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Stockinger T, Wirthl D, Mao G, Drack M, Pruckner R, Demchyshyn S, Steiner M, Egger F, Müller U, Schwödiauer R, Bauer S, Arnold N, Kaltenbrunner M. iSens: A Fiber-Based, Highly Permeable and Imperceptible Sensor Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102736. [PMID: 34339065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Embedded sensors are key to optimizing processes and products; they collect data that allow time, energy, and materials to be saved, thereby reducing costs. After production, they remain in place and are used to monitor the long-term structural health of buildings or aircraft. Fueled by climate change, sustainable construction materials such as wood and fiber composites are gaining importance. Current sensors are not optimized for use with these materials and often act as defects that cause catastrophic failures. Here, flexible, highly permeable, and imperceptible sensors (iSens) are introduced that integrate seamlessly into a component. Their porous substrates are readily infused with adhesives and withstand harsh conditions. In situ resistive temperature measurements and capacitive sensing allows monitoring of adhesives curing as used in wooden structures and fiber composites. The devices also act as heating elements to reduce the hardening time of the glue. Results are analyzed using numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. The suggested iSens technology is widely applicable and represents a step towards realizing the Internet of Things for construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stockinger
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- sendance GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Daniela Wirthl
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- sendance GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Guoyong Mao
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Michael Drack
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Roland Pruckner
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Stepan Demchyshyn
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Melanie Steiner
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Florian Egger
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Uwe Müller
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Reinhard Schwödiauer
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Siegfried Bauer
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Nikita Arnold
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
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Yang Y, Chiesura G, Plovie B, Vervust T, Luyckx G, Degrieck J, Sekitani T, Vanfleteren J. Design and Integration of Flexible Sensor Matrix for in Situ Monitoring of Polymer Composites. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1698-1705. [PMID: 30010319 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sensory polymer composites are highly desirable for applications such as in situ and real-time production processes and structural health monitoring, and for technologies that include human-machine interfaces for the next generation of Internet of Things. However, the development of these materials is still in its infancy: these materials have been reported, but the large-scale fabrication of polymer composites with versatile and customizable sensing capabilities has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we report on a scalable fabrication strategy that enables such materials by designing and integrating PCB technology-inspired large-area flexible sensor matrices into polymer composites. The integrated sensor matrices successfully monitored in situ the production processes and structural health of an industrial polymer composite: from the application of vacuum, resin flow and polymerization, production defects, and temperature distribution. Our results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is a simple and effective solution as a distributed monitoring platform for polymer composites and shows the potential toward next generation of sensory polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gabriele Chiesura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Bart Plovie
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vervust
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Geert Luyckx
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Joris Degrieck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, Gent-Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
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