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Özdemir F, Kır Y, Tok KC, Baskak B, Süzen HS. A Novel Genotyping Method for Detection of the Muscarinic Receptor M1 Gene rs2067477 Polymorphism and Its Genotype/Allele Frequencies in a Turkish Population. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:653-658. [PMID: 33389966 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.46793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Gene variation in the cholinergic muscarinic receptor 1 (CHRM1) has potential to become a candidate biomarker in the development of several disorders as well as drug response. In this study, a novel polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was developed to determine the C to A single nucleotide polymorphism at position 267 in the CHRM1 gene. Materials and Methods A new reverse primer and a mismatched forward primer were designed to obtain 125 bp PCR products. The PCR products were then digested with the Hae III restriction enzyme to detect the rs2067477 polymorphism that comprises a C to A base change. The novel assay developed was tested in 51 Turkish schizophrenia patients. Results The genotyping assay was successfully performed in patients with schizophrenia in order to confirm the accuracy and validity of this method. The frequency of CC, CA, and AA genotypes was 72.5%, 25.5%, and 2%, respectively. On the basis of these findings, the allele frequency of C was 0.85 and the allele frequency of A was 0.15. Conclusion This genotyping assay is practical for screening the CHRM1 C267A polymorphism in pharmacogenetic studies. The present polymorphism may be used as a candidate biomarker to determine genetic susceptibility to related diseases and may contribute to the implementation of individualized drug therapy for M1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fezile Özdemir
- Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Kır
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kenan Can Tok
- Ankara University Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of Forensic Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halit Sinan Süzen
- Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
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Teal LB, Gould RW, Felts AS, Jones CK. Selective allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:153-196. [PMID: 31378251 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChRs) subtypes represent exciting new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD). Recent advances in the development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators have revealed promising effects in preclinical models targeting the different symptoms observed in schizophrenia and SUD. M1 PAMs display potential for addressing the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, while M4 PAMs exhibit promise in treating preclinical models predictive of antipsychotic-like activity. In SUD, there is increasing support for modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry involved in SUD with selective M4 mAChR PAMs or M5 mAChR NAMs. Allosteric modulators of these mAChR subtypes have demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of cocaine and ethanol seeking, with indications that these ligand may also be useful for other substances of abuse, as well as in various stages in the cycle of addiction. Importantly, allosteric modulators of the different mAChR subtypes may provide viable treatment options, while conferring greater subtype specificity and corresponding enhanced therapeutic index than orthosteric muscarinic ligands and maintaining endogenous temporo-spatial ACh signaling. Overall, subtype specific mAChR allosteric modulators represent important novel therapeutic mechanisms for schizophrenia and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Carruthers SP, Cropley V, Bousman C, Everall IP, Neill E, Pantelis C, Sumner PJ, Tan EJ, Bozaoglu K, Thomas EHX, Van Rheenen TE, Gurvich CT, Rossell SL. The effects of a muscarinic receptor 1 gene variant on executive and non-executive cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:178-180. [PMID: 30654302 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia who are homozygous at the c.267C > A (rs2067477) single nucleotide polymorphism within the muscarinic M1 receptor gene have been reported to perform less well on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We investigated if rs2067477 genotype variation influenced WCST performance and non-executive cognition cross-diagnostically in a sample of 147 schizophrenia spectrum participants (SSD) and 294 healthy controls. We were unable to detect any significant differences in executive and non-executive cognitive performance across genotype. A broader genetic focus should be considered when investigating the association between the muscarinic system and cognition in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia; Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian P Everall
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Neill
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Sumner
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Eric J Tan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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- Schizophrenia Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kiymet Bozaoglu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H X Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Caroline T Gurvich
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre (MAPrc), Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3004 Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia; Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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