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Gao Z, Huang Y, Yao F, Zhou Z. Public awareness and attitudes toward biobank and sample donation: A regional Chinese survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1025775. [PMID: 36504979 PMCID: PMC9727410 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1025775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biobank is an extraordinary aid to research and scientific progress. Public involvement in biobanks, necessary for their development, is limited due to inadequate knowledge of biobanking and concerns about sample donation. This study explores the effectiveness of different publicity methods in improving participants' willingness to donate, and assesses public motivations and concerns. It aims to identify an efficient method of improving participants' awareness of biobanking and promoting sample donation. Methods A structured 20-item questionnaire was formulated to evaluate participants' knowledge of and attitudes toward biobanks and sample donation. In total, 1,500 questionnaires were disseminated to three groups of 500 participants who received, respectively, picture-based promotional material, text-based promotional material, or who attended a biobank-related lecture. Of these, 945 completed questionnaires were received. All the participants completed the questionnaires twice, before and after the corresponding publicity education. Results After each of the three methods of publicity based on text, pictures and a lecture, respondents' willingness to donate samples was significantly increased (P < 0.001), the lecture being more effective than the other two methods (P = 0.001). Participants with a medical background were more willing to donate biospecimens after publicity than those without medical backgrounds (P < 0.005) but had common motivations for donation including altruism and aiding medical research. The main concern hindering respondents' willingness to donate was the security of personal information. Conclusion Different types of biobank-related publicity based on text material, pictorial material and a lecture all improved respondents' willingness to donate and reduced concerns regarding sample donation. Medical background was a critical factor affecting attitudes toward sample donation after publicity. The results of this study suggest strategies that may popularize biobanks and enhance sample donation, further promoting the development of biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ziyu Zhou
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He Z, Cao X, Zhao D, Tang Z, Zhao J, Beasley M, Renne A, Liu L, Zhu S, Gao Y, Yan LL. Promoting the adoption of local governmental policy on the reimbursement of chronic disease medicines (PAPMed): study protocol of a field-based cluster randomized trial in rural Nantong, China. Trials 2022; 23:785. [PMID: 36109757 PMCID: PMC9479297 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among rural Chinese patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), low socioeconomic status increases the risk of developing NCDs and associated financial burdens in paying for medicines and treatments. Despite the chronic disease medicine reimbursement policy of the local government in Nantong City, China, various barriers prevent patients from registering for and benefitting from the policy. This study aims to develop a behavior science-based intervention program for promoting the adoption of the policy and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program compared with usual practices. Methods Barriers and opportunities affecting stakeholders in adopting the policy were identified through contextual research and summarized through behavior mapping. The intervention is designed to target these barriers and opportunities through behavior science theories and will be evaluated through a 6-month cluster randomized controlled trial in Tongzhou District, Nantong, China. A total of 30 villages from two townships are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or the control arm (usual practices). Village doctors in the intervention arm (1) receive systematic training on policy details, registration procedures, and intervention protocol, (2) promote the policy and encourage registration, (3) follow up with patients in the first, third, and sixth months after the intervention, and (4) receive financial incentives based on performance. The primary outcome is policy registration rate and the secondary outcomes include the number of patients registering for the policy, medical costs saved, frequency of village doctor visits, and health measures such as blood pressure and glucose levels. Discussion This study is one of very few that aims to promote adoption of NCDs outpatient medication reimbursement policies, and the first study to evaluate the impact of these policies on patients’ financial and physical wellbeing in China. The simple, feasible, and scalable intervention is designed based on the theories of behavior science and is applicable to similar low-income regions nationwide where outpatient medical costs remain a financial burden for patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04731194, registered on 29 January 2021; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100042152, registered on 14 January 14 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06710-1.
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Collins T, Akselrod S, Berlina D, Allen LN. Unleashing implementation research to accelerate national noncommunicable disease responses. Global Health 2022; 18:6. [PMID: 35073947 PMCID: PMC8785572 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. They exact a disproportionate toll in low and middle-income countries, and the world is not on-track to meet international targets for reductions in premature NCD mortality. Largely, we know which policies work for tackling NCDs, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a package of ‘best buy’ policies that are highly cost effective. However, we don’t necessarily know how to adapt and implement these policies in new populations and cultures. Implementation Research (IR) is emerging as a potent tool for gearing the international response, providing a scientific approach to study the processes used to implement policies and interventions and the contextual factors that affect these processes. Amidst growing interest from policymakers, we identify four main areas for action: high-level engagement with IR among international NCD leaders; domestic investment in technical capacity-building; the creation of new financing streams for IR research; and the development of multi-stakeholder engagement mechanisms that can convene and leverage the perspectives and resources of multiple actors with overlapping aims.
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Wu D, Wang S, Hu C, Yan C, Wu M. Ten Years of the Cohort Biobank: Bibliometric Outcomes. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:269-279. [PMID: 33449812 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cohort studies with biobanks that use strict quality standards are essential requirements, not only for the development of new diagnostic and prognostic markers, but also for improving the understanding of pathophysiology of disease development, which have drawn an increasing amount of attention over the past decades. However, a bibliometric analysis of the global research on cohort biobanks is rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the origin, current trend, and research hotspots of cohort biobanks. Materials and Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) with "biobank" and "cohort" as the topic words to retrieve English language articles published from 2009 to 2018. The CiteSpace 5.5.R2 was used to perform the cooperation network analysis, key words co-occurrence and burst detection analysis, and reference co-citation analysis. Results: The number of publications on cohort biobanks has increased over the past decade. Tai Hing Lam from the Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong, was found to be the most productive researcher in this field. The percentage of publications in England (38.30%) was the highest all over the world. Risk, biobank, meta-analysis, cohort, disease, and so on were the most frequent keywords. Metabolic syndrome was the strongest burst keyword in this field, followed by Hong Kong, Guangzhou biobank cohort and personalized medicine. Moreover, of all the references for 932 articles included in the study, the article titled "UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age" published in PLoS Med by Sudlow et al., was the most frequently co-cited reference in this field. The largest cluster was labeled as Guangzhou biobank cohort study. Conclusions: This study provides an insight into cohort biobanks and the valuable information for biobankers to identify new perspectives on potential collaborators and cooperative countries/territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susu Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Wu
- The Women and Children's Health Care Department, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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O'Donnell CJ. Opportunities, challenges and expectations management for translating biobank research to precision medicine. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:1-4. [PMID: 32107740 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury VA Medical Center, Cardiology Section, 5B-113, 1400 VFW Parkway, Boston, MA, 02132, USA. .,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Asia Pacific survey of physicians on asthma and allergic rhinitis (ASPAIR): data from China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1264-1271. [PMID: 30925548 PMCID: PMC6629359 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma has increased in the past decade. As these two diseases frequently coexist, the Asia-Pacific Survey of Physicians on Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis (ASPAIR) study aimed to assess physicians' beliefs and treatment patterns of coexistent asthma-AR across six Asian countries. This analysis presents the results from China. METHODS The 200 hospital-based general physicians and pediatricians were interviewed from five cities in China. Physicians were questioned in-person about their knowledge, beliefs and management practices for patients with coexistent asthma-AR. RESULTS Approximately 70% of the physicians interviewed routinely evaluated their patients with asthma or AR for signs of coexistent disease. While the majority of physicians (>90% of physicians) recognized the increased burden of coexistent asthma-AR vs. one condition alone and that coexistent disease requires additional treatment, most physicians (96%) also believed that patients with coexistent asthma-AR were well managed if either condition alone improved. Similarly, although 71% of physicians selected a combination of intranasal and inhaled corticosteroids as their preferred treatment for coexistent asthma-AR, in line with treatment guidelines, two fifths of physicians indicated that treatment for coexistent disease requires too much medication and that their patients prefer oral medications and a third of physicians believed that corticosteroids should be delayed in children. CONCLUSIONS This survey demonstrates that physicians interviewed in China have a broad understanding of coexistent asthma-AR and its impact on patients. A holistic approach to patient management with informed decisions regarding patients' overall treatment will benefit patients who suffer from coexistent disease.
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Lai X, Zhu H, Huo X, Li Z. Polypharmacy in the oldest old (≥80 years of age) patients in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:64. [PMID: 29499639 PMCID: PMC5834886 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oldest old generally have worse health and more comorbidities than the general population of older adults, and they are more likely to be exposed to polypharmacy. Reliable investigation of polypharmacy among the oldest old (≥80 years of age) in China are lacking. So this study aims to describe the polypharmacy status of oldest old patients ≥80 years of age and to assess the factors influencing medication compliance. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 258 oldest old patients ≥ 80 years of age and hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Beijing between December 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015. They completed three validated questionnaires to assess their pre-admission status (general demographics, medication knowledge, and medication adherence). Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) use was evaluated by physicians. Results The majority of the patients (55.4%) took < 10 types of drugs. The numbers of drugs taken ranged from 8 to 60 drugs (median of 22.9). Patients taking 11–20 drugs accounted for 46.1% of the patients. Subjects with a history of adverse drug reactions accounted for 40.3%. The proportion of PIMs was 27.1%. Compliance was only 32.6% among the oldest old patients with polypharmacy. Age and medication classes were independently negatively associated with compliance, and medication knowledge was independently positively associated with compliance. Conclusion Oldest old patients (≥ 80 years of age) had a poor medication knowledge. Age, medication classes, and medication knowledge were independently associated with medication compliance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0754-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Lai
- Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huo
- Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Pan R, Zhu M, Yu C, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Hu Z, Chen Z, Li L, Shen H. Cancer incidence and mortality: A cohort study in China, 2008-2013. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1315-1323. [PMID: 28593646 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCR) was the only available source of cancer monitoring in China, even though only about 70% of cancer registration sites were qualified by now. In this study, based on a national large prospective cohort-the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), we aimed to provide additional cancer statistics and compare the difference of cancer burden between urban and rural areas of China. A total of 497,693 cancer-free participants aged 35-74 years were recruited and successfully followed up from 2004 to 2013 in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China. Except for traditional registration systems, the national health insurance system and active follow-up were used to determine new cancer incidents and related deaths. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was used to compare the differences of cancer burden between urban and rural areas of China. We found that cancer mortality coincided well between our cohort and NCCR, while the incidence was much higher in our cohort. Based on CKB, we found the MIR of all cancers was 0.54 in rural areas, which was approximately one-third higher than that in urban areas with 0.39. Cancer profiles in urban areas were transiting to Western distributions, which were characterized with high incidences of breast cancer and colorectal cancer; while cancers of the esophagus, liver and cervix uteri were still common in rural areas of China. Our results provide additional cancer statistics of China and demonstrate the differences of cancer burden between urban and rural areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yan YX, Xiao HB, Wang SS, Zhao J, He Y, Wang W, Dong J. Investigation of the Relationship Between Chronic Stress and Insulin Resistance in a Chinese Population. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:355-60. [PMID: 26830350 PMCID: PMC4919480 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress may facilitate the development of metabolic diseases. Insulin resistance is present long before the clinical manifestations of individual metabolic abnormalities. To explore whether chronic stress is an independent risk factor of insulin resistance, we investigated the relationship between the stress system, selected parameters of energy homeostasis, and insulin resistance in a Chinese population. METHODS We recruited 766 workers employed at four companies in Beijing. The degree of insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The highest quartile of HOMA-IR among all study subjects was further defined as insulin resistance in our study. The short standard version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) was used to assess job-related psychosocial stress. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between cortisol level and HOMA-IR and components of metabolic syndrome, with stratification by gender. The relationship between cortisol and HOMA-IR independent of obesity was analyzed using a linear mixed model with company as a cluster unit. RESULTS The values of the two scales of COPSOQ, including "demands at work" and "insecurity at work", were significantly associated with insulin resistance and cortisol concentration (P < 0.05). Cortisol was significantly positively correlated with glucose, HOMA-IR, and waist circumference in males and females (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, cortisol was an independent positive predictor for HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that chronic stress was associated with insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University
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Tong Y, Ding ZH, Zhan FX, Cai L, Yin X, Ling JL, Ye JJ, Hou SY, Lu Z, Wang ZH, Liu JF. The NLRP3 inflammasome and stroke. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4787-4794. [PMID: 26131053 PMCID: PMC4483817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome pattern recognition receptors, which belong to the family of multi-meric proteins, play an important role in innate immunity, including NLRPs, NLRC, and NAIP. Among these receptors, NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome may activate the inflammation and participate in atherosclerosis, pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, resultin ischemia/reperfusion injury and stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Effective regulation of NLRP3 may help prevent or even treat stroke. In recent years, the role of inflammation in stroke has attracted much attention, and the in-depth study of its mechanism of action is gradually clear. This mini-review focuses on the association of regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome with the development of stroke, which may supply some clues for future therapies and novel drug targets for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Tong
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhan 430079, P. R. China
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R China
| | - Zhi-Hong Ding
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical HospitalXiangyang 441021, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Xian Zhan
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Li Cai
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhan, 430015, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxv Yin
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R China
| | - Jin-Lian Ling
- Queens University BelfastNorthern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Jun Ye
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Yi Hou
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen NO. 2 People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518035, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Fa Liu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Saeed S, Golfam M, Beall RF, Ashbury FD, Palmer LJ, Little J. Effectiveness of individual-focused interventions to prevent chronic disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:883-91. [PMID: 25041535 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of chronic disease is projected to assume crisis proportions in most parts of the world by the middle of the century, focusing attention on the need for preventive interventions. We identify and review published research on primary prevention individual-level interventions in current practice and describe and discuss the limitations of the current evidence. The report facilitates prioritizing a research agenda for potential interventions that might be investigated within cohort studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a rapid review. Computerized database searches (PubMed and EMBASE) were performed in October 2012 to identify articles on primary prevention interventions that are directed at the individual level. Potentially, relevant International Agency of Research on Cancer handbooks and monographs were also reviewed. The review includes articles reported in English on the efficacy or effectiveness of a preventive intervention in an adult population. It excludes articles on alcohol or tobacco smoking. RESULTS Many chronic disease interventions directed at individuals report a protective effect in the short term and some evidence for the efficacy of chemoprevention in chronic disease prevention exists. Evidence these effects persist in the longer term is inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS There are currently only limited evidence-based preventions for most chronic diseases, for which a summary is available in Table A1 (see Appendix B). Most individual-level intervention research studies have been conducted using case-control designs and some small, randomized studies. There are fewer impediments to lifestyle modifications when compared to prevention using chemoprevention and vaccination or other methods of prevention of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saeed
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Yoshizawa G, Ho CWL, Zhu W, Hu C, Syukriani Y, Lee I, Kim H, Tsai DFC, Minari J, Kato K. ELSI practices in genomic research in East Asia: implications for research collaboration and public participation. Genome Med 2014; 6:39. [PMID: 24944586 PMCID: PMC4062049 DOI: 10.1186/gm556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Common infrastructures and platforms are required for international collaborations in large-scale human genomic research and policy development, such as the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health and the 'ELSI 2.0' initiative. Such initiatives may require international harmonization of ethical and regulatory requirements. To enable this, however, a greater understanding of issues and practices that relate to the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of genomic research will be needed for the different countries and global regions involved in such research. Here, we review the ELSI practices and regulations for genomic research in six East Asian countries (China, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan), highlighting the main similarities and differences between these countries, and more generally, in relation to Western countries. While there are significant differences in ELSI practices among these East Asian countries, there is a consistent emphasis on advancing genomic science and technology. In addition, considerable emphasis is placed on informed consent for participation in research, whether through the contribution of tissue samples or personal information. However, a higher level of engagement with interested stakeholders and the public will be needed in some countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Yoshizawa
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Calvin Wai-Loon Ho
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Social Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chingli Hu
- Office of the President, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 227 Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yoni Syukriani
- Department of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Eijkman 38, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Ilhak Lee
- Center for ELSI Research, Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, Department of Medical Law and Ethics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Hannah Kim
- Center for ELSI Research, Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, Department of Medical Law and Ethics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Daniel Fu Chang Tsai
- Department of Social Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 1 Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jusaku Minari
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kato
- Department of Biomedical Ethics and Public Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Imboden M, Probst-Hensch NM. Biobanking across the phenome - at the center of chronic disease research. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1094. [PMID: 24274136 PMCID: PMC4222669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recognized public health relevant risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, smoking or air pollution are common to many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs cluster and co-morbidities increase in parallel to age. Pleiotropic genes and genetic variants have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) linking NCD entities hitherto thought to be distant in etiology. These different lines of evidence suggest that NCD disease mechanisms are in part shared. Discussion Identification of common exogenous and endogenous risk patterns may promote efficient prevention, an urgent need in the light of the global NCD epidemic. The prerequisite to investigate causal risk patterns including biologic, genetic and environmental factors across different NCDs are well characterized cohorts with associated biobanks. Prospectively collected data and biospecimen from subjects of various age, sociodemographic, and cultural groups, both healthy and affected by one or more NCD, are essential for exploring biologic mechanisms and susceptibilities interlinking different environmental and lifestyle exposures, co-morbidities, as well as cellular senescence and aging. A paradigm shift in the research activities can currently be observed, moving from focused investigations on the effect of a single risk factor on an isolated health outcome to a more comprehensive assessment of risk patterns and a broader phenome approach. Though important methodological and analytical challenges need to be resolved, the ongoing international efforts to establish large-scale population-based biobank cohorts are a critical basis for moving NCD disease etiology forward. Summary Future epidemiologic and public health research should aim at sustaining a comprehensive systems view on health and disease. The political and public discussions about the utilitarian aspect of investing in and contributing to cohort and biobank research are essential and are indirectly linked to the achievement of public health programs effectively addressing the global NCD epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
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Chen H. Governing International Biobank Collaboration: A Case Study of China Kadoorie Biobank. SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0971721813498497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Population-based biobanks collect donors’ biological samples and associated data, following them over time to study gene–environment interactions as causes of human diseases. International biobank collaboration is envisioned as necessary for a better understanding of causes of morbidity and mortality. However, determining how to govern international biobank collaboration remains challenging due to nations’ heterogeneous ethical and legal frameworks. This article explores how China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), a China-UK collaborative project, coped with ethical issues, such as informed consent, benefit sharing and community engagement. The CKB case study provides insights into ethical issues and governance challenges for international biobank collaboration. The transformation of biobank research from a localised endeavour to networked, internationalised projects in the context of post-genomic medical research has created a highly challenging constellation for biobank governance. The governance of global collaboration, such as between China and the UK, will depend on developing joint governance protocols based on mutual recognition and respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Chen
- Haidan Chen, College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University
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Epidemiology Congresses XIX, XX and beyond: Back to the future of population health. Public Health 2012; 126:271-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Johnman C, Mackie P, Sim F. Following the pattern. Public Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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