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Yu X, Du H, Li D, Sun P, Pi S. The Influence of Social Exclusion on High School Students' Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4725-4735. [PMID: 38024658 PMCID: PMC10676663 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s431622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High school students face various pressures such as academic and interpersonal relationships, which can easily lead to depression. Social exclusion is one of the important influencing factors for adolescent depression, but there is still limited research on the mechanisms of the impact that social exclusion has on depression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of social exclusion on depression among high school students, as well as the mediating role of thwarted belongingness and the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal. Methods Researchers assessed 1041 high school students using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Adolescent Social Exclusion Scale, Interpersonal Needs Scale, and Emotion Regulation Scale. Results (1) Social exclusion was negatively associated with cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.224, p < 0.001), and positively associated with thwarted belongingness and depression (r = 0.657, 0.490, p <0.001). Thwarted belongingness was positively associated with depression (r = 0.617, p <0.001), and negatively associated with cognitive reappraisal (r = -0.325, p <0.001). Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with depression (r = -0.280, p < 0.01). (2) Social exclusion could directly predict depression, 95% CI [0.08, 0.21]. Thwarted belongingness played a partial mediating role between social exclusion and depression, 95% CI [0.30, 0.40]. (3) Cognitive reappraisal moderated the predictive effect of thwarted belongingness on depression. Conclusion Social exclusion can influence depression through thwarted belongingness and cognitive reappraisal, and educators can reduce depression by decreasing thwarted belongingness and promoting the use of cognitive reappraisal strategies by high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yu
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixin Du
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peizhen Sun
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Pi
- Department of Psychology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
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Tam CC, Zhou Y, Qiao S, Li X, Shen Z. Mindfulness, psychological distress, and somatic symptoms among women engaged in sex work in China. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:967-986. [PMID: 35419932 PMCID: PMC9544246 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Women engaged in sex work (WSW) in China encounter numerous disadvantages (e.g., exposure to violence) and have substantial risk for psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Intervention literature has attended to mindfulness, which is a protective factor for psychological outcomes, and its influences can further improve physical health. However, mindfulness has not been well studied in WSW. We aimed to examine the association among mindfulness, psychological distress, and somatic symptoms among Chinese WSW. Data were collected from 410 WSW in Guangxi, China, using an anonymous, self‐administered survey evaluating demographics, mindfulness, psychological distress (i.e., depression, loneliness, and perceived stress), and somatic symptoms (i.e., pain, cardiopulmonary, and gastrointestinal/fatigue symptoms). Structural equation modeling was utilized for data analyses. Mindfulness was negatively associated with psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Psychological distress was positively associated with somatic symptoms. Psychological distress mediated the association between mindfulness and somatic symptoms. Mindfulness appears to be a protective factor for psychological distress among WSW, and such an effect is further influential to their somatic symptoms. Our findings add to the growing literature on mindfulness, suggesting that mindfulness‐based interventions could be beneficial for WSW. Future research should explore other cognitive factors underlying the psychosomatic mechanism of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Chi Tam
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
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Millan-Alanis JM, Carranza-Navarro F, de León-Gutiérrez H, Leyva-Camacho PC, Guerrero-Medrano AF, Barrera FJ, Garza Lopez LE, Saucedo-Uribe E. Prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:867-879. [PMID: 34110487 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to assess prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety among female sex workers (FSW). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Ovid and Cochrane Central Database from inception until March 2020. Considered for inclusion were cross-sectional studies performed on FSW that assessed prevalence of any of the following: suicide attempt or suicidal ideation, depression, PTSD, or anxiety. Five reviewers, independently and in duplicate, selected all eligible articles in an abstract and full-text screening phase and, moreover, extracted information from each study. A binomial-normal generalized linear mixed model was employed to estimate prevalence of the conditions. From 8035 studies yielded in the search strategy, 55 were included for analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt was 27% (95% C.I. 18-39%) and 20% (95% C.I. 13-28%), respectively. Furthermore, overall prevalence of depression and PTSD was 44% (95% C.I. 35-54%) and 29% (95% C.I. 18-44%), respectively. Eleven studies were classified as high quality. Findings indicate that there is an overall high prevalence of suicidality, depression, and PTSD among FSW. Development of accessible large-scale interventions that assess mental health among this population remains critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Millan-Alanis
- Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Farid Carranza-Navarro
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Francisco I. Madero Avenue n.n. & Gonzalitos Avenue, Mitras Centro, P.C. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Paloma C Leyva-Camacho
- Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Fernanda Guerrero-Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Francisco I. Madero Avenue n.n. & Gonzalitos Avenue, Mitras Centro, P.C. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Barrera
- Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizabeth Garza Lopez
- Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL KER Unit Mayo Clinic (KER Unit Mexico), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erasmo Saucedo-Uribe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Francisco I. Madero Avenue n.n. & Gonzalitos Avenue, Mitras Centro, P.C. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Beattie TS, Smilenova B, Krishnaratne S, Mazzuca A. Mental health problems among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003297. [PMID: 32931504 PMCID: PMC7491736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological health of female sex workers (FSWs) has emerged as a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Key risk factors include poverty, low education, violence, alcohol and drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and stigma and discrimination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence of mental health problems among FSWs in LMICs, and to examine associations with common risk factors. METHOD AND FINDINGS The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049179. We searched 6 electronic databases for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies from inception to 26 April 2020. Study quality was assessed with the Centre for Evidence-Based Management (CEBM) Critical Appraisal Tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviour. Meta-analyses examined associations between these disorders and violence, alcohol/drug use, condom use, and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI). A total of 1,046 studies were identified, and 68 papers reporting on 56 unique studies were eligible for inclusion. These were geographically diverse (26 countries), representing all LMIC regions, and included 24,940 participants. All studies were cross-sectional and used a range of measurement tools; none reported a mental health intervention. Of the 56 studies, 14 scored as strong quality, 34 scored as moderate, and 8 scored as weak. The average age of participants was 28.9 years (age range: 11-64 years), with just under half (46%) having up to primary education or less. The pooled prevalence rates for mental disorders among FSWs in LMICs were as follows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3.2%-64.6%), psychological distress 40.8% (95% CI 20.7%-64.4%), recent suicide ideation 22.8% (95% CI 13.2%-36.5%), and recent suicide attempt 6.3% (95% CI 3.4%-11.4%). Meta-analyses found significant associations between violence experience and depression, violence experience and recent suicidal behaviour, alcohol use and recent suicidal behaviour, illicit drug use and depression, depression and inconsistent condom use with clients, and depression and HIV infection. Key study limitations include a paucity of longitudinal studies (necessary to assess causality), non-random sampling of participants by many studies, and the use of different measurement tools and cut-off scores to measure mental health problems and other common risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that mental health problems are highly prevalent among FSWs in LMICs and are strongly associated with common risk factors. Study findings support the concept of overlapping vulnerabilities and highlight the urgent need for interventions designed to improve the mental health and well-being of FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S. Beattie
- Department of Global Health and Development, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shari Krishnaratne
- Department of Global Health and Development, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - April Mazzuca
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
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How Is the Presence of Company Related to Thwarted Belongingness in Real Time? Taking a Closer Look at the Conceptualization of the Construct of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134873. [PMID: 32640690 PMCID: PMC7369847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The role of thwarted belongingness (TB) in predicting suicidal ideation, as originally assumed by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, is repeatedly challenged by empirical findings. This could be due to an inadequate conceptualization of the construct of TB that is assumed to be influenced by intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. (2) Methods: We examined the associations of TB with intrapersonal variables related to depression, and with interpersonal variables related to an individual’s actual social environment. We analyzed data from an ecological momentary assessment study in psychiatric inpatients with depressive disorders. N = 73 participants rated momentary TB, depressive affect and status of company up to 10 times per day, over a period of six days, on smartphones. (3) Results: TB was lower when assessed while participants were in company compared to when they were alone, and the more desired the company was, the less TB was experienced. Individuals who had a partnership experienced less momentary TB. Furthermore, higher levels of momentary depressive affect, as well as more stable levels of depression, were related to higher levels of TB, and the relation between the presence of company and TB was weaker for more depressed persons. (4) Conclusions: Our findings can be seen as evidence that both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors relate to TB, and thus support the conceptualization of TB as proposed by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.
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Yu X, Dong Y, Li Z, Fang Y, Wu S, Wang C, He S. Work Stress and General Trust: The Mediating Effect of Depression and the Moderating Effect of the OXTR Gene rs53576. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:283-288. [PMID: 32553369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work stress has been proved to be linked to depression, and both can decrease general trust. Likewise, OXTR gene is currently the gene that is most closely associated with trust. However, few empirical studies have explored the significant role of gene-environment interactions on general trust. In this study, we explored the mediating role of depression in the relationship between work stress and general trust, and the moderating role of the OXTR rs 53576 in the mediation model. METHODS 364 healthy Han Chinese faculties were recruited from one university in Beijing. Work stress, depression, and general trust were assessed using the House and Rizzo's Work Stress Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the General Trust Questionnaire, respectively. Blood samples were collected for OXTR rs53576 genotyping. RESULTS Depression mediated the relationship between work stress and general trust. In the mediation model, OXTR rs53576 could only moderated the direct path from work stress to general trust. For AA and GA individuals, depression completely mediated the relationship between work stress and general trust. For GG individuals, depression partly mediated the relationship between work stress and general trust. LIMITATIONS This study used a cross-sectional design, only considered Han Chinese faculties, and the role of other genes should be explored. CONCLUSIONS Depression has a mediating effect between work stress and general trust. The general trust levels of GG genotype individuals are more prone to be affected by work stress than AA and GA individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Zheneng Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5# Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5# Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871
| | - Shuchang He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5# Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871.
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Fortenberry JD. Trust, Sexual Trust, and Sexual Health: An Interrogative Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:425-439. [PMID: 30289286 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1523999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trust is experienced almost constantly in all forms of social and interpersonal relationships, including sexual relationships, and may contribute both directly and indirectly to sexual health. The purpose of this review is to link three aspects of trust to sexual health: (1) the role of trust in sexual relationships; (2) the role of trust in sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, particularly condom use; and (3) the relevance of trust in sexual relationships outside of the traditional model of monogamy. The review ends with consideration of perspectives that could guide new research toward understanding the enigmas of trust in partnered sexual relations in the context of sexual and public health.
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