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New perspectives into Gluconobacter-catalysed biotransformations. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108127. [PMID: 36924811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Different from other aerobic microorganisms that oxidise carbon sources to water and carbon dioxide, Gluconobacter catalyses the incomplete oxidation of various substrates with regio- and stereoselectivity. This ability, as well as its capacity to release the resulting products into the reaction media, place Gluconobacter as a privileged member of a non-model microorganism class that may boost industrial biotechnology. Knowledge of new technologies applied to Gluconobacter has been piling up in recent years. Advancements in its genetic modification, application of immobilisation tools and careful designs of the transformations, have improved productivities and stabilities of Gluconobacter strains or enabled new bioconversions for the production of valuable marketable chemicals. In this work, the latest advancements applied to Gluconobacter-catalysed biotransformations are summarised with a special focus on recent available tools to improve them. From genetic and metabolic engineering to bioreactor design, the most recent works on the topic are analysed in depth to provide a comprehensive resource not only for scientists and technologists working on/with Gluconobacter, but for the general biotechnologist.
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Battling S, Pastoors J, Deitert A, Götzen T, Hartmann L, Schröder E, Yordanov S, Büchs J. Development of a novel defined minimal medium for Gluconobacter oxydans 621H by systematic investigation of metabolic demands. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:31. [DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Historically, complex media are used for the cultivation of Gluconobacter oxydans in industry and research. Using complex media has different drawbacks like higher costs for downstream processing and significant variations in fermentation performances. Synthetic media can overcome those drawbacks, lead to reproducible fermentation performances. However, the development of a synthetic medium is time and labour consuming. Detailed knowledge about auxotrophies and metabolic requirements of G. oxydans is necessary. In this work, we use a systematic approach applying the in-house developed μRAMOS technology to identify auxotrophies and develop a defined minimal medium for cultivation of G. oxydans fdh, improving the production process of the natural sweetener 5-ketofructose.
Results
A rich, defined synthetic medium, consisting of 48 components, including vitamins, amino acids and trace elements, was used as a basis for medium development. In a comprehensive series of experiments, component groups and single media components were individually omitted from or supplemented to the medium and analysed regarding their performance. Main components like salts and trace elements were necessary for the growth of G. oxydans fdh, whereas nucleotides were shown to be non-essential. Moreover, results indicated that the amino acids isoleucine, glutamate and glycine and the vitamins nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid are necessary for the growth of G. oxydans fdh. The glutamate concentration was increased three-fold, functioning as a precursor for amino acid synthesis. Finally, a defined minimal medium called ‘Gluconobacter minimal medium’ was developed. The performance of this medium was tested in comparison with commonly used media for Gluconobacter. Similar/competitive results regarding cultivation time, yield and productivity were obtained. Moreover, the application of the medium in a fed-batch fermentation process was successfully demonstrated.
Conclusion
The systematic investigation of a wide range of media components allowed the successful development of the Gluconobacter minimal medium. This chemically defined medium contains only 14 ingredients, customised for the cultivation of G. oxydans fdh and 5-ketofructose production. This enables a more straightforward process development regarding upstream and downstream processing. Moreover, metabolic demands of G. oxydans were identified, which further can be used in media or strain development for different processes.
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da Silva GAR, Oliveira SSDS, Lima SF, do Nascimento RP, Baptista ARDS, Fiaux SB. The industrial versatility of Gluconobacter oxydans: current applications and future perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:134. [PMID: 35688964 PMCID: PMC9187504 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans is a well-known acetic acid bacterium that has long been applied in the biotechnological industry. Its extraordinary capacity to oxidize a variety of sugars, polyols, and alcohols into acids, aldehydes, and ketones is advantageous for the production of valuable compounds. Relevant G. oxydans industrial applications are in the manufacture of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), miglitol, gluconic acid and its derivatives, and dihydroxyacetone. Increasing efforts on improving these processes have been made in the last few years, especially by applying metabolic engineering. Thereby, a series of genes have been targeted to construct powerful recombinant strains to be used in optimized fermentation. Furthermore, low-cost feedstocks, mostly agro-industrial wastes or byproducts, have been investigated, to reduce processing costs and improve the sustainability of G. oxydans bioprocess. Nonetheless, further research is required mainly to make these raw materials feasible at the industrial scale. The current shortage of suitable genetic tools for metabolic engineering modifications in G. oxydans is another challenge to be overcome. This paper aims to give an overview of the most relevant industrial G. oxydans processes and the current strategies developed for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Alves Ribeiro da Silva
- Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24241-000, Brazil.
- Ecology of Microbial Process Laboratory, Biochemical Engineering Department, Chemical School, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Simone Santos de Sousa Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Sara Fernandes Lima
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pires do Nascimento
- Ecology of Microbial Process Laboratory, Biochemical Engineering Department, Chemical School, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Andrea Regina de Souza Baptista
- Center for Microorganisms Investigation, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Sorele Batista Fiaux
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, 24241-000, Brazil
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Han J, Hua X, Zhou X, Xu B, Wang H, Huang G, Xu Y. A cost-practical cell-recycling process for xylonic acid bioproduction from acidic lignocellulosic hydrolysate with whole-cell catalysis of Gluconobacter oxydans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125157. [PMID: 33878501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Xylonic acid (XA), as a bio-based platform chemical, is of considerable interest for xylose bioconversion. The whole-cell catalysis of Gluconobacter oxydans presents a promising application potential, while the hard works of cell culture still severely hinder XA business from the crude toxics-containing lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Hence, the bacterial cells should be recycled to reduce commercial production cost. The implementation of diatomite detoxification not only absorbs most of the degraded inhibitors in hydrolysate, but also confines the sugar contents loss with 10% and allows the bacterial cells to maintain 90% bioconversion performance during cell-recycling operation. Additionally, a scale-up of XA bioproduction was achieved in a sealed oxygen supply fermenter. Finally, 210 g XA was produced from 1000 g corncob originated hydrolysate within 24 h of whole-cell catalysis. Diatomite treatment provides an efficient and cost-practical approach for the commercial bioproduction of biochemicals like XA from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- ECO Zhuoxin Energy-saving Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- ECO Zhuoxin Energy-saving Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai 200000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Huang
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Materials & Structural Engineering Department, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Breeding of Gluconobacter oxydans with high PQQ-dependent D-sorbitol dehydrogenase for improvement of 6-(N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-6-deoxy-α-L-sorbofuranose production. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Repeated production of 6-(N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-6-deoxy-α-L-sorbofuranose by immobilized Gluconobacter oxydans cells with a strategy of in situ exhaustive cell regeneration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1781-1789. [PMID: 32399751 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The major troubles in 6-(N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-6-deoxy-α-L-sorbofuranose (6NSL) production from N-2-hydroxyethyl glucamine (NHEG) by Gluconobacter oxydans were low cell yield during cell preparation and loss of cells' biocatalytic ability during biotransformation, resulting in high production cost and low 6NSL production. The target of this work was to enhance 6NSL production by reusing cells and improving the cells biocatalytic ability. First, inhibitory effects of substrate and product on 6NSL production, and optimization of cell regeneration condition were investigated, respectively. Then repeated production of 6NSL by immobilized cell using a strategy of in situ exhaustive cell regeneration in a bubble column bioreactor was developed. As a result, the bioprocess underwent nine cycles, the average 6NSL production and conversion rate of NHEG to 6NSL reached 42.6 g L-1 and 83.1% in each batch was achieved, respectively.
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