on the growth and development of preterm infants. Furthermore, it explores recent advancements in the use of novel structural lipids in formulas, laying the groundwork for future innovations in formula design specifically catered to the needs of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhu Xuemei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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2
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Liu H, Huang J, Olajide T, Liu T, Liu Z, Liao X, Weng X. Preparation of human milk fat substitute and improvement of its oxidative stability. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2023. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0444211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) was synthesized by enzymatic interesterification using palm stearin rich in tripalmitin (PPP) and ethyl oleate. Enzymatic interesterification parameters such as temperature, water content, enzyme load, and substrate molar ratio were optimized. High contents of C52 (primarily OPO and its isomeric compounds) production (46.7%) and sn-2 palmitic acid (PA) content of 75.3% were detected. In addition, OPO-human milk fat substitute (HMFS) was blended with coconut, soybean, algal and microbial oils at a weight ratio of 0.70:0.18:0.11:0.004:0.007 to simulate fatty acids in human milk fat (HMF) according to the mathematical model. The main and important fatty acids in the Final-HMFS were within the ranges of those present in HMF. The Final-HMFS could promote the absorption of fats and minerals and the development of retina tissues in infants. The mixture of L-ascorbyl palmitate (L-AP) and vitamin E (VE) resulted in a synergistic antioxidant effect both in OPO-HMFS and OPO-HMFS emulsions. This finding has great significance in improving the quality and extending shelf-life of HMFS.
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Enzymatic Synthesis Process of EPA- and DHA-Enriched Structured Acylglycerols at the sn-2 Position Starting from Commercial Salmon Oil and Concentrated by Response Surface Methodology under Supercritical Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) has shown to be greatly influenced by their location in the triacylglycerol backbone. Therefore, the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (SAcyl), which include eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs) or docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs) at the sn-2 position, has attracted a great interest. The objective of this study was to optimize the synthesis process of a SAcyl from commercial refined salmon oil and an EPA/DHA concentrate in order to enhance the positioning of EPA and DHA in the sn-2 location of the glycerol moiety. For this purpose, immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (nonspecific) was used for the acidolysis process under the CO2 supercritical condition. As a result of carrying out a Draper-Lin composite design through the response surface methodology of 18 experiments, an optimized extraction including SAcyl compounds was obtained. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis was employed to identify the EPA/DHA location at the sn-2 position in the resulting glycerol moiety. In the fraction obtained, an increase in the EPA and DHA content at the sn-2 position was detected. Remarkably, the optimized SAcyl obtained after 6 h, 82 bar, and 60 °C led to the highest EPA/DHA yield at the sn-2 position in the resulting molecule.
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Dovale-Rosabal G, Espinosa A, Rodríguez A, Barriga A, Palomino-Calderón A, Romero N, Troncoso RH, Aubourg SP. Effect of Structured Phenolic Lipids with EPA/DHA and Gallic Acid against Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227702. [PMID: 36431812 PMCID: PMC9696657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the leading risk factor for developing metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The food industry has an essential role in searching for new strategies to improve primary food sources to revert some of the metabolic alterations induced by obesity. There is consistent evidence that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) belonging to the n-3 series, i.e., eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) acids, could revert some alterations associated with obesity-induced metabolic diseases. A relevant tool is the synthesis of structured acylglycerols (sAG), which include EPA or DHA at the sn-2 position. On the other hand, it has been reported that a crucial role of antioxidants is the reversion of MAFLD. In this work, we studied the effects of new molecules incorporating gallic acid (GA) into EPA/DHA-rich structured lipids. Mice were fed with a high-fat diet (60%) for three months and were then divided into five groups for supplementation with sAG and sAG structured with gallic acid (structured phenolic acylglycerols, sPAG). sPAG synthesis was optimized using a 2²-screening factorial design based on the response surface methodology (RSM). Our results show that treatment of sPAG was effective in decreasing visceral fat, fasting glycemia, fasting insulin, suggesting that this new molecule has a potential use in the reversal of MAFLD-associated alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Dovale-Rosabal
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Campus San Felipe, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Andrés Barriga
- Centre of Studies for the Development of Chemistry (CEPEDEQ), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Alan Palomino-Calderón
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Nalda Romero
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Carlos Lorca Tobar 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Hernán Troncoso
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Physical Activity (LABINAF), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Santiago Pedro Aubourg
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.P.A.)
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Immobilization of Rhizomucor miehei lipase on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes towards the synthesis of structured lipids rich in sn-2 palmitic acid and sn-1,3 oleic acid (OPO) for infant formula use. Food Chem 2022; 390:133171. [PMID: 35551020 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, breast milk is considered as the ideal food for infants owing to the most common oleic acid-palmitic acid-oleic acid (OA-PA-OA) fatty acid distribution of the human milk fat (HMF). This study reports the synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmotoylglycerol (OPO)-rich human milk fat substitutes in a two-step enzymatic acidolysis reaction with Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) immobilized on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes(mMWCNTs). The immobilized RML (RML-mMWCNTs) showed better thermal and pH stability, convenient recovery and reusability than the free soluble form. Under optimized reaction conditions (1:8 tripalmitin (PPP)/OA, 10%wt. enzyme, 50 °C, 5 h), PA content at the sn-2 position and OA incorporation at the sn-1,3 positions reached 93.46% and 59.54%, respectively. Comparison tests have also showed that RML-mMWCNTs has better catalytic activity and reusability than the commercial lipase Lipozyme RM IM. The results suggest that RML-mMWCNTs is a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of OPO-rich TAGs with potential use in infant formulas.
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Effective Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Rich in 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl Glycerol (OPO) viaa New Strategy. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-022-09723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cai Y, Bai Q, Yang L, Tang L, Su M. Substitution and mutation of the C-terminal loop domain of Penicillium expansum lipase significantly changed its regioselectivity and activity. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020187. [PMID: 35207476 PMCID: PMC8874823 DOI: 10.3390/life12020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is generally regarded as the best choice for infant feeding. Human milk fat (HMF) is one of the most complex natural lipids, with a unique fatty acid composition and distribution and complex lipid composition. Lipid intake in infants not only affects their energy intake but also affects their metabolic mode and overall development. Infant formula is the best substitute for human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. As the main energy source in infant formula, human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) should have a composition similar to that of HMF in order to meet the nutritional needs of infant growth and development. At present, HMFS preparation mainly focuses on the simulation of fatty acid composition, the application of structured lipids and the addition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplements. This paper first reviews the composition and structure of HMF, and then the preparation development of structured lipids and MFGM supplements are summarized. Additionally, the evaluation and regulation of HMFSs in infant formula are also presented.
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9
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Acylglycerol synthesis including EPA and DHA from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) belly flap oil and caprylic acid catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase under supercritical carbon dioxide. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Hou A, Xiao Y, Li Z. Effects of 1, 3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and its plant-oil formula on the toddler fecal microbiota during in vitro fermentation. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1648555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aixiang Hou
- Department of Food Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Food Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongjun Li
- Department of Food Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Şahin-Yeşilçubuk N, Akoh CC. Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Şahin-Yeşilçubuk
- ; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Casimir C. Akoh
- ; Department of Food Science and Technology; The University of Georgia; Athens 30602-2610 Georgia
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12
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Wang T, Wang X, Wang X. Effects of Lipid Structure Changed by Interesterification on Melting Property and Lipemia. Lipids 2016; 51:1115-1126. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Zhang X, Nie K, Zheng Y, Wang F, Deng L, Tan T. Lipase Candida sp. 99-125Coupled with β-cyclodextrin as additive synthesized the human milk fat substitutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Wang X, Wang T, Spurlock ME, Wang X. Effects of triacylglycerol structure and solid fat content on fasting responses of mice. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1545-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Wang J, Wang XD, Zhao XY, Liu X, Dong T, Wu FA. From microalgae oil to produce novel structured triacylglycerols enriched with unsaturated fatty acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:405-414. [PMID: 25451776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel structured triacylglycerols (STAGs) enriched with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and low palmitic acid (PA) content were firstly synthesized from Schizochytrium sp. oil and oleic acid (OA) via solvent-free acidolysis catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM. The results indicated that, the PA content decreased from 24.49% to 6.95%, while the UFAs content increased from 70.20% to 90.9% at the sn-1,3 positions in the STAGs under the optimal condition (i.e., lipase load of 7%, molar ratio of microalgae oil TAGs to OA of 1:3, and temperature of 65 °C). The lipase Lipozyme RM IM could be reused 16 times without significant loss of activity. The improved plastic and storage ranges of STAGs are useful for infant formula formulations, by which a possible method is blending of this product and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol enriched fats and minor lipids based on the corresponding chemical compositions of human milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Fu-An Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
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Zhao XY, Wang XD, Liu X, Zhu WJ, Mei YY, Li WW, Wang J. Structured lipids enriched with unsaturated fatty acids produced by enzymatic acidolysis of silkworm pupae oil using oleic acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Zhao
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Wang
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yuan Mei
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biotechnology; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang P. R. China
- Sericultural Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Zhenjiang P. R. China
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Wang X, Zou W, Sun X, Zhang Y, Wei L, Jin Q, Wang X. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:691-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Simões T, Valero F, Tecelão C, Ferreira-Dias S. Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes Catalyzed by a Heterologous Rhizopus oryzae Lipase and Commercial Lipases. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Soumanou MM, Pérignon M, Villeneuve P. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions for human milk fat substitutes production: A review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Turan D, Sahin Yeşilçubuk N, Akoh CC. Production of human milk fat analogue containing docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4402-4407. [PMID: 22497589 DOI: 10.1021/jf3012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human milk fat (HMF) analogue containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) at sn-1,3 positions and palmitic acid (PA) at sn-2 position was produced. Novozym 435 lipase was used to produce palmitic acid-enriched hazelnut oil (EHO). EHO was then used to produce the final structured lipid (SL) through interesterification reactions using Lipozyme RM IM. Reaction variables for 3 h reactions were temperature, substrate mole ratio, and ARASCO/DHASCO (A:D) ratio. After statistical analysis of DHA, ARA, total PA, and PA content at sn-2 position, a large-scale production was performed at 60 °C, 3:2 A:D ratio, and 1:0.1 substrate mole ratio. For the SL, those results were determined as 57.3 ± 0.4%, 2.7 ± 0.0%, 2.4 ± 0.1%, and 66.1 ± 2.2%, respectively. Tocopherol contents were 84, 19, 85, and 23 μg/g oil for α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol. Melting range of SL was narrower than that of EHO. Oxidative stability index (OSI) value of SL (0.80 h) was similar to that of EHO (0.88 h). This SL can be used in infant formulas to provide the benefits of ARA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Turan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science Building, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2610, USA
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Robles A, Jiménez MJ, Esteban L, González PA, Martín L, Rodríguez A, Molina E. Enzymatic production of human milk fat substitutes containing palmitic and docosahexaenoic acids at sn-2 position and oleic acid at sn-1,3 positions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Ilyasoglu H, Gultekin-Ozguven M, Ozcelik B. Production of human milk fat substitute with medium-chain fatty acids by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis: Optimization by response surface methodology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Production of structured triacylglycerols rich in palmitic acid at sn-2 position and oleic acid at sn-1,3 positions as human milk fat substitutes by enzymatic acidolysis. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Production of triacylglycerols rich in palmitic acid at sn-2 position by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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