Adénocarcinome prostatique en récidive locale après radiothérapie exclusive : résultats du traitement par ultrasons focalisés

[Percutaneous MR-guided prostate cancer cryoablation: Predictive factors and oncologic outcomes]

OBJECTIVE

To determine the pejorative predictive factors on oncologic outcomes of percutaneous MR-guided whole gland prostate cancer cryoablation (CA).

METHODS

Medical records of patients treated from 2009 to 2012, to assess medium-term oncologic outcomes, were reviewed. Prostate biopsies were performed in local recurrence suspicion (biochemical failure, MR follow-up failure).

RESULTS

Among 18 patients, mean age of 72.6 (61-78), 2 (11 %) and 7 (38.9 %) biological and reported biopsy-proven local recurrence respectively with our initial technic of CA. Mean follow-up and recurrence were 56.3 (±21.7) and 20.7 (±13.9) months respectively. A previous treatment of prostate cancer (P=0.5), pre-treatment PSA (P=0.2), pre-treatment Gleason/ISUP score (P=0.4), nadir PSA post-CA (P=0.22) were not associated with recurrence. Bilateral positive cores appears as a pejorative predictive factor (P=0.04). However mean pre-treatment positive cores percentage, 25 (±16.5) in responding patients versus 40.7 (±25.2) in case of recurrence, and maximum percentage of cancer extent in each positive core, 10.6 (±9.3) in responding patients versus 18.7 (±16.5) in case of recurrence, seemed associated with local recurrence after prostate CA but our analysis wasn't able to find a difference (P=0.09 and P=0.3 respectively) due to a lack of power.

CONCLUSION

Bilateral positive cores appears as a pejorative predictive factor. In our experience, important tumor volume seem to be a pejorative predictive factor for oncologic outcomes after PCA whereas treatment, PSA, Gleason/ISUP score, nadir PSA are not.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

4.

Therapeutic Ultrasound and Prostate Cancer

Therapeutic ultrasound approaches including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are emerging as popular minimally invasive alternative treatments for localized, low-to-intermediate risk prostate cancer. FDA approval was recently granted for two ultrasound-guided HIFU devices. Clinical trials for devices using MRI guidance are ongoing. The current level of evidence for whole-gland ultrasound ablation suggests that its clinical efficacy and adverse event rates including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence are similar to current definitive therapies such as radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. Short-term data suggest that more focal therapy could reduce the rates of adverse events.

[HIFU for prostate cancer in patients with a history of severe colorectal disease]

OBJECTIVES

To report the functional and oncological outcomes of HIFU for prostate cancer in patients with a history of severe colorectal disease.

METHODS

Between 2002 and 2009, 14 patients with a history of severe colorectal disease (cancer, lymphoma, inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]) were treated with HIFU as a primary care option for localized prostate cancer.

RESULTS

Mean age was 65.8 ± 6.1 years. Mean time between colorectal disease treatment and HIFU was 10.6 ± 6.8 years. The mean Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) before HIFU was 12.1 ng/mL (4.5-55). Gleason score was inferior or equal to 6 in four patients (28.6%), equal to 7 in nine patients (64.3%) and superior or equal to 8 in one patient (7.1%). The mean prostate volume before HIFU was 22.1 ± 11.7 mL. The number of HIFU sessions per patient was 1.35. The mean nadir PSA was 0.61 ± 0.82 ng/mL. Systematic control biopsies were negative in seven patients (50%). Mean follow-up was 22 months with a 35.7% complication rate (three erectile dysfunctions, two urinary stress incontinences). No recto-urethral fistula occurred.

CONCLUSION

HIFU was an interesting therapy for patients with a history of colorectal disease for whom regular treatment was challenging or non feasible.

High-intensity focused ultrasound and prostate cancer: technology, state of the art and future

Background.

The potential applications of the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a minimally invasive therapy of the localized prostate cancer explain the growing interest of the urologic community towards this technique. HIFU has been assessed for its role in the treatment of localized prostate cancer in patients who otherwise would not have benefited from surgery, and in local recurrences after radiation failure.

Methods.

Relevant information on HIFU treatment was identified through a literature search of published studies.

Results.

High biochemical efficacy, excellent tumor local control and favorable mid- and long-term oncological data with a low morbidity rate have been shown in many series of patients.

Conclusions.

Although HIFU is a recent and emerging technology, it has been well studied and developed to a point that HIFU will undoubtedly be an effective alternative to radiation therapy.