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Sun M, Zhao W, Xie Q, Zhan Y, Wu B. Lentinan reduces tumor progression by enhancing gemcitabine chemotherapy in urothelial bladder cancer. Surg Oncol 2014; 24:28-34. [PMID: 25434982 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that chemotherapy has limited antitumor activity against advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic methods for patients with advanced UBC. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of lentinan alone, gemcitabine alone, or lentinan combined with gemcitabine on the proliferation of the UBC cell line, T24, were investigated. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, and flow cytometry were used to determine the proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells in each treatment group. Survival-related protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. Increased concentrations of lentinan, or lentinan combined with gemcitabine, positively correlated with decreased T24 cell proliferation. Lentinan combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy significantly inhibited UBC cell proliferation. Gemcitabine has the ability to induce T24 cell apoptosis, and this effect is enhanced when it is combined with lentinan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Qingpeng Xie
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yunhong Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Yap KL, Kiyotani K, Tamura K, Antic T, Jang M, Montoya M, Campanile A, Yew PY, Ganshert C, Fujioka T, Steinberg GD, O'Donnell PH, Nakamura Y. Whole-exome sequencing of muscle-invasive bladder cancer identifies recurrent mutations of UNC5C and prognostic importance of DNA repair gene mutations on survival. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6605-17. [PMID: 25316812 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of suboptimal outcomes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer even with multimodality therapy, determination of potential genetic drivers offers the possibility of improving therapeutic approaches and discovering novel prognostic indicators. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using pTN staging, we case-matched 81 patients with resected ≥pT2 bladder cancers for whom perioperative chemotherapy use and disease recurrence status were known. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted in 43 cases to identify recurrent somatic mutations and targeted sequencing of 10 genes selected from the initial screening in an additional 38 cases was completed. Mutational profiles along with clinicopathologic information were correlated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the patients. RESULTS We identified recurrent novel somatic mutations in the gene UNC5C (9.9%), in addition to TP53 (40.7%), KDM6A (21.0%), and TSC1 (12.3%). Patients who were carriers of somatic mutations in DNA repair genes (one or more of ATM, ERCC2, FANCD2, PALB2, BRCA1, or BRCA2) had a higher overall number of somatic mutations (P = 0.011). Importantly, after a median follow-up of 40.4 months, carriers of somatic mutations (n = 25) in any of these six DNA repair genes had significantly enhanced RFS compared with noncarriers [median, 32.4 vs. 14.8 months; hazard ratio of 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.98; P = 0.0435], after adjustment for pathologic pTN staging and independent of adjuvant chemotherapy usage. CONCLUSION Better prognostic outcomes of individuals carrying somatic mutations in DNA repair genes suggest these mutations as favorable prognostic events in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Additional mechanistic investigation into the previously undiscovered role of UNC5C in bladder cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lee Yap
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tatjana Antic
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miran Jang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Magdeline Montoya
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexa Campanile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cory Ganshert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tomoaki Fujioka
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Gary D Steinberg
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter H O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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