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Sulej J, Piątek-Gołda W, Grąz M, Szałapata K, Waśko P, Janik-Zabrotowicz E, Osińska-Jaroszuk M. Immobilisation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase and Laccase on Chitosan Particles as a Multi-Enzymatic System for the Synthesis of Lactobionic Acid. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:383. [PMID: 37504878 PMCID: PMC10381469 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a bioactive compound that has become increasingly popular in medicine in recent years due to its unique properties. This chemical can be formed via the enzymatic oxidation of lactose using fungal oxidoreductive enzymes. This study aimed to intensify the synthesis of LBA using immobilised enzymes (cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PchCDH) and laccase from Cerrena unicolor (CuLAC)) on chitosan microspheres. We used three different crosslinking agents: genipin, glutaraldehyde, and polyethyleneimine to activate the chitosan. The FTIR and CellDrop techniques were used to characterise the activated microspheres. Quantitative (HPLC) and qualitative (TLC) methods were used to determine the obtained LBA. The results show that the type of activator used influences the efficiency of the binding of the enzyme to the matrix. Furthermore, the amount of LBA formed depends on the type of system used. The use of a system in which one of the enzymes is immobilised on a PEI-activated carrier (PchCDH) and the other is free (CuLAC) proved to be the most optimal, as it yielded almost 100% conversion of lactose to lactobionic acid. Summarising the data obtained the following: lactobionic acid immobilised on chitosan microspheres has great potential for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sulej
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Piątek-Gołda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szałapata
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Waśko
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Core Facility of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Janik-Zabrotowicz
- Core Facility of Biospectroscopy, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Yu S, Huang Y, Shen B, Zhang W, Xie Y, Gao Q, Zhao D, Wu Z, Liu Y. Peptide hydrogels: Synthesis, properties, and applications in food science. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3053-3083. [PMID: 37194927 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unique and excellent biological, physical, and chemical properties of peptide hydrogels, their application in the biomedical field is extremely wide. The applications of peptide hydrogels are closely related to their unique responsiveness and excellent properties. However, its defects in mechanical properties, stability, and toxicity limit its application in the food field. In this review, we focus on the fabrication methods of peptide hydrogels through the physical, chemical, and biological stimulations. In addition, the functional design of peptide hydrogels by the incorporation with materials is discussed. Meanwhile, the excellent properties of peptide hydrogels such as the stimulus responsiveness, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, rheology, and stability are reviewed. Finally, the application of peptide hydrogel in the food field is summarized and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yueying Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Biao Shen
- Zhoushan Customs District, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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3
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Kulkarni N, Rao P, Jadhav GS, Kulkarni B, Kanakavalli N, Kirad S, Salunke S, Tanpure V, Sahu B. Emerging Role of Injectable Dipeptide Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3551-3570. [PMID: 36743055 PMCID: PMC9893456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their properties such as biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, permeability toward oxygen, nutrients, and the ability to hold a significant amount of water, hydrogels have wide applications in biomedical research. They have been engaged in drug delivery systems, 3D cell culture, imaging, and extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetics. Injectable hydrogels represent a major subset of hydrogels possessing advantages of site-specific conformation with minimal invasive techniques. It preserves the inherent properties of drug/biomolecules and is devoid of any side effects associated with surgery. Various polymeric materials utilized in developing injectable hydrogels are associated with the limitations of toxicity, immunogenicity, tedious manufacturing processes, and lack of easy synthetic tunability. Peptides are an important class of biomaterials that have interesting properties such as biocompatibility, stimuli responsiveness, shear thinning, self-healing, and biosignaling. They lack immunogenicity and toxicity. Therefore, numerous peptide-based injectable hydrogels have been explored in the past, and a few of them have reached the market. In recent years, minimalistic dipeptides have shown their ability to form stable hydrogels through cooperative noncovalent interactions. In addition to inherent properties of lengthy peptide-based injectable hydrogels, dipeptides have the unique advantages of low production cost, high synthetic accessibility, and higher stability. Given the instances of expanding significance of injectable peptide hydrogels in biomedical research and an emerging recent trend of dipeptide-based injectable hydrogels, a timely review on dipeptide-based injectable hydrogels shall highlight various aspects of this interesting class of biomaterials. This concise review that focuses on the dipeptide injectable hydrogel may stimulate the current trends of research on this class of biomaterial to translate its significance as interesting products for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Prajakta Rao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Quality
Operations, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Knowledge City, Raidurg, Hyderabad 500081, Telangana, India
| | - Govinda Shivaji Jadhav
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bhakti Kulkarni
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Springer
Nature Technology and Publishing Solutions, Hadapsar, Pune 411013, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagaraju Kanakavalli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Aragen
Life Sciences Pvt, Ltd., Madhapur, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Shivani Kirad
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Sujit Salunke
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Vrushali Tanpure
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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Binaymotlagh R, Del Giudice A, Mignardi S, Amato F, Marrani AG, Sivori F, Cavallo I, Di Domenico EG, Palocci C, Chronopoulou L. Green In Situ Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles-Peptide Hydrogel Composites: Investigation of Their Antibacterial Activities. Gels 2022; 8:700. [PMID: 36354608 PMCID: PMC9689897 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper investigated the synthesis of peptide-based hydrogel composites containing photo-generated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained in the presence and absence of honey as tensile strength enhancer and hydrogel stabilizer. Fmoc-Phe and diphenylalanine (Phe2) were used as starting reagents for the hydrogelator synthesis via an enzymatic method. In particular, we developed an in situ one-pot approach for preparing AgNPs inside peptide hydrogels using a photochemical synthesis, without any toxic reducing agents, with reaction yields up to 30%. The structure and morphology of the nanohybrids were characterized with different techniques such as FESEM, UV-Vis, DLS, SAXS and XPS. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of these hybrid biomaterials was investigated on a laboratory strain and on a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Results demonstrated that honey increased both swelling ability and also mechanical stability of the hydrogel. Finally, a higher antibacterial effect of AgNPs in the hybrid was observed in the presence of honey. In particular, AgNPs/hgel and AgNPs/hgel-honey showed an enhanced antibacterial activity (3.12 mg/L) compared to the free form of AgNPs, alone or in combination with honey (6.25 mg/L) for both S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Binaymotlagh
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Giudice
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Mignardi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sivori
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Gallicano Institute, via E. Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Binaymotlagh R, Chronopoulou L, Haghighi FH, Fratoddi I, Palocci C. Peptide-Based Hydrogels: New Materials for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175871. [PMID: 36079250 PMCID: PMC9456777 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels have attracted increasing attention for biological applications and diagnostic research due to their impressive features including biocompatibility and biodegradability, injectability, mechanical stability, high water absorption capacity, and tissue-like elasticity. The aim of this review will be to present an updated report on the advancement of peptide-based hydrogels research activity in recent years in the field of anticancer drug delivery, antimicrobial and wound healing materials, 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering, and vaccines. Additionally, the biosensing applications of this key group of hydrogels will be discussed mainly focusing the attention on cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Binaymotlagh
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Farid Hajareh Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-991-3317
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6
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Self-Assembled Peptide Nanostructures for ECM Biomimicry. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132147. [PMID: 35807982 PMCID: PMC9268130 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are functional building blocks of living organisms that exert a wide variety of functions, but their synthesis and industrial production can be cumbersome and expensive. By contrast, short peptides are very convenient to prepare at a low cost on a large scale, and their self-assembly into nanostructures and gels is a popular avenue for protein biomimicry. In this Review, we will analyze the last 5-year progress on the incorporation of bioactive motifs into self-assembling peptides to mimic functional proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and guide cell fate inside hydrogel scaffolds.
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7
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Gelation Methods to Assemble Fibrous Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2347:149-165. [PMID: 34472063 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1574-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gelation is an efficient way to fabricate fibrous protein materials. Briefly, it is an aggregation process where protein molecules assembly from a random structure into an organized structure such as nanofibrillar networks. According to their mechanisms, the fibrous proteins gelation can be classified into physical gelation and chemical gelation. The physical gelation is formed by the conformational transformation of fibroin proteins, which can be triggered by temperature, concentration, pH, or shear force. On the other hand, the chemical gelation is to cross-link fibrous proteins through chemical and/or enzymatic reactions. In this chapter, we summarize the protocols for preparing fibrous protein hydrogels, including both physical and chemical methods. The mechanisms of these gelation methods are also highlighted.
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8
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Chronopoulou L, Di Nitto A, Papi M, Parolini O, Falconi M, Teti G, Muttini A, Lattanzi W, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, Del Giudice A, Galantini L, Zanoni R, Palocci C. Biosynthesis and physico-chemical characterization of high performing peptide hydrogels@graphene oxide composites. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:111989. [PMID: 34303114 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on short peptide molecules are interesting biomaterials with wide present and prospective use in biotechnologies. A well-known possible drawback of these materials can be their limited mechanical performance. In order to overcome this problem, we prepared Fmoc-Phe3self-assembling peptides by a biocatalytic approach, and we reinforced the hydrogel with graphene oxide nanosheets. The formulation here proposed confers to the hydrogel additional physicochemical properties without hampering peptide self-assembly. We investigated in depth the effect of nanocarbon morphology on hydrogel properties (i.e. morphology, viscoelastic properties, stiffness, resistance to an applied stress). In view of further developments towards possible clinical applications, we have preliminarily tested the biocompatibility of the composites. Our results showed that the innovative hydrogel composite formulation based on FmocPhe3 and GO is a biomaterial with improved mechanical properties that appears suitable for the development of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelio Muttini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; CIABC, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
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Effects of genipin concentration on cross-linked β-casein micelles as nanocarrier of naringenin: Colloidal properties, structural characterization and controlled release. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Ji M, Parquette JR. Enhanced Stability of Peptide Nanofibers Coated with a Conformal Layer of Polydopamine. Chemistry 2020; 26:8572-8578. [PMID: 32155295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of self-assembled materials to changes of environmental conditions and mechanical forces often limits their utility for many applications. In this work, the surface of nanofibers formed by β-sheet peptide self-assemblies were coated by polydopamine (PDA) deposition. This conformal coating process rendered the nanofiber dimensions and internal π-stacking chirality impervious to changes in pH, temperature, and physical processing by spin-coating onto a silicon wafer. Whereas sonication-induced shearing of the dopamine/naphthalenediimide-dilysine (DA/NDI-KK) composite irreversibly shortened the nanofibers into 100-200 nm segments, the uncoated nanofibers unraveled into single strands upon similar treatment. Additionally, the PDA-coated nanofibers could be wrapped by an additional layer comprised of a positively charged polyelectrolyte polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100W. 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Jon R Parquette
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100W. 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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11
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Wahab RA, Elias N, Abdullah F, Ghoshal SK. On the taught new tricks of enzymes immobilization: An all-inclusive overview. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Genipin as An Emergent Tool in the Design of Biocatalysts: Mechanism of Reaction and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin is a reagent isolated from the Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract, and whose low toxicity and good crosslinking properties have converted it into a reactive whose popularity is increasing by the day. These properties have made it widely used in many medical applications, mainly in the production of chitosan materials (crosslinked by this reactive), biological scaffolds for tissue engineering, and nanoparticles of chitosan and nanogels of proteins for controlled drug delivery, the genipin crosslinking being a key point to strengthen the stability of these materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of reaction of this reagent and its use in the design of biocatalysts, where genipin plays a double role, as a support activating agent and as inter- or intramolecular crosslinker. Its low toxicity makes this compound an ideal alterative to glutaraldehyde in these processes. Moreover, in some cases the features of the biocatalysts prepared using genipin surpassed those of the biocatalysts prepared using other standard crosslinkers, even disregarding toxicity. In this way, genipin is a very promising reagent in the design of biocatalysts.
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Wang Q, Jiang J, Xiong YL. Genipin-Aided Protein Cross-linking to Modify Structural and Rheological Properties of Emulsion-Filled Hempseed Protein Hydrogels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12895-12903. [PMID: 31682429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genipin, a natural electrophilic cross-linker, was applied (5, 10, 20, and 30 mM) to modify hempseed protein isolate (HPI). Genipin treatments resulted in general losses of total sulfhydryls (up to 2.9 nmol/mg) and free amines (up to 77.3 nmol/mg). Surface hydrophobicity decreased by nearly 90% with 30 mM genipin, corresponding to similar tryptophan fluorescence quenching. The genipin treatment converted HPI into highly cross-linked polymers. Hydrogels formed with such polymers when also incorporated with hemp oil emulsions exhibited substantially enhanced gelling ability: up to 3.3- and 2.6-fold increases, respectively, in gel strength and gel elasticity over genipin-untreated protein. The genipin-modified composite gels also exhibited superior water-holding capacity. Microstructural analysis revealed a compact gel network filled with protein-coated oil globules that interacted intimately with the protein matrix when treated with genipin. Such gels remained readily digestible. Hence, genipin-treated hemp protein hydrogels show promise as functional food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , at Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , at Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Youling L Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , at Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40546 , United States
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Li J, Xing R, Bai S, Yan X. Recent advances of self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1704-1715. [PMID: 30724947 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02573h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels have been proven to be preeminent biomedical materials due to their high water content, tunable mechanical stability, great biocompatibility and excellent injectability. The ability of peptide-based hydrogels to provide extracellular matrix-mimicking environments opens up opportunities for their biomedical applications in fields such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. In this review, we first describe several methods commonly used for the fabrication of robust peptide-based hydrogels, including spontaneous hydrogelation, enzyme-controlled hydrogelation and cross-linking-enhanced hydrogelation. We then introduce some representative studies on their applications in drug delivery and antitumor therapy, antimicrobial and wound healing materials, and 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering. We hope that this review facilitates the advances of hydrogels in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, 100190 Beijing, China.
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