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Li DL, Nie XY, Li J, Tao YJ, Zhao CH, Zhong H, Pan CW. Factors associated with sleep disorders among adolescent students in rural areas of China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1152151. [PMID: 37139399 PMCID: PMC10149705 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1152151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine sleep patterns and the prevalence and association factors of sleep disorders in a regionally representative sample in Mo Jiang, China. Methods A total of 2,346 (participation rate 93.5%) Grade 7 students (aged 13-14 years) from 10 middle schools, including 1,213 (51.7%) boys and 1,133 (48.3%) girls, participated in the study. All the participants were invited to complete questionnaires that acquired information on sleep patterns, academic performance, academic stress, and sociodemographic factors. Sleep disorders were assessed using the Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with sleep disorders. Results The prevalence of sleep disorders among rural adolescents was 76.4%, which is higher than that among urban adolescents. Compared with previous findings in urban areas, our results indicate that sleep loss is much more severe in rural adolescents. Sleep disorders were positively associated with factors, such as watching TV [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, p = 0.001], academic performance (OR = 1.80, p < 0.001), and academic stress (OR = 1.38, p = 0.04). In addition, girls were more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than boys (OR = 1.36, p = 0.01). Conclusion Insufficient sleep and sleep disorders have become common health problems in rural Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Nie
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Jin Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Big Data Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Chun-Hua Zhao,
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Hua Zhong,
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chen-Wei Pan,
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Du K, Wang H, Ma Y, Guan H, Rozelle S. Effect of Eyeglasses on Student Academic Performance: What Matters? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10923. [PMID: 36078633 PMCID: PMC9518476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although eyeglasses have been considered a cost-effective way to combat myopia, the empirical evidence of its impacts on improving learning outcomes is inconsistent. This paper provides empirical evidence examining the effect of providing eyeglasses on academic performance between provinces with a different economic level in western China. Overall, we find a significant impact in Intention-to-Treat analysis and a large and significant local average treatment effect of providing free eyeglasses to students in the poor province but not in the other. The difference in impact between the two provinces is not a matter of experimental design, implementation, or partial compliance. Instead, we find that the lack of impact in the wealthier provinces is mainly due to less blackboard usage in class and wealthier households. Our study found that providing free eyeglasses to disadvantaged groups boosted their academic performance more than to their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- College of Economics, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an 710100, China
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Ma Y, Wen Y, Zhong H, Lin S, Liang L, Yang Y, Jiang H, Chen J, Huang Y, Ying X, Resnikoff S, Lu L, Zhu J, Xu X, He X, Zou H. Healthcare utilization and economic burden of myopia in urban China: A nationwide cost-of-illness study. J Glob Health 2022; 12:11003. [PMID: 35356656 PMCID: PMC8934110 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.11003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China contributes to a significant proportion of the myopia in the world. The study aims to investigate the utilization of various correction methods and health service in urban China, and to estimate the cost of myopia treatment and prevention. In addition, we aimed to estimate the cost of productivity loss due to myopia. Methods The study was a cross-sectional investigation carried out in urban areas in three provinces located in the east (Shanghai), middle (Anhui) and west part (Yunnan) of China, in 2016. A total of 23819 people aged between 5 to 50 years were included. Health utilization and the cost of myopia were analyzed from patients’ perspective. Results The total number of people with myopia in the urban China was estimated to be 143.6 million. The correction rate was 89.5%, 92.1%, and 92.7% for Anhui, Shanghai, and Yunnan (χ2 = 19.5, P < 0.01). Over the recent year, 20.6%, 16.8%, and 28.8% of myopic subjects visited hospital due to myopia, in Anhui, Shanghai and Yunnan. The annual cost of treatment and prevention of myopia was 10.1 billion US dollar (US$, floating from 9.2 to 11.2 billion US$), and the cost per person was 69US$. The annual cost of loss of productivity was estimated to be 6.7 billion US$ for those with mild to moderate visual impairment (floating from 6.1 to 7.4 billion US$), and 9.4 billion US$ (floating from 8.5 to 10.4 billion US$) for those with severe visual impairment to blindness. Therefore, the total economic burden of myopia was estimated as 173.6 billion CNY (26.3 billion US$). Conclusions The present study shows that myopia leads to substantial economic burden in China. The loss of productivity caused by myopia is an important part of the disease burden compared to the cost of correction and treatment paid by individuals. Therefore, the focus of myopia prevention and control should be to decrease the myopia prevalence, and prevent the uncorrected refractive errors and the irreversible damage of visual acuity by high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Ma
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuechun Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliation Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Senlin Lin
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliation Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Yifang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Huifen Jiang
- Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Huangpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Shanghai Putuo District Dental Clinic & Department of Ophthalmology Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Ying
- Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Serge Resnikoff
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangui He
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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