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Khandaker MU, Nawi SNM, Lam SE, Sani SFA, Islam MA, Islam MA, Naseer KA, Osman H, Bradley DA. Thermoluminescent characterization and defect studies of graphite-rich media under high dose neutron exposure. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 196:110771. [PMID: 36933313 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermoluminescence (TL) materials have a broad variety of uses in various fields, such as clinical research, individual dosimetry, and environmental dosimetry, amongst others. However, the use of individual neutron dosimetry has been developing more aggressively lately. In this regard, present study establishes a relationship between the neutron dosage and the optical property changes of graphite-rich materials caused by high doses of neutron radiation. This has been done with the intention of developing a novel, graphite-based radiation dosimeter. Herein, the TL yield of commercially graphite-rich materials (i.e. graphite sheet, 2B and HB grade pencils) irradiated by neutron radiation with doses ranging from 250 Gy to 1500 Gy has been investigated. The samples were bombarded with thermal neutrons as well as a negligible amount of gamma rays, from the nuclear reactor TRIGA-II installed at the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. The shape of the glow curves was observed to be independent of the given dosage, with the predominant TL dosimetric peak maintained within the region of 163 °C-168 °C for each sample. By studying the glow curves of the irradiated samples, some of the most well theoretical models and techniques were used to compute the kinetic parameters such as the order of kinetics (b), activation energy (E) or trap depth, frequency factor (s) or escape probability, and trap lifetime (τ). All of the samples were found to have a good linear response over the whole dosage range, with 2B grade of polymer pencil lead graphite (PPLGs) demonstrating a higher level of sensitivity than both HB grade and graphite sheet (GS) samples. Additionally, the level of sensitivity shown by each of them is highest at the lowest dosage that was given, and it decreases as the dose increases. Importantly, the phenomenon of dose-dependent structural modifications and internal annealing of defects has been observed by assessing the area of deconvoluted micro-Raman spectra of graphite-rich materials in high-frequency areas. This trend is consistent with the cyclical pattern reported in the intensity ratio of defect and graphite modes in previously investigated carbon-rich media. Such recurrent occurrences suggest the idea of employing Raman microspectroscopy as a radiation damage study tool for carbonaceous materials. The excellent responses of the key TL properties of the 2B grade pencil demonstrate its usefulness as a passive radiation dosimeter. As a consequence, the findings suggest that graphite-rich materials have the potential to be useful as a low-cost passive radiation dosimeter, with applications in radiotherapy and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIURd, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Airport Rd., 11831, Amman, Jordan.
| | - S N Mat Nawi
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Science, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S E Lam
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Amirul Islam
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - M A Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K A Naseer
- Department of Physics, Farook College (Autonomous), Kozhikode, 673632, India
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 2425, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Mat Nawi SN, Khandaker MU, Sani SFA, Lam SE, Ung NM, Almugren KS, Bradley DA. Low-cost commercial graphite-rich pencils subjected to electron irradiation for passive radiation dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 188:110419. [PMID: 35988526 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Various thicknesses of 2B grade polymer pencil lead graphite (PPLG) were used in the present study, which focussed on the alteration in crystalline lattice and the structural defect caused by the electron irradiation dosage ranging from 0.5 to 20 Gy delivered by an Elekta HD Linac. The fundamental trap parameters i.e. kinetics order (b), activation energy (E), and frequency factor (s) of the PPLG samples have been estimated using the initial rise and peak shape approaches by fitting the thermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks of the PPLG samples exposed to 20 Gy. The lifetime of the TL glow peak is also presented, which provides information on the stability of the TL signal at maximum temperatures. Raman, Photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra are being used to observe the structural changes that have occurred as a result of the radiation doses. These spectroscopies offer an understanding of the physical parameters that are related to the defects and taking part in the luminescence process. When all of the data are taken into account, it is anticipated that 0.3 mm PPLG is an effective material for dosimetry. The results of these lines of research are intended to educate the innovation of versatile graphite radiation dosimeters as a low-cost efficient system for radiation detection. The studied PPLG offers tissue equivalence as well as high spatial resolution, both are desirable criteria for a material to be used in the monitoring of ionising radiation or a variety of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurasiah Mat Nawi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S E Lam
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N M Ung
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Almugren
- Department of Physics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Khandaker MU, Nawi SM, Lam S, Bradley D, Sani SA, Faruque M, Yasmin S, Idris AM. Studies of defect states and kinetic parameters of car windscreen for thermoluminescence retrospective dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 186:110271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ahmed IK, Khalaf HNB, Ambrosino F, Mostafa MYA. Fly ash radiological characterization from thermal power plants in Iraq. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Randive K, Jawadand S, Dora ML, Kadam AR, Dhoble SJ. Tailoring of thermoluminescent properties and assessment of trapping parameters of natural fluorite samples from Dogargaon fluorite mines, India. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1648-1657. [PMID: 34145942 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mineral fluorite or fluorspar (CaF2 ) can host significant quantities of trivalent REE3+ (rare earth element) by substitution with divalent Ca2+ . The fluorites associated with carbonatites are often REE-rich compared to those derived from sedimentary, hydrothermal, or Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) fluorites. The naturally occurring fluorites have several industrial applications one of which is for luminescence. Whether or not REE enriched, the fluorite makes an ideal host for REEs, which are very important phosphors. The naturally occurring fluorites are available in sufficient quantities to cater to the industrial demand. Investigations have been carried out on the fluorites from active fluorite mines at Dongargaon in central India. Thermoluminescence behavior of a natural fluorite sample was investigated using a Nucleonix TL 1009I thermoluminescence reader. Multiple traps formed in the broad thermoluminescent (TL) glow curve were found by TL anal deconvolution software. Trapping parameters for all multiple traps formed on deconvoluting broad TL glow curve were found by different methods like Initial rise method, Chen's Peak shape method and Ilich method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M L Dora
- Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Nagpur, India
| | | | - S J Dhoble
- Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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Bradley DA, Ee LS, Mat Nawi SN, Abdul Sani SF, Khandaker M, Alzimami K, Jambi L. Graphite sheets in study of radiation dosimetry and associated investigations of damage. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109769. [PMID: 34048993 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Present work builds upon prior investigations concerning the novel use of graphite-rich polymer pencil-lead for passive radiation dosimetry. Working with photon-mediated interactions at levels of dose familiar in radiotherapy, exploratory investigations have now been made using graphite produced commercially in the form of 50 μm thick sheets. Focusing on the relationship between absorbed radiation energy and induced material changes, investigations have been made of thermo- and photoluminescence dose dependence, also of alterations in Raman spectroscopic features. Photoluminescence studies have focused on the degree of structural order of the samples when exposed to incident MeV energy gamma-radiation, supported by crystallite size evaluations. The results are consistent and evident of structural alterations, radiation-driven thermal annealing also being observed. The results, supportive of previous TL, Raman and photoluminescence studies, are readily understood to arise from irradiation changes occurring at the microscopic level. Notwithstanding the non-linearities observed in the conduct of Raman and photoluminescence studies there is clear potential for applications in use of the defect-dependent methods herein, providing sensitive detection of radiation damage in graphite and from it dose determination. Most specifically, the readily available thin graphite sheets can provide the basis of a low-cost yet highly effective system for studies of radiation-driven changes in carbon (and/or carbon based composites), also as a dosimetric probe of skin dose, its atomic number closely matching with the effective atomic number of soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guidlford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Lam Siok Ee
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurasiah Mat Nawi
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fairus Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Alzimami
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layal Jambi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Khandaker MU, Mat Nawi SN, Bradley DA, Lam SE, Abdul Sani SF, Sulieman A. Studies of thermoluminescence kinetic parameters of polymer pencil lead graphite under photon exposures. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109757. [PMID: 33990033 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of the polymer pencil lead graphite (PPLG) due to its potential applications in radiation dosimetry. The TL glow curves provide information on the physical parameters of the defects participating in luminescence process. The glow curves for different diameters PPLG samples were obtained with varying temperature from 50 to 300 °C, at a fixed heating rate of 10 °Cs-1. A number of methods (initial rise, peak shape and curve fitting) were used to fit the TL glow peaks of the PPLG samples obtained under photon dose of 200 Gy. From the fitted TL signals, the trap parameters such as the order of kinetics, the activation energy, the frequency factor, etc. for the individual peaks were numerically determined. The lifetimes of TL process were calculated assuming the first-order kinetics. The results are compared among the different methods adopted in this study. Implications about the possible results in glow curve deconvolution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurasiah Mat Nawi
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - David Andrew Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Siok Ee Lam
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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