1
|
Luo G, Jing Y, Yang J, Wang S, Xuekelaiti Z, Yao C, Gao Y, Chen H, Sun D, Li J, Zhang X. The influence of gender-specific factors influencing severe anxiety in psychotic major depression: role of thyroid hormones and depression severity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-024-02781-3. [PMID: 38693463 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic major depression (PMD) is characterized by major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by delusions or hallucinations. While the prevalence of PMD and its association with anxiety have been studied, gender-specific differences and the role of thyroid hormones in PMD-related anxiety remain less explored. METHODS A total of 1718 first-episode and drug-naïve MDD patients was assessed for the presence of PMD and severe anxiety. Clinical assessments, including Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale, were conducted to assess depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, and clinical severity, respectively. Blood samples were collected to measure thyroid function parameters. RESULTS The prevalence of severe anxiety was higher in PMD patients compared to non-psychotic MDD patients (71.3% vs. 5.3%). No significant gender differences were observed in the prevalence of severe anxiety among PMD patients. However, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and increased depression severity (HAMD scores) were identified as independent risk factors for severe anxiety in female PMD patients. In contrast, no significant risk factors were found in male PMD patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) analysis revealed that the HAMD score and TSH level showed acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing between female PMD patients with and without severe anxiety. CONCLUSION This study highlights the heightened prevalence of severe anxiety in PMD patients, with TSH levels and depression severity emerging as gender-specific risk factors for anxiety in females. These findings suggest the importance of thyroid hormone assessment and tailored interventions for managing anxiety in female PMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Luo
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yifan Jing
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jie Yang
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zaimina Xuekelaiti
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Daliang Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang K, Wang C, Gou L, Li Y, Li C, Luo G, Zhang X. The Impact of Prolonged Duration of Untreated Illness on Clinical Correlates in Chronic Schizophrenia: Exploring the Relationship With Suicide Risk. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:422-432. [PMID: 38695050 PMCID: PMC11065522 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on duration of untreated psychosis are common in patients with schizophrenia, but few studies have investigated the relationship between duration of untreated illness (DUI) and suicide, especially in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Therefore, we intended to investigate the relationship between DUI and suicide and clinical correlates in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 1,555 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. DUI was measured in years, reflecting the prolonged untreated periods observed in this population. Clinical correlates were assessed, including symptoms, cognitive functioning, and body mass index. Suicidal ideation and attempts were also examined. Statistical analyses, including multivariate models, were employed to investigate the associations between DUI and clinical correlates while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS The study revealed a significant proportion (23.3%) of patients with chronic schizophrenia in China received their first treatment after a 4-year delay, with the longest untreated duration reaching 39 years. Patients with longer DUI exhibited more severe negative symptoms, lower immediate memory scores, a higher likelihood of being overweight, and surprisingly, a reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts. Each additional year of untreated illness was associated with a 3% decrease in the risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the prevalence of extended untreated periods in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia and highlight the impact of DUI on negative symptoms, cognitive function, and body weight. Intriguingly, a longer DUI was associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation and attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gou
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Technical Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoshuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang T, Cui H, Wei Y, Tang X, Xu L, Hu Y, Tang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Chen T, Li C, Wang J. Duration of Untreated Prodromal Psychosis and Cognitive Impairments. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2353426. [PMID: 38277145 PMCID: PMC10818213 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.53426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The possible association between the duration of untreated prodromal symptoms (DUPrS) and cognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis remains underexplored. Objective To investigate the intricate interplay between DUPrS, cognitive performance, and conversion outcomes, shedding light on the potential role of DUPrS in shaping cognitive trajectories and psychosis risk in individuals at CHR for psychosis. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of individuals at CHR for psychosis was conducted at the Shanghai Mental Health Center in China from January 10, 2016, to December 29, 2021. Participants at CHR for psychosis typically exhibit attenuated positive symptoms; they were identified according to the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, underwent baseline neuropsychological assessments, and were evaluated at a 3-year clinical follow-up. Data were analyzed from August 25, 2021, to May 10, 2023. Exposure Duration of untreated prodromal symptoms and cognitive impairments in individuals at CHR for psychosis. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcome was conversion to psychosis. The DUPrS was categorized into 3 groups based on percentiles (33rd percentile for short [≤3 months], 34th-66th percentile for median [4-9 months], and 67th-100th percentile for long [≥10 months]). The DUPrS, cognitive variables, and the risk of conversion to psychosis were explored through quantile regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results This study included 506 individuals (median age, 19 [IQR, 16-21] years; 53.6% [n = 271] women). The mean (SD) DUPrS was 7.8 (6.857) months, and the median (IQR) was 6 (3-11) months. The short and median DUPrS groups displayed poorer cognitive performance than the long DUPrS group in the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) (Kruskal-Wallis χ2 = 8.801; P = .01) and Category Fluency Test (CFT) (Kruskal-Wallis χ2 = 6.670; P = .04). Quantile regression analysis revealed positive correlations between DUPrS rank and BVMT-R scores (<90th percentile of DUPrS rank) and CFT scores (within the 20th-70th percentile range of DUPrS rank). Among the 506 participants, 20.8% (95% CI, 17.4%-24.5%) converted to psychosis within 3 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified lower educational attainment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.912; 95% CI, 0.834-0.998), pronounced negative symptoms (HR, 1.044; 95% CI, 1.005-1.084), and impaired performance on the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery: Mazes (HR, 0.961; 95% CI, 0.924-0.999) and BVMT-R (HR, 0.949; 95% CI, 0.916-0.984) tests as factors associated with conversion. Conclusions and Relevance The finding of this cohort study suggest the intricate interplay between DUPrS, cognitive performance, and conversion risk in individuals at CHR for psychosis. The findings emphasize the importance of considering both DUPrS and cognitive functioning in assessing the trajectory of these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - HuiRu Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - YanYan Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - XiaoChen Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - YeGang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - YingYing Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - HaiChun Liu
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZiXuan Wang
- Shanghai Xinlianxin Psychological Counseling Co Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - ChunBo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Psychological Evaluation and Intervention, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo G, Ma H, Wang S, Yao C, Li Y, Sun D, Zhang X. Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of suicide attempts in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with anxious depression in a Chinese Han population: A large-scale cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:252-260. [PMID: 37838263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Anxious depression (AD) has been extensively studied. However, fewer studies have examined sex differences in the prevalence of suicide attempts among AD patients. This study aimed to explore sex differences in suicide attempts and risk factors in patients with AD. METHODS 1380 first episode drug-naïve patients with AD were recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were measured using a self-administered demographic questionnaire. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAMA), and positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to assess patients' clinical symptoms. We also measured the patient's blood glucose, lipids, and thyroid axis hormone levels. RESULTS There were no sex differences in the prevalence of suicide attempts in patients with FEDN anxious depression. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis showed that HAMA score, TSH levels, and TPOAb levels significantly predicted suicide attempts in both male and female patients with AD, while HAMD score significantly predicted suicide attempts in female patients with AD only. CONCLUSIONS The severity of anxiety and higher levels of TSH and TPOAb were associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts in both male and female patients with AD, whereas the severity of depression was only associated with suicide attempts in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 3210 Humin Rd, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Daliang Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo G, Li M, Qiu Y, Yao C, Zhang X, Li J. Gender differences and clinical correlates in the age of the first hospitalization in patients with drug-naïve schizophrenia in China: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01697-5. [PMID: 37833429 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in the onset age of schizophrenia have been reported in many studies, but differences in the age of the first hospitalization and associated factors have not been explored. The present study investigated gender differences and clinical correlates in the age of the first hospitalization in drug-naïve schizophrenia (DNS). A total of 144 DNS patients and 67 health controls were included. Demographic information, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) scores were collected and analyzed. The age of the first hospitalization was significantly earlier in males than in females (P < 0.01). In addition, there were significant differences in the age of the first hospitalization in terms of marital status, occupation, family ranking, suicide attempt, and place of residence (all P < 0.05). After Bonferroni correction, only DUP had a positive correlation with the age of the first hospitalization (PBonferroni < 0.05/6 = 0.0083). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that gender (β = 0.141, t = 2.434, P = 0.016), marital status (β = 0.219, t = 3.463, P = 0.001), family ranking (β = 0.300, t = 4.918, P < 0.001), suicide attempt (β = 0.348, t = 5.549, P < 0.001), and DUP (β = 0.190, t = 2.969, P < 0.004) positively predicted the age of the first hospitalization. The age of the first hospitalization in male DNS was earlier than in females. In addition, gender, marital status, suicide attempt, DUP, and family rank were independent risk factors for the age of the first hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuying Qiu
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| |
Collapse
|