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Hu Z, Wang X, Shi T, Yang L, Zhang B, Shang B, He R, Yi S, He J, Hu J, Cao Y. Paeoniflorin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression Through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:585. [PMID: 40427467 PMCID: PMC12108303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2025] [Revised: 05/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with bidirectional interactions between inflammatory responses and behavioral dysfunction. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside derived from Paeonia lactiflora, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of PF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice and neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells. Mice were co-administered PF (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) and LPS (2 mg/kg) for 7 days. Behavioral tests; Nissl staining; and Golgi, Iba1, DLG4, and cytokine assays were conducted. Additionally, hippocampal NF-κB, Nrf2, and BDNF signaling pathways were analyzed using Western blots. In BV2 cells, oxidative stress and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were assessed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Western blotting after 24 h of LPS and PF treatment. PF significantly alleviated LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, increased hippocampal neuron and dendritic spine density, and upregulated synaptic proteins (PSD95, SNAP25, and BDNF). Mechanistically, PF suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the Akt/GSK3β pathway, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and enhanced the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant axis. In BV2 cells, PF restored mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, PF significantly improved LPS-induced depression-like behaviors and attenuated neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Tian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Boxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Ruizhi He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Shichen Yi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiao He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (X.W.); (T.S.); (L.Y.); (B.Z.); (B.S.); (R.H.); (S.Y.); (J.H.)
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Oei JL. Improving neurological and mental health outcomes for children with prenatal drug exposure. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 29:101557. [PMID: 39537449 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2024.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal drug exposure is a global public health problem that will never be completely eliminated. Some drugs are essential for maternal health but many others are used recreationally and for non-medical reasons. Both legal and illegal drugs of addiction and dependency have the potential to cause permanent and even intergenerational harm to the developing child and understanding the direct impact of drugs of addiction on child neurodevelopmental and mental health is difficult and confounded by many social, environmental and possibly, genetic factors. Furthermore, many drugs are not clear neuroteratogens and their impact on the child may be indolent and not appreciated for a long time after exposure has occurred. Despite this, there are numerous windows of opportunity to improve the eventual outcomes of the child including utilising the enormous benefits of neuroplasticity and general principles of basic health care and support. This chapter will discuss current understanding of the impact of drugs of addiction on the growing child and offer possible mitigation strategies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Lee Oei
- Department of Newborn Care, the Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
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