1
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Sun H, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Cao R. Improvement of the catalytic performance of chitosanase Csn-PD from Paenibacillus dendritiformis by semi-rational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130753. [PMID: 38462094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) possess versatile functional properties that have found extensive applications across various fields. Chitosanase can specifically hydrolyze β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in chitosan to produce COS. In this study, Csn-PD, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase from Paenibacillus dendritiformis, which produces (GlcN)2 as its main product, was rationally redesigned aiming to improve its catalytic performance. Based on the results of molecular docking analysis and multiple sequence alignment, four amino acid residues in Csn-PD (I101, T120, T220, and Y259) were pinpointed for targeted mutations. Beneficial mutations in terms of enhanced catalytic activity were then combined by site-directed mutagenesis. Notably, the most promising variant, Csn-PDT6 (Csn-PD I101M/T120E/T220G), exhibited an impressive eight-fold surge in activity compared to the wild-type Csn-PD. This heightened enzymatic activity was complemented by an enhanced pH stability profile. A compelling feature of Csn-PDT6 is its preservation of the hydrolytic product profile observed in Csn-PD. This characteristic further accentuates its candidacy for the targeted production of (GlcN)2. The success of our strategic approach is vividly illustrated by the significant improvements achieved in the catalytic performance of the chitosanase, encompassing both its activity and stability. These developments offer a valuable model that may have implications for the semi-rational design of other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yimeng Cheng
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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2
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Gao W, Ding F, Wu J, Ma W, Wang C, Man Z, Cai Z, Guo J. Modulation of a Loop Region in the Substrate Binding Pocket Affects the Degree of Polymerization of Bacillus subtilis Chitosanase Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4358-4366. [PMID: 38349745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The hydrolytic products of chitosanase from Streptomyces avermitilis (SaCsn46A) were found to be aminoglucose and chitobiose, whereas those of chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis (BsCsn46A) were chitobiose and chitotriose. Therefore, the sequence alignment between SaCsn46A and BsCsn46A was conducted, revealing that the structure of BsCsn46A possesses an extra loop region (194N-200T) at the substrate binding pocket. To clarify the impact of this loop on hydrolytic properties, three mutants, SC, TJN, and TJA, were constructed. Eventually, the experimental results indicated that SC changed the ratio of chitobiose to chitotriose hydrolyzed by chitosanase from 1:1 into 2:3, while TJA resulted in a ratio of 15:7. This experiment combined molecular research to unveil a crucial loop within the substrate binding pocket of chitosanase. It also provides an effective strategy for mutagenesis and a foundation for altering hydrolysate composition and further applications in engineering chitosanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weiqi Ma
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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3
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Guo J, Gao W, Zhang X, Pan W, Zhang X, Man Z, Cai Z. Enhancing the thermostability and catalytic activity of Bacillus subtilis chitosanase by saturation mutagenesis of Lys242. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300010. [PMID: 37705423 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis activity and thermostability are some of the fundamental characteristic of enzymes, which are of great significance to their industrial applications. Bacillus subtilis chitosanase BsCsn46A is a kind of enzyme with good catalytic activity and stability, which can hydrolyze chitosan to produce chitobiose and chitotriose. In order to further improve the catalytic activity and stability of BsCsn46A, saturation mutagenesis of the C-terminal K242 of BsCsn46A was performed. The results showed that the six mutants (K242A, K242D, K242E, K242F, K242P, and K242T) showed increased catalytic activity on chitosan. The catalytic activity of K242P increased from 12971 ± 597 U mg-1 of wild type to 17820 ± 344 U mg-1 , and the thermostability of K242P increased by 2.27%. In order to elucidate the reason for the change of enzymatic properties, hydrogen network, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out. The hydrogen network results showed that all the mutants lose their interaction with Asp6 at 242 site, thereby increasing the flexibility of Glu19 at the junction sites of α1 and loop1. Molecular dynamics results showed that the RMSD of K242P was lower at both 313 and 323 K than that of other mutants, which supported that K242P had better thermostability. The catalytic activity of mutant K242P reached 17820.27 U mg-1 , the highest level reported so far, which could be a robust candidate for the industrial application of chitooligosaccharide (COS) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Pan
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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4
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Su H, Sun J, Guo C, Wang Y, Secundo F, Dong H, Mao X. Structure-based mining of a chitosanase with distinctive degradation mode and product specificity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6859-6871. [PMID: 37713113 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan derivates with varying degrees of polymerization (DP) have attracted great concern due to their excellent biological activities. Increasing the abundance of chitosanases with different degradation modes contributes to revealing their catalytic mechanisms and facilitating the production of chitosan derivates. However, the identification of endo-chitosanases capable of producing chitobiose and D-glucosamine (GlcN) from chitosan substrates has remained elusive. Herein, an endo-chitosanase (CsnCA) belonging to the GH46 family was identified based on structural analysis in phylogenetic evolution. Moreover, we demonstrate that CsnCA acts in a random endo-acting manner, producing chitosan derivatives with DP ≤ 2. The in-depth analysis of CsnCA revealed that (GlcN)3 serves as the minimal substrate, undergoing cleavage in the mode that occupies the subsites - 2 to + 1, resulting in the release of GlcN. This study succeeded in discovering a chitosanase with distinctive degradation modes, which could facilitate the mechanistic understanding of chitosanases, further empowering the production of chitosan derivates with specific DP. KEY POINTS: • Structural docking and evolutionary analysis guide to mining the chitosanase. • The endo-chitosanase exhibits a unique GlcN-producing cleavage pattern. • The cleavage direction of chitosanase to produce GlcN was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Su
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Chaoran Guo
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto Di Scienze E Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Via Bianco Mario, 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Hao Dong
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Xu Y, Wang H, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang L. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel chitosanase cloned from the gene of Kitasatospora setae KM-6054 and its application in the production of chitooligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:111. [PMID: 36905451 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitosanase could degrade chitosan efficiently under mild conditions to prepare chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs). COS possesses versatile physiological activities and has wide application prospects in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Herein, a new glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (CscB) was cloned from Kitasatospora setae KM-6054 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant chitosanase CscB was purified by Ni-charged magnetic beads and showed a relative molecular weight of 29.19 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). CscB showed the maximal activity (1094.21 U/mg) at pH 6.0 and 30 °C. It was revealed that CscB is a cold-adapted enzyme. CscB was determined to be an endo-type chitosanase with a polymerization degree of the final product mainly in the range of 2-4. This new cold-adapted chitosanase provides an efficient enzyme tool for clean production of COSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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6
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Xia C, Li D, Qi M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu Z, Du X, Zhao Y, Yu K, Huang Y, Li Z, Ye X, Cui Z. Preparation of chitooligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization and anti-microbial properties using the novel chitosanase AqCsn1. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 203:106199. [PMID: 36372201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanases hydrolyze chitosan into chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with various biological activities, which are widely employed in many areas including plant disease management. In this study, the novel chitosanase AqCsn1 belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 46 (GH46) was cloned from Aquabacterium sp. A7-Y and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). AqCsn1 displayed the highest hydrolytic activity towards chitosan with 95% degree of deacetylation at 40 °C and pH 5.0, with a specific activity of 13.18 U/mg. Product analysis showed that AqCsn1 hydrolyzed chitosan into (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3 as the main products, demonstrating an endo-type cleavage pattern. Evaluation of antagonistic activity showed that the hydrolysis products of AqCsn1 suppress the mycelial growth of Magnaporthe oryzae and Phytophthora sojae in a concentration-dependent manner, and the inhibition rate of P. sojae reached 39.82% at a concentration of 8 g/L. Our study demonstrates that AqCsn1 and hydrolysis products with a low degree of polymerization might have potential applications in the biological control of agricultural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ding Li
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mengyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yiheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zejia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xin Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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7
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Su H, Zhao H, Jia Z, Guo C, Sun J, Mao X. Biochemical Characterization of a GH46 Chitosanase Provides Insights into the Novel Digestion Specificity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2038-2048. [PMID: 36661321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Endo-chitosanases (EC 3.2.1.132) are generally considered to selectively release functional chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) with degrees of polymerization (DPs) ≥ 2. Although numerous endo-chitosanases have been characterized, the digestion specificity of endo-chitosanases needs to be further explored. In this study, a GH46 endo-chitosanase OUC-CsnPa was cloned, expressed, and characterized from Paenibacillus sp. 1-18. The digestion pattern analysis indicated that OUC-CsnPa could produce monosaccharides from chitotetraose [(GlcN)4], the smallest recognized substrate, in a random endo-acting manner. Especially, the enzyme specificities during chitosan digestion including the regulation of product abundance through a transglycosylation reaction were also evaluated. It was hypothesized that an insertion region in OUC-CsnPa may form a strong force to be involved in stabilizing (GlcN)4 at its negative subsite for efficient hydrolysis. This is the first comprehensive report to reveal the digestion specificity and subsite specificity of monosaccharide production by endo-chitosanases. Overall, OUC-CsnPa described here highlights the previously unknown digestion properties of the endo-acting chitosanases and provides a unique example of possible structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenrong Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chaoran Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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8
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Chen H, Lin B, Zhang R, Gong Z, Wen M, Su W, Zhou J, Zhao L, Wang J. Controllable preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides via a recombinant chitosanase from marine Streptomyces lydicus S1 and its potential application on preservation of pre-packaged tofu. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007201. [PMID: 36225376 PMCID: PMC9549211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are widely applied in many areas due to its various biological activities. Controllable preparation of COSs with desired degree of polymerization (DP) via suitable chitosanase is of great value. Herein, a novel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (SlCsn46) from marine Streptomyces lydicus S1 was prepared, characterized and used to controllably produce COSs with different DP. The specific activity of purified recombinant SlCsn46 was 1,008.5 U/mg. The optimal temperature and pH of purified SlCsn46 were 50°C and 6.0, respectively. Metal ions Mn2+ could improve the stability of SlCsn46. Additionally, SlCsn46 can efficiently hydrolyze 2% and 4% colloidal chitosan to prepare COSs with DP 2–4, 2–5, and 2–6 by adjusting the amount of SlCsn46 added. Moreover, COSs with DP 2–4, 2–5, and 2–6 exhibited potential application value for prolonging the shelf-life of pre-packaged Tofu. The water-holding capacity (WHC), sensorial properties, total viable count (TVC), pH and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) of pre-packed tofu incorporated with 4 mg/mL COSs with DP 2–4, 2–5, and 2–6 were better than those of the control during 15 days of storage at 10°C. Thus, the controllable hydrolysis strategy provides an effective method to prepare COSs with desired DP and its potential application on preservation of pre-packed tofu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bilian Lin
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Zhouliang Gong
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Weiming Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Liangzhong Zhao
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Liangzhong Zhao,
| | - Jianrong Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- Jianrong Wang,
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9
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Enhancement of the performance of the GH75 family chitosanases by fusing a carbohydrate binding module and insights into their substrate binding mechanisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Qiu S, Zhou S, Tan Y, Feng J, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Biodegradation and Prospect of Polysaccharide from Crustaceans. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:310. [PMID: 35621961 PMCID: PMC9146327 DOI: 10.3390/md20050310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine crustacean waste has not been fully utilized and is a rich source of chitin. Enzymatic degradation has attracted the wide attention of researchers due to its unique biocatalytic ability to protect the environment. Chitosan (CTS) and its derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with various biological activities can be obtained by the enzymatic degradation of chitin. Many studies have shown that chitosan and its derivatives, chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs), have beneficial properties, including lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities, and have important application value in the medical treatment field, the food industry and agriculture. In this review, we describe the classification, biochemical characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of the major degrading enzymes: chitinases, chitin deacetylases (CDAs) and chitosanases. We also introduced the technology for enzymatic design and modification and proposed the current problems and development trends of enzymatic degradation of chitin polysaccharides. The discussion on the characteristics and catalytic mechanism of chitosan-degrading enzymes will help to develop new types of hydrolases by various biotechnology methods and promote their application in chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Qiu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Q.); (S.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.F.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shipeng Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Q.); (S.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.F.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Q.); (S.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.F.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayao Feng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Q.); (S.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.F.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China; (Y.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China; (Y.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China;
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.Q.); (S.Z.); (Y.T.); (J.F.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Zhang W, Zhou J, Gu Q, Sun R, Yang W, Lu Y, Wang C, Yu X. Heterologous Expression of GH5 Chitosanase in Pichia pastoris and Antioxidant Biological Activity of Its Chitooligosacchride Hydrolysate. J Biotechnol 2022; 348:55-63. [PMID: 35304164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanase was widely used in the production of bioactive chitooligosacchride (CHOS) due to their safety, controllability, environmental protection, and biodegradability. Studies showed that the bioactivity of CHOS is closely related to its degree of polymerization. Therefore, the production of ideal polymerized CHOS becomes our primary goal. In this study, the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 chitosanase was successfully expressed heterologously in Pichia pastoris. After 96h of high-density fermentation, the chitosanase activity reached 90.62 U·mL-1, the protein content reached 9.76mg·mL-1. When 2% chitosan was hydrolyzed by crude enzyme (20U/mL), the hydrolysis rate reached 91.2% after 8h, producing a mixture of CHOS with 2-4 desirable degrees of polymerization (DP). Then, the antioxidant activity of CHOS mixture was investigated, and the results showed that the antioxidant effect was concentration-dependent and had great application potential in the field of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuya Gu
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruobin Sun
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenhua Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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12
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Biochemical characterization and cleavage pattern analysis of a novel chitosanase with cellulase activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1979-1990. [PMID: 35175399 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanases are critical tools for the preparation of active oligosaccharides, whose composition is related to the cleavage pattern of the enzyme. Although numerous chitosanases have been characterized, the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 chitosanases with other activities have rarely been investigated. Herein, a novel and second GH5 chitosanase OUC-Csngly from Streptomyces bacillaris was cloned and further characterized by expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Interestingly, OUC-Csngly possessed dual chitosanase and cellulase activities. Molecular docking analysis showed that the C-2 group of sugar units affected the binding of the enzyme to oligosaccharides, which could result in different cleavage patterns toward chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) and cello-oligosaccharides. Further, we characterized OUC-Csngly's distinctive cleavage patterns toward two different types of oligosaccharides. Meanwhile, endo-type chitosanase OUC-Csngly generated (GlcN) - (GlcN)4 from chitosan, was significantly different from other chitosanases. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the different cleavage patterns of chitosanase for COSs and cello-oligosaccharides.Key points• The molecular docking showed C-2 group of sugar units in substrate affecting the cleavage pattern.• The first chitosanase exhibited different cleavage patterns towards chito- and cello-oligosaccharides.• The groups at C-2 influence the subsite composition of the enzyme's active cleft.
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13
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Wang J, Li X, Chen H, Lin B, Zhao L. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a High-Efficiency Chitosanase From Bacillus mojavensis SY1 Suitable for Production of Chitosan Oligosaccharides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781138. [PMID: 34912320 PMCID: PMC8667621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase plays an important role in enzymatic production of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs). The present study describes the gene cloning and high-level expression of a high-efficiency chitosanase from Bacillus mojavensis SY1 (CsnBm). The gene encoding CsnBm was obtained by homologous cloning, ligated to pPICZαA, and transformed into Pichia pastoris X33. A recombinant strain designated X33-C3 with the highest activity was isolated from 120 recombinant colonies. The maximum activity and total protein concentration of recombinant strain X33-C3 were 6,052 U/ml and 3.75 g/l, respectively, which were obtained in fed-batch cultivation in a 50-l bioreactor. The optimal temperature and pH of purified CsnBm were 55°C and 5.5, respectively. Meanwhile, CsnBm was stable from pH 4.0 to 9.0 and 40 to 55°C. The purified CsnBm exhibited high activity toward colloidal chitosan with degrees of deacetylation from 85 to 95%. Furthermore, CsnBm exhibited high efficiency to hydrolyze different concentration of colloidal chitosan to produce COSs. The result of this study not only identifies a high-efficiency chitosanase for preparation of COSs, but also casts some insight into the high-level production of chitosanase in heterologous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wang
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Bioengineering Research Center, Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Bilian Lin
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Liangzhong Zhao
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
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14
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Zhang LL, Jiang XH, Xiao XF, Zhang WX, Shi YQ, Wang ZP, Zhou HX. Expression and Characterization of a Novel Cold-Adapted Chitosanase from Marine Renibacterium sp. Suitable for Chitooligosaccharides Preparation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:596. [PMID: 34822467 PMCID: PMC8620120 DOI: 10.3390/md19110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have numerous applications due to their excellent properties. Chitosan hydrolysis using chitosanases has been proposed as an advisable method for COS preparation. Although many chitosanases from various sources have been identified, the cold-adapted ones with high stability are still rather rare but required. (2) Methods: A novel chitosanase named CsnY from marine bacterium Renibacterium sp. Y82 was expressed in Escherichia coli, following sequence analysis. Then, the characterizations of recombinant CsnY purified through Ni-NTA affinity chromatography were conducted, including effects of pH and temperature, effects of metal ions and chemicals, and final product analysis. (3) Results: The GH46 family chitosanase CsnY possessed promising thermostability at broad temperature range (0-50 °C), and with optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 6.0, especially showing relatively high activity (over 80% of its maximum activity) at low temperatures (20-30 °C), which demonstrated the cold-adapted property. Common metal ions or chemicals had no obvious effect on CsnY except Mn2+ and Co2+. Finally, CsnY was determined to be an endo-type chitosanase generating chitodisaccharides and -trisaccharides as main products, whose total concentration reached 56.74 mM within 2 h against 2% (w/v) initial chitosan substrate. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest the cold-adapted CsnY with favorable stability has desirable potential for the industrial production of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China; (L.-L.Z.); (X.-F.X.); (W.-X.Z.); (Y.-Q.S.)
| | - Xiao-Hua Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - Xin-Feng Xiao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China; (L.-L.Z.); (X.-F.X.); (W.-X.Z.); (Y.-Q.S.)
| | - Wen-Xiu Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China; (L.-L.Z.); (X.-F.X.); (W.-X.Z.); (Y.-Q.S.)
| | - Yi-Qian Shi
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China; (L.-L.Z.); (X.-F.X.); (W.-X.Z.); (Y.-Q.S.)
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
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15
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Guo J, Wang Y, Gao W, Wang X, Gao X, Man Z, Cai Z, Qing Q. Gene Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of a Novel GH46 Chitosanase from Streptomyces avermitilis (SaCsn46A). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:813-826. [PMID: 34542822 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A n ovel glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase (SaCsn46A) from Streptomyces avermitilis was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) strains. SaCsn46A consists of 271 amino acids, which includes a 34-amino acid signal peptide. The protein sequence of SaCsn46A shows maximum identity (83.5%) to chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E. Then, the mature enzyme was purified to homogeneity through Ni-chelating affinity chromatography with a recovery yield of 78% and the molecular mass of purified enzyme was estimated to be 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant enzyme possessed a temperature optimum of 45 °C and a pH optimum of 6.2, and it was stable at pH ranging from 4.0 to 9.0 and below 30 °C. The Km and Vmax values of this enzyme were 1.32 mg/mL, 526.32 U/mg/min, respectively (chitosan as substrate). The enzyme activity can be enhanced by Mg2+ and especially Mn2+, which could enhance the activity about 3.62-fold at a 3-mM concentration. The enzyme can hydrolyze a variety of polysaccharides which are linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds such as chitin, xylan, and cellulose, but it could not hydrolyze polysaccharides linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The results of thin-layer chromatography and HPLC showed that the enzyme exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern and could hydrolyze chitosan to glucosamine (GlcN) and (GlcN)2. This study demonstrated that SaCsn46A is a promising enzyme to produce glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinrou Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Zaozhuang Key Laboratory of Corn Bioengineering, Zaozhuang Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Enzyme, Shandong Hengren Gongmao Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China. .,Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Qing Qing
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
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16
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Cui D, Yang J, Lu B, Shen H. Efficient Preparation of Chitooligosaccharide With a Potential Chitosanase Csn-SH and Its Application for Fungi Disease Protection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682829. [PMID: 34220769 PMCID: PMC8249199 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosanase plays a vital role in bioactive chitooligosaccharide preparation. Here, we characterized and prepared a potential GH46 family chitosanase from Bacillus atrophaeus BSS. The purified recombinant enzyme Csn-SH showed a molecular weight of 27.0 kDa. Csn-SH displayed maximal activity toward chitosan at pH 5.0 and 45°C. Thin-layer chromatography and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry indicated that Csn-SH mainly hydrolyzed chitosan into (GlcN)2, (GlcN)3, and (GlcN)4 with an endo-type cleavage pattern. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that Csn-SH cleaved the glycoside bonds between subsites −2 and + 1 of (GlcN)6. Importantly, the chitosan hydrolysis rate of Csn-SH reached 80.57% within 40 min, which could reduce time and water consumption. The hydrolysates prepared with Csn-SH exhibited a good antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae and Colletotrichum higginsianum. The above results suggested that Csn-SH could be used to produce active chitooligosaccharides efficiently that are biocontrol agents applicable for safe and sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bosi Lu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Chen T, Cheng G, Jiao S, Ren L, Zhao C, Wei J, Han J, Pei M, Du Y, Li JJ. Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Marine Chitosanase from Streptomyces niveus Suitable for Preparation of Chitobiose. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:300. [PMID: 34073769 PMCID: PMC8225178 DOI: 10.3390/md19060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that bioactivities of chitooligosaccharide (COS) are closely related to the degree of polymerization (DP); therefore, it is essential to prepare COS with controllable DP, such as chitobiose showing high antioxidant and antihyperlipidemia activities. In this study, BLAST, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of characterized glycoside hydrolase (GH) 46 endo-chitosanases revealed that a chitosanase Sn1-CSN from Streptomyces niveus was different from others. Sn1-CSN was overexpressed in E. coli, purified and characterized in detail. It showed the highest activity at pH 6.0 and exhibited superior stability between pH 4.0 and pH 11.0. Sn1-CSN displayed the highest activity at 50 °C and was fairly stable at ≤45 °C. Its apparent kinetic parameters against chitosan (DDA: degree of deacetylation, >94%) were determined, with Km and kcat values of 1.8 mg/mL and 88.3 s-1, respectively. Cu2+ enhanced the activity of Sn1-CSN by 54.2%, whereas Fe3+ inhibited activity by 15.1%. Hydrolysis products of chitosan (DDA > 94%) by Sn1-CSN were mainly composed of chitobiose (87.3%), whereas partially acetylated chitosan with DDA 69% was mainly converted into partially acetylated COS with DP 2-13. This endo-chitosanase has great potential to be used for the preparation of chitobiose and partially acetylated COS with different DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Gong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Siming Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Lishi Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
| | - Jinhua Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Juntian Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Yuguang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, PLA, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (G.C.); (S.J.); (L.R.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
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18
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Pang Y, Yang J, Chen X, Jia Y, Li T, Jin J, Liu H, Jiang L, Hao Y, Zhang H, Xie Y. An Antifungal Chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis SH21. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071863. [PMID: 33806149 PMCID: PMC8036696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis SH21 was observed to produce an antifungal protein that inhibited the growth of F. solani. To purify this protein, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography were used. The purity of the purified product was 91.33% according to high-performance liquid chromatography results. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the protein is 30.72 kDa. The results of the LC–MS/MS analysis and a subsequent sequence-database search indicated that this protein was a chitosanase, and thus, we named it chitosanase SH21. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that chitosanase SH21 appeared to inhibit the growth of F. solani by causing hyphal ablation, distortion, or abnormalities, and cell-wall depression. The minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosanase SH21 against F. solani was 68 µg/mL. Subsequently, the corresponding gene was cloned and sequenced, and sequence analysis indicated an open reading frame of 831 bp. The predicted secondary structure indicated that chitosanase SH21 has a typical a-helix from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 46 family. The tertiary structure shared 40% similarity with that of Streptomyces sp. N174. This study provides a theoretical basis for a topical cream against fungal infections in agriculture and a selection marker on fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Junhua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Science of Beijing and Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticides, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Safety Immune Rapid Detection, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.P.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (J.J.); (H.L.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.X.)
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19
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Liang D, Andersen CB, Vetukuri RR, Dou D, Grenville-Briggs LJ. Horizontal Gene Transfer and Tandem Duplication Shape the Unique CAZyme Complement of the Mycoparasitic Oomycetes Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581698. [PMID: 33329445 PMCID: PMC7720654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop protection strategies that are effective but that reduce our reliance on chemical pesticides are urgently needed to meet the UN sustainable development goals for global food security. Mycoparasitic oomycetes such as Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum, have potential for the biological control of plant diseases that threaten crops and have attracted much attention due to their abilities to antagonize plant pathogens and modulate plant immunity. Studies of the molecular and genetic determinants of mycoparasitism in these species have been less well developed than those of their fungal counterparts. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) from P. oligandrum and P. periplocum are predicted to be important components of mycoparasitism, being involved in the degradation of the cell wall of their oomycete and fungal prey species. To explore the evolution of CAZymes of these species we performed an in silico identification and comparison of the full CAZyme complement (CAZyome) of the two mycoparasitic Pythium species (P. oligandrum and P. periplocum), with seven other Pythium species, and four Phytophthora species. Twenty CAZy gene families involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, glucan, and chitin were expanded in, or unique to, mycoparasitic Pythium species and several of these genes were expressed during mycoparasitic interactions with either oomycete or fungal prey, as revealed by RNA sequencing and quantitative qRT-PCR. Genes from three of the cellulose and chitin degrading CAZy families (namely AA9, GH5_14, and GH19) were expanded via tandem duplication and predominantly located in gene sparse regions of the genome, suggesting these enzymes are putative pathogenicity factors able to undergo rapid evolution. In addition, five of the CAZy gene families were likely to have been obtained from other microbes by horizontal gene transfer events. The mycoparasitic species are able to utilize complex carbohydrates present in fungal cell walls, namely chitin and N-acetylglucosamine for growth, in contrast to their phytopathogenic counterparts. Nonetheless, a preference for the utilization of simple sugars for growth appears to be a common trait within the oomycete lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Laura J Grenville-Briggs
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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20
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Wang Y, Qin Z, Fan L, Zhao L. Structure-function analysis of Gynuella sunshinyii chitosanase uncovers the mechanism of substrate binding in GH family 46 members. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2038-2048. [PMID: 33080262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) is a kind of functional carbohydrates with great application potential as its various biological functions in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical fields. Exploring the relationship between structure and function of chitosanase is essential for the controllable preparation of chitooligosaccharides with the specific degree of polymerization (DP). GsCsn46A is a cold-adapted glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase with application potential for the controllable preparation of chitooligosaccharides. Here, we present two complex structures with substrate chitopentaose and chitotetraose of GsCsn46A, respectively. The overall structure of GsCsn46A contains nine α-helices and two β-strands that folds into two globular domains with the substrate between them. The unique binding positions of both chitopentaose and chitotetraose revealed two novel sugar residues in the negatively-numbered subsites of GH family 46 chitosanases. The structure-function analysis of GsCsn46A uncovers the substrate binding and catalysis mechanism of GH family 46 chitosanases. Structural basis mutagenesis in GsCsn46A indicated that altering interactions near +3 subsite would help produce hydrolysis products with higher DP. Specifically, the mutant N21W of GsCsn46A nearly eliminated the ability of hydrolyzing chitotetraose after long-time degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Wang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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21
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Sun H, Yang G, Cao R, Mao X, Liu Q. Expression and characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase identified from marine mud metagenome. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:904-910. [PMID: 32446901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitosanase gene, csn4, was identified through function-based screening of a marine mud metagenomic library. The encoded protein, named CSN4, which belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 46, showed its maximum identity (79%) with Methylobacter tundripaludum peptidoglycan-binding protein. CSN4 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. It displayed maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 7. A weakly-alkaline solution strongly inhibited the activity. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by addition of Mn2+ or Co2+. CSN4 exhibited strict substrate specificity for chitosan, and the activity was enhanced by increasing the degree of deacetylation. Thin-layer chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry showed that CSN4 displayed an endo-type cleavage pattern, hydrolyzing chitosan mainly into (GlcN)2, (GlcN)3 and (GlcN)4. The novel characteristics of the chitosanase CSN4 make it a potential candidate to produce chitooligosaccharides from chitosan in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guosong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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22
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Luo S, Qin Z, Chen Q, Fan L, Jiang L, Zhao L. High level production of a Bacillus amlyoliquefaciens chitosanase in Pichia pastoris suitable for chitooligosaccharides preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1034-1041. [PMID: 32027900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are hydrolytic products of chitosan that are essential in functional food, medicine, and other fields due to their biological activities. Commercial COS are often prepared by the hydrolysis of chitosan by chitosanase. In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 cluster B chitosanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BaCsn46B) was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was secreted into the culture medium that reached a total extracellular protein concentration of 4.5 g/L with an activity of 8907.2 U/mL in a high cell density fermenter (5 L). The molecular mass of deglycosylated BaCsn46B was 29.0 kDa. Purified BaCsn46B exhibited excellent enzymatic properties, which had high specific activity (2380.5 U/mg) under optimal reaction conditions (55 °C and pH 6.5). BaCsn46B hydrolyzed chitosan yielded a series of COS with different degrees of polymerization by endo-type cleavage. The end hydrolytic products of BaCsn46B were chitobiose and chitotriose, while no monosaccharide yield was evident in the hydrolytic reaction. The excellent secreted expression level and hydrolytic performance make the enzyme a desirable biocatalyst for the industrial preparation of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Luo
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qiming Chen
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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Affes S, Maalej H, Aranaz I, Acosta N, Heras Á, Nasri M. Enzymatic production of low-Mw chitosan-derivatives: Characterization and biological activities evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:279-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Yang G, Sun H, Cao R, Liu Q, Mao X. Characterization of a novel glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase, Csn-BAC, from Bacillus sp. MD-5. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:518-523. [PMID: 31917207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanases play an important role in chitosan degradation, and the enzymatic degradation products of chitosan show various biological activities. Here, a novel glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase (named Csn-BAC) from Bacillus sp. MD-5 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 35 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Csn-BAC showed maximal activity toward colloidal chitosan at pH 7 and 40 °C. The enzymatic activity of Csn-BAC was enhanced by Mn2+, Cu2+ and Co2+ at 1 mM, and by Mn2+ at 5 mM. Thin-layer chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry results demonstrated that Csn-BAC exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern and hydrolyzed chitosan to yield, mainly, (GlcN)2 and (GlcN)3. The enzymatic properties of this chitosanase may make it a good candidate for use in oligosaccharide production-based industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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25
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Liu Y, Li Y, Tong S, Yuan M, Wang X, Wang J, Fan Y. Expression of a Beauveria bassiana chitosanase (BbCSN-1) in Pichia pastoris and enzymatic analysis of the recombinant protein. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 166:105519. [PMID: 31629955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132) is an important chitosan-degrading enzyme involved in industrial applications. In this study, a chitosanase gene (BbCSN-1) from Beauveria bassiana, an insect fungal pathogen, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The amount of BbCSN-1 in the fermentation broth of P. pastoris gradually increased after induction with methanol from one to 6 d, reaching 398 μg/ml on the 6th day. The molecular characteristics of BbCSN-1 were measured with colloidal chitosan as a substrate. The purified BbCSN-1 exhibited optimum activity at pH 5 and 30 °C and was stable at pH 2-8 and below 40 °C. The Km value of BbCSN-1 was approximately 0.8 mg/ml at 30 °C (pH 6.0). The activity of BbCSN-1 was significantly enhanced by Mn2+ but inhibited by Co2+ and Cu2+. These results indicated that BbCSN-1 from B. bassiana could be easily expressed in P. pastoris, which provided a basis for further study on its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanling Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sheng Tong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Min Yuan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junyao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, 400716, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China.
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26
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Kaczmarek MB, Struszczyk-Swita K, Li X, Szczęsna-Antczak M, Daroch M. Enzymatic Modifications of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:243. [PMID: 31612131 PMCID: PMC6776590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and its N-deacetylated derivative chitosan are two biological polymers that have found numerous applications in recent years, but their further deployment suffers from limitations in obtaining a defined structure of the polymers using traditional conversion methods. The disadvantages of the currently used industrial methods of chitosan manufacturing and the increasing demand for a broad range of novel chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) with a fully defined architecture increase interest in chitin and chitosan-modifying enzymes. Enzymes such as chitinases, chitosanases, chitin deacetylases, and recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases had attracted considerable interest in recent years. These proteins are already useful tools toward the biotechnological transformation of chitin into chitosan and chitooligosaccharides, especially when a controlled non-degradative and well-defined process is required. This review describes traditional and novel enzymatic methods of modification of chitin and its derivatives. Recent advances in chitin processing, discovery of increasing number of new, well-characterized enzymes and development of genetic engineering methods result in rapid expansion of the field. Enzymatic modification of chitin and chitosan may soon become competitive to conventional conversion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benedykt Kaczmarek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.,School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xingkang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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