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Michelaraki E, Katrakazas C, Yannis G, Filtness A, Talbot R, Hancox G, Pilkington-Cheney F, Brijs K, Ross V, Dirix H, Neven A, Paul R, Brijs T, Fortsakis P, Frantzola EK, Taveira R. Post-trip safety interventions: State-of-the-art, challenges, and practical implications. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 77:67-85. [PMID: 34092330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, risky driving behaviour is a major contributor to road crashes and as a result, wide array of tools have been developed in order to record and improve driving behaviour. Within that group of tools, interventions have been indicated to significantly enhance driving behaviour and road safety. This study critically reviews monitoring technologies that provide post-trip interventions, such as retrospective visual feedback, gamification, rewards or penalties, in order to inform an appropriate driver mentoring strategy delivered after each trip. METHOD The work presented here is part of the European Commission H2020 i-DREAMS project. The reviewed platform characteristics were obtained through commercially available solutions as well as a comprehensive literature search in popular scientific databases, such as Scopus and Google Scholar. Focus was given on state-of-the-art-technologies for post-trip interventions utilized in four different transport modes (i.e. car, truck, bus and rail) associated with risk prevention and mitigation. RESULTS The synthesized results revealed that smartphone applications and web-based platforms are the most accepted, frequently and easiest to use tools in cars, buses and trucks across all papers considered, while limited evidence of post-trip interventions in -rail was found. The majority of smartphone applications detected mobile phone use and harsh events and provided individual performance scores, while in-vehicle systems provided delayed visual reports through a web-based platform. CONCLUSIONS Gamification and appropriate rewards appeared to be effective solutions, as it was found that they keep drivers motivated in improving their driving skills, but it was clear that these cannot be performed in isolation and a combination with other strategies (i.e. driver coaching and support) might be beneficial. Nevertheless, as there is no holistic and cross-modal post-trip intervention solution developed in real-world environments, challenges associated with post-trip feedback provision and suggestions on practical implementation are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michelaraki
- National Technical University of Athens, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, 5 Heroon Polytechniou str., GR-15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Katrakazas
- National Technical University of Athens, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, 5 Heroon Polytechniou str., GR-15773 Athens, Greece.
| | - George Yannis
- National Technical University of Athens, Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, 5 Heroon Polytechniou str., GR-15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Ashleigh Filtness
- Transport Safety Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Talbot
- Transport Safety Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Hancox
- Transport Safety Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Fran Pilkington-Cheney
- Transport Safety Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Kris Brijs
- UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Veerle Ross
- UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hélène Dirix
- UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - An Neven
- UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Roeland Paul
- UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Brijs
- UHasselt, School of Transportation Sciences, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Petros Fortsakis
- OSeven Single Member Private Company, 27B Chaimanta Str., GR-15234 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Rodrigo Taveira
- Barraqueiro Transportes, Avenida Santos e Castro, 1750-265 Lisboa, Portugal
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de Oña J, de Oña R, Eboli L, Forciniti C, Mazzulla G. How to identify the key factors that affect driver perception of accident risk. A comparison between Italian and Spanish driver behavior. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 73:225-235. [PMID: 25247553 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Road crashes can be caused by different factors, including infrastructure, vehicles, and human variables. Many research studies have focused solely on identifying the key factors that cause road crashes. From these studies, it emerged that human factors have the most relevant impact on accident severity. More specifically, accident severity depends on several factors related directly to the driver, i.e., driving experience, driver's socio-economic characteristics, and driving behavior and attitudes. In this paper, we investigate driver behaviors and attitudes while driving and specifically focus on different methods for identifying the factors that most affect the driver's perception of accident risk. To this end, we designed and conducted a survey in two different European contexts: the city of Cosenza, which is located in the south of Italy, and the city of Granada, which is located in the south of Spain. Samples of drivers were contacted for their opinions on certain aspects of driving rules and attitudes while driving, and different types of questions were addressed to the drivers to assess their judgments of these aspects. Consequently, different methods of data analysis were applied to determine the aspects that heavily influence driver perception of accident risk. An experiment based on the stated preferences (SP) was carried out with the drivers, and the SP data were analyzed using an ordered probit (OP) model. Interesting findings emerged from different analyses of the data and from the comparisons among the data collected in the two different territorial contexts. We found that both Italian and Spanish drivers consider driving in an altered psychophysical state and violating the overtaking rules to be the most risky behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Oña
- TRYSE Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Cuesta del Hospicio, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocio de Oña
- TRYSE Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Cuesta del Hospicio, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Eboli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 46/B 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Carmen Forciniti
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 46/B 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Mazzulla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 46/B 87036 Rende, Italy.
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Milder CM, Gupta S, Ozkan T, Hoe C, Lajunen T. Predictors of intrinsic motivation behind seatbelt use in a country where current use is low. Injury 2013; 44 Suppl 4:S57-63. [PMID: 24377781 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(13)70214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Seatbelt use is a major determinant of a driver's safety on the road. In Turkey and other middle-income countries, seatbelt use is lower than in high-income countries and contributes to the higher burden of road traffic injuries. Assessing factors behind drivers' motivations to wear seatbelts can help determine appropriate interventions for specific subpopulations. OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors predictive of whether drivers who wear seatbelts in Afyonkarahisar and Ankara, Turkey do so because they believe seatbelts can save their lives. METHODS As part of the monitoring and evaluation of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Programme, 817 drivers were randomly recruited in Afyonkarahisar and Ankara, Turkey, to participate in roadside interviews. Logistic regression was run on data from 408 drivers who claimed they always wore seatbelts. Predictors were driver's city, driver's age group (30 and younger, 31 to 40, and over 40 years), whether at least one passenger was in the car, and an interaction term between age group and whether passengers were in the car. The outcome variable of interest was whether drivers wore seatbelts because they believed seatbelts can save their lives, referred to in this paper as "selection of Reason 3." RESULTS The odds of selecting Reason 3 were 2.45 (95% CI: 1.40-4.31) times higher in Ankara than in Afyonkarahisar, 2.52 (95% CI: 1.38-4.60) and 3.65 (95% CI: 1.92-6.95) times higher for drivers aged 31-40 and drivers over the age of 40 than for drivers 30 years of age and younger, respectively, and 5.89 (95% CI: 2.02-17.23), 7.22 (95% CI: 1.61-32.42), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.32-2.19) times higher for drivers traveling with passengers who were 30 years of age and younger, between 31 and 40, and over 40 than for drivers traveling without passengers in these age groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Drivers with passengers had higher odds of selecting Reason 3, especially younger drivers who are more likely to succumb to peer pressure. Older drivers had higher odds of selecting Reason 3. Peer groups and peer education campaigns may have an impact. Education interventions combined with extrinsic campaigns can be aimed at younger drivers to increase and maintain adherence in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Milder
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Türker Ozkan
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
| | - Connie Hoe
- Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timo Lajunen
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
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