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Ramzaev V, Bernhardsson C, Vodovatov A, Chipiga L, Nekrasov V, Dvornik A. Ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides and 137Cs at grasslands and forests in the area of the Belarusian NPP in the pre-commissioning period (2019). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:496-503. [PMID: 38364798 PMCID: PMC10997857 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In situ gamma-spectrometric measurements were performed at grasslands (45 plots) and forests (6 plots) in the vicinity of the Belarusian nuclear power plant in September-October 2019. The aim of the study was to evaluate the baseline level of ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides and 137Cs in the period preceding the commissioning of the NPP. The study revealed more than a 2-fold variability in values of the total ambient dose equivalent rate: from 29 to 72 nSv/h. This spread can be explained by variability in the content of natural radionuclides in the environment and, accordingly, ambient dose equivalent rate. At forest sites, compared to grassland sites, the values of ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides were statistically significantly lower. The contribution of gamma radiation from 137Cs to the total ambient dose equivalent rate was insignificant and averaged 3% for grasslands and 6% for forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Ramzaev
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Christian Bernhardsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aleksandr Vodovatov
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Larisa Chipiga
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Vladislav Nekrasov
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander Dvornik
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo Str., Gomel, Belarus
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Poltabtim W, Musikawan S, Thumwong A, Omori Y, Kranrod C, Hosoda M, Saenboonruang K, Tokonami S. Estimation of Ambient Dose Equivalent Rate Distribution Map Using Walking Survey Technique in Hirosaki City, Aomori, Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2657. [PMID: 36768021 PMCID: PMC9916362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At present, much emphasis is placed on the health risks associated with radioactivity present in the environment, especially since the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. In this study, a walking survey was conducted in Hirosaki City using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer to estimate and map the distribution of the ambient dose equivalent rate to monitor the radiological safety of the general public in Hirosaki City, where many nuclear facilities are located nearby. The average (±standard deviation) ambient dose equivalent rate was 0.056 ± 0.020 µSv h-1. By comparison with the measurement data, it was found that the values of 85% of the data obtained using the walking survey technique deviated within ±20% relative to those obtained by spot measurements. Furthermore, the distribution of dose rates obtained in the nighttime survey was not significantly different from those obtained in the daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawat Poltabtim
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saowarak Musikawan
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
| | - Arkarapol Thumwong
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yasutaka Omori
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
- The Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology (PRTKMMN), Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), JI. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chutima Kranrod
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosoda
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kiadtisak Saenboonruang
- Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials (RTAM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan
- The Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology (PRTKMMN), Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), JI. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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Ramzaev V, Bernhardsson C, Dvornik A, Barkovsky A, Vodovatov A, Jönsson M. In situ determination of 137Cs inventory in soil using a field-portable scintillation gamma spectrometer-dosimeter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 231:106562. [PMID: 33667829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new empirical method for in situ determination of the inventory of 137Cs in soil (ACs, kBq m-2) at grasslands and forests using a field-portable NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer-dosimeter was developed. The method is based on evaluation of the ambient dose equivalent build-up factor. The practical implementation of the new method with the spectrometer-dosimeter does not require a priori knowledge of the vertical distribution of 137Cs in soil. Moreover, the method allows assessing a value of the mean migration depth of 137Cs in soil (Z) in terms of g cm-2. The 95% confidence interval for the mean value of the conversion coefficients from the ambient dose equivalent build-up factor to ACs and to Z is less than 10%. The new method has been developed and verified using published data that where obtained at territories in Russia and Belarus heavily contaminated with 137Cs (ACs > 37 kBq m-2) due to the Chernobyl accident. Therefore, the survey of less contaminated areas requires additional validation of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramzaev
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira str., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Bernhardsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - A Dvornik
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo str., Gomel, Belarus
| | - A Barkovsky
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira str., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Vodovatov
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira str., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Jönsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Carl Bertil Laurells gata 9, Malmö, Sweden
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Cui L, Taira Y, Matsuo M, Orita M, Yamada Y, Takamura N. Environmental Remediation of the difficult-to-return zone in Tomioka Town, Fukushima Prefecture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10165. [PMID: 32576864 PMCID: PMC7311413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal variations in ambient dose rates in a restricted area designated as "difficult-to-return" for residents of Tomioka Town, Fukushima Prefecture were evaluated in a car-borne survey during 2018-2019. The median dose rates in the "Decontaminated area" in the difficult-to-return zone decreased rapidly from 1.0 μSv/h to 0.32 μSv/h; however, the median dose rates in the "Non-decontaminated area" and "Radioactive waste storage area" fluctuated between 1.1-1.4 μSv/h and 0.46-0.61 μSv/h, respectively. The detected rate of the cesium-137 (137Cs) (137Cs-detected points per all measuring points) in the "Decontaminated area" also decreased rapidly from 64% to 6.7%, accompany with decreasing in ambient dose rates. On the other hand, the detection of 137Cs in the "Radioactive waste storage area" and "Non-decontaminated area" decreased from 53% to 17% and 93% to 88%, respectively. We confirmed that the dose rates in the Decontaminated area dramatically decreased due to decontamination work aiming to help residents return home. Moreover, the estimated external exposure dose of workers during the present survey was 0.66 mSv/y in the Decontaminated area and 0.55 mSv/y in the Radioactive waste storage area, respectively. This case of Tomioka Town within the "difficult-to-return zone" may be the first reconstruction model for evaluating environmental contamination and radiation exposure dose rates due to artificial radionuclides derived from the nuclear disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Cui
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Matsuo
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Makiko Orita
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamada
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noboru Takamura
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 852-8523, Japan
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Ramzaev V, Bernhardsson C, Dvornik A, Barkovsky A, Vodovatov A, Jönsson M, Gaponenko S. Calculation of the effective external dose rate to a person staying in the resettlement zone of the Vetka district of the Gomel region of Belarus based on in situ and ex situ assessments in 2016-2018. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 214-215:106168. [PMID: 32063294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary assessment of the expected effective dose rate from external exposure to an adult individual staying at that part of the radioactively contaminated territory of the Vetka district of the Gomel region of the Republic of Belarus, from where residents had been resettled after the Chernobyl accident. For this assessment, in summer 2016 and 2018 soil samples were taken from 19 sites located in forests (7 plots), virgin meadows (4 plots), cultivated meadows (6 plots) and vegetable gardens (2 plots), with the subsequent estimation of the inventory and vertical distribution of 137Cs in the soil. The values of 137Cs inventory in the soil ranged from 452 to 1620 kBq m-2 (mean = 904 kBq m-2, median = 964 kBq m-2). The results of the measurement of soil samples were used to calculate values of the air kerma rate, normalized to the inventory of radioactive caesium in the soil. On average, the normalized indicator of the air kerma rate from the man-made source was higher in forests (1.13 nGy h-1 per kBq m-2) compared to virgin meadows (0.95 nGy h-1 per kBq m-2). Normalized air kerma rate in cultivated meadows and vegetable gardens was approximately two times lower than the corresponding indicator for virgin meadows. Using a field gamma spectrometer-dosemeter, ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation in the air was measured at the surveyed sites and the contributions of the technogenic and natural components to the dose rate were estimated. Additionally, such measurements were performed on asphalted surfaces (5 sites) and inside two wooden houses. The measured values of the total ambient dose equivalent rate at a height of 1 m above the ground, asphalted surface or house floor varied from 160 to 2260 nSv h-1. The lowest levels were recorded over asphalted surfaces and inside houses, and the highest ones at forest and virgin meadow sites. The contribution of the technogenic component to the total dose rate varied from 61.9% to 98.8% (mean = 88.9%; n = 26). The effective dose of anthropogenic radiation calculated from the results of in situ measurements in a forest, virgin meadow, cultivated meadow, kitchen garden, asphalted area and house was 0.59, 0.80, 0.34, 0.29, 0.06 and 0.06 μSv h-1, respectively. Similar values for land plots were calculated based on ex situ analysis of soil samples. It can be expected that, starting from 2020, the average effective external dose of a person staying in the resettlement zone of the Vetka district will not exceed 1 mSv year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramzaev
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - C Bernhardsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Dvornik
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo Str., Gomel, Belarus
| | - A Barkovsky
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Vodovatov
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Jönsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Gaponenko
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 4 Fedyuninskogo Str., Gomel, Belarus
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Ramzaev VP, Barkovsky AN. Correlation between calculated and measured values of gamma dose rate in air in forests contaminated with 137Cs: the remote period after the Chernobyl accident. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.21514/1998-426x-2019-12-4-37-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2015–2016, 13 forest and 7 virgin grassland plots located in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region were surveyed. The aim of the work was to experimentally test the possibility of using a method for calculating the dose rate of gamma radiation in air in radioactively contaminated forests in a remote period after the Chernobyl accident. According to the results of gamma-spectrometric analysis of soil samples obtained at the sites in another study, the values of inventory and vertical distribution of 137Cs in the upper 20 cm layer were established. In this paper, these data were used to calculate the air kerma rate using a method taken from literature. In addition, at the sites of soil sampling, ambient dose equivalent rate in air was measured, and the contribution of 137Cs to the total gamma dose rate was determined with a field gamma spectrometer-dosemeter. The measured values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs correlated positively and statistically significantly with the calculated values of the air kerma rate. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.989 (P < 0.01) for the location “forest” and 0.893 (P < 0.05) for the location “grassland”. There was no statistically significant difference between the “forest” and “grassland” locations when analyzing the ratio of the measured dose rate values to the calculated dose rate values (the Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05). Results of this work show that, when calculating gamma radiation dose rate in air in forests at a remote stage after the Chernobyl accident, it is enough to know the 137Cs inventory in the upper 20 cm soil layer and a detailed picture of vertical distribution of the radionuclide in this layer. The presence of woody biomass can be neglected. This dose rate estimate is conservative. However, a degree of overestimation of the dose rate in air is small, within +10%, which is quite acceptable for determining the external effective dose rate for an individual in the radioactively contaminated forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery P. Ramzaev
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
| | - Anatoly N. Barkovsky
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being
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Daniela G, Carloni S, Voltaggio M, Di Lisa GA. PRE-ANTHROPIC AND PRESENT OUTDOOR GAMMA EQUIVALENT DOSE RATE OF THE HISTORIC CENTER OF ROME (ITALY). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 187:518-534. [PMID: 31702770 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The outdoor gamma background of the historic center of Rome was studied by in situ measurements and average values of the outcropping geological formations. The survey resulted in two maps of dose equivalent rate, related to pre-anthropic and present conditions. Presently, the average of the dose equivalent rate from outdoor gamma-ray field is equal to 0.31 μSv h-1, corresponding to an outdoor annual effective dose equivalent of 0.548 mSv a-1 and to an outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk [International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Recommendations of the ICRP, 21, 1/3, Publication 60, 1990] of 2.56 × 10-3. The originary radioactivity was enhanced by anthropic action up to a level of health risk comparable to that one deriving by fine particulate matter. The assessment of the evolution and dispersion of the outdoor gamma background offers a new perspective to study the urban architectural evolution. Such a mapping allows us to individuate mitigation actions and neighborhoods in which the monitoring of illicit trafficking of radioactive material can be efficiently tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglietta Daniela
- Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG-CNR), Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, Montelibretti, 00010, RM, Italy
| | - Serena Carloni
- Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG-CNR), Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, Montelibretti, 00010, RM, Italy
| | - Mario Voltaggio
- Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (IGAG-CNR), Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d, km 0.700, Montelibretti, 00010, RM, Italy
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Andoh M, Yamamoto H, Kanno T, Saito K. Measurement of ambient dose equivalent rates by walk survey around Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant using KURAMA-II until 2016. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 210:105812. [PMID: 30424885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient dose equivalent rates in various environments related to human lives were measured by walk surveys using the KURAMA-II systems from 2013 to 2016 within an 80-km radius of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant. The dose rate of the locations where the walk survey was performed decreased to about 38% of its initial value in the 42 months from June 2013 to the December 2016, which was beyond that attributable to the physical decay of radiocaesium. The ecological half-life of the slow decreasing component was evaluated to be 4.1 ± 0.2 y. The air dose rates decreased depending on the level of the evacuation areas, and the decrease in the dose rates was slightly larger in populated areas where humans are active. The dose rates as measured by walk surveys exhibited a good correlation with those by car-borne surveys, suggesting that car-borne survey data are reflecting the air dose rates in living environments surrounding roads. The comparison of walk survey data with car-borne survey data indicated that the air dose rate varies largely even within a 100 m square area, and the variation is enhanced by human activities. The dose rates measured by the walk surveys were estimated to be medial of those along roads and those of undisturbed flat ground, and they were found to be decreasing quickly compared with the air dose rate from the flat ground fixed-point measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Andoh
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanno
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Saito
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan
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Giustini F, Ciotoli G, Rinaldini A, Ruggiero L, Voltaggio M. Mapping the geogenic radon potential and radon risk by using Empirical Bayesian Kriging regression: A case study from a volcanic area of central Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:449-464. [PMID: 30677690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A detailed geochemical study on radon related to local geology was carried out in the municipality of Celleno, a little settlement located in the eastern border of the Quaternary Vulsini volcanic district (central Italy). This study included soil-gas and terrestrial gamma dose rate survey, laboratory analyses of natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K) activity in rocks and soil samples, and indoor radon measurements carried out in selected private and public dwellings. Soil-gas radon and carbon dioxide concentrations range from 6 to 253 kBq/m3 and from 0.3 to11% v/v, respectively. Samples collected from outcropping volcanic and sedimentary rocks highlight: significant concentrations of 238U, 226Ra and 40K for lavas (151, 150 and 1587 Bq/kg, respectively), low concentrations for tuffs (126, 123 and 987 Bq/kg, respectively), and relatively low for sedimentary rocks (108, 109 and 662 Bq/kg, respectively). Terrestrial gamma dose rate values range between 0.130 and 0.417 μSv/h, being in good accordance with the different bedrock types. Indoor radon activity ranges from 162 to 1044 Bq/m3; the calculated values of the annual effective dose varied from 4.08 and 26.31 mSv/y. Empirical Bayesian Kriging Regression (EBKR) was used to develop the Geogenic Radon Potential (GRP) map. EBKR provided accurate predictions of data on a local scale developing a spatial regression model in which soil-gas radon concentrations were considered as the response variable; several proxy variables, derived from geological, topographic and geochemical data, were used as predictors. Risk prediction map for indoor radon was tentatively produced using the Gaussian Geostatistical Simulation and a soil-indoor transfer factor was defined for a 'standard' dwelling (i.e., a dwelling with well-defined construction properties). This approach could be successfully used in the case of homogeneous building characteristics and territory with uniform geological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giustini
- CNR-IGAG, National Research Council, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Ciotoli
- CNR-IGAG, National Research Council, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, Italy; INGV, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
| | - Alessio Rinaldini
- INAIL-DIT, National Institute for the Insurance on Work Accidents, Department of Technological Innovations, Italy
| | - Livio Ruggiero
- Sapienza - University of Rome, Earth Science Department, Italy
| | - Mario Voltaggio
- CNR-IGAG, National Research Council, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, Italy
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Andoh M, Yamamoto H, Kanno T, Saito K. Measurement of ambient dose equivalent rates by walk survey around Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant using KURAMA-II until 2016. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 190-191:111-121. [PMID: 29778897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ambient dose equivalent rates in various environments related to human lives were measured by walk surveys using the KURAMA-II systems from 2013 to 2016 within an 80-km radius of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant. The dose rate of the locations where the walk survey was performed decreased to about 38% of its initial value in the 42 months from June 2013 to the December 2016, which was beyond that attributable to the physical decay of radiocaesium. The ecological half-life of the slow decreasing component was evaluated to be 4.1 ± 0.2 y. The air dose rates decreased depending on the level of the evacuation areas, and the decrease in the dose rates was slightly larger in populated areas where humans are active. The dose rates as measured by walk surveys exhibited a good correlation with those by car-borne surveys, suggesting that car-borne survey data are reflecting the air dose rates in living environments surrounding roads. The comparison of walk survey data with car-borne survey data indicated that the air dose rate varies largely even within a 100 m square area, and the variation is enhanced by human activities. The dose rates measured by the walk surveys were estimated to be medial of those along roads and those of undisturbed flat ground, and they were found to be decreasing quickly compared with the air dose rate from the flat ground fixed-point measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Andoh
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanno
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Saito
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka-city, Ibaraki 319-1206, Japan
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