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Glicksman RM, Loblaw A, Morton G, Vesprini D, Szumacher E, Chung HT, Chu W, Liu SK, Tseng CL, Correa R, Deabreu A, Mamedov A, Zhang L, Cheung P. Randomized Trial of Concomitant Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Boost Versus Conventionally Fractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Boost for Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer (pHART2-RCT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:100-109. [PMID: 37979707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to report on the results of a phase 2 randomized trial of moderately hypofractionated (MH) versus conventionally fractionated (CF) radiation therapy to the prostate with elective nodal irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS This was a single-center, prospective, phase 2 randomized study. Patients with high-risk disease (cT3, prostate-specific antigen level >20 ng/mL, or Gleason score 8-10) were eligible. Patients were randomized to either MH using a simultaneous integrated boost (68 Gy in 25 fractions to prostate; 48 Gy to pelvis) or CF (46 Gy in 23 fractions with a sequential boost to the prostate of 32 Gy in 16 fractions), with long-term androgen deprivation therapy. The primary endpoint was grade ≥2 acute gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0). Secondary endpoints included late GI and GU toxicity, quality of life, and oncologic outcomes. RESULTS One-hundred eighty patients were enrolled; 90 were randomized to and received MH and 90 to CF. The median follow-up was 67.4 months. Seventy-five patients (41.7%) experienced a grade ≥2 acute GI and/or GU toxicity, including 34 (37.8%) in the MH and 41 (45.6%) in the CF arms, respectively (P = .29). Late grade ≥2 GI (P = .07) and GU (P = .25) toxicity was not significantly different between arms; however, late grade ≥3 GI toxicity was worse in the MH group (P = .01). There were no statistically significant quality-of-life differences between the 2 treatments. There were no statistically significant differences observed in cumulative incidence of biochemical failure (P = .71) or distant metastasis (P = .31) and overall survival (P = .46). CONCLUSIONS MH to the prostate and pelvis with androgen deprivation therapy for men with high-risk localized prostate cancer was not significantly different than CF with regard to acute toxicity, quality of life, and oncologic efficacy. However, late grade ≥3 GI toxicity was more common in the MH arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Glicksman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gerard Morton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ewa Szumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hans T Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - William Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Deabreu
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandre Mamedov
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liying Zhang
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick Cheung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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Masson I, Larriviere L, Mahé MA, Azria D, Pommier P, Mesgouez-Nebout N, Giraud P, Peiffert D, Chauvet B, Dudouet P, Salem N, Noël G, Khalifa J, Latorzeff I, Guérin-Charbonnel C, Supiot S. Prospective results for 5-year survival and toxicity of moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in (very) high-risk prostate cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 44:100702. [PMID: 38111609 PMCID: PMC10726239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-risk (HR) prostate cancer patients usually receive high-dose radiotherapy (RT) using a two-phase sequential technique, but data on a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique are lacking. We prospectively evaluated the long-term results of urinary (GU) and digestive (GI) toxicity and survival data for high-dose RT using a SIB technique in HR and very high-risk (VHR) prostate cancer. Methods Patients were treated using an SIB technique in 34 fractions, at a dose of 54.4 Gy to the pelvis and seminal vesicles and 74.8 Gy to the prostate, combined with 36 months of androgen-depriving therapy in a prospective multicenter study. Acute and late GU and GI toxicity data were collected. Overall survival (OS), biochemical-relapse-free survival (bRFS), loco-regional-relapse-free survival (LRRFS), metastasis-free-survival (MFS) and disease-free-survival (DFS) were assessed. Results We recruited 114 patients. After a median follow-up of 62 months, very few patients experienced acute (M0-M3) (G3-4 GU = 3.7 %; G3-4 GI = 0.9 %) or late (M6-M60) severe toxicity (G3-4 GU = 5.6 %; G3-4 GI = 2.8 %). The occurrence of acute G2 + GU or GI toxicity was significantly related to the consequential late G2 + toxicity (p < 0.01 for both GU and GI). Medians of OS, bRFS, LRRFS, MFS and DFS were not reached. At 60 months, OS, bRFS, LRRFS, MFS and DFS were 88.2 % [82.1; 94.7], 86.0 % [79.4 %;93.2 %], 95.8 % [91.8 %;99.9 %], 87.2 % [80.9 %;94.0 %] and 84.1 % [77.2 %;91.6 %] respectively. Conclusion SIB RT at a dose of 54.4 Gy to the pelvis and 74.8 Gy to the prostate is feasible, leading to satisfying tumor control and reasonable toxicity in HR and VHR prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Masson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
- Department of Radiataion oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Laurène Larriviere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Marc-André Mahé
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, François Baclesse Cancer Center, Caen, France
| | - David Azria
- Fédération Universitaire d’Oncologie Radiothérapie FOROM, ICM, Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, IRCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pommier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Léon Bérard Center, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesgouez-Nebout
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Giraud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Didier Peiffert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lorraine Cancer Institute, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Chauvet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sainte Catherine Institute, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Dudouet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pont de chaume Clinic, Montauban, France
| | - Naji Salem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ICANS (Cancerology Institute of Strasbourg-Europe), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Khalifa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Igor Latorzeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pasteur Clinic, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Guérin-Charbonnel
- Clinical Trial Sponsor Unit/Biometry, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS US2B, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
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Sayyid RK, Bernardino R, Al-Daqqaq Z, Tiwari R, Cockburn J, Vijayakanthan S, Leão R, Qaoud Y, Berjaoui MB, Metser U, Berlin A, Fleshner NE. Mesorectal nodal metastasis with seminal vesicle invasion in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. BJU Int 2023; 132:664-670. [PMID: 37433574 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and predictors of mesorectal lymph node (MLN) metastases on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) following radical therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of all PCa patients with biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy who underwent an 18 F-DCFPyL-PSMA-PET/CT at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between December 2018 and February 2021. Lesions with PSMA scores ≥2 were considered positive for PCa involvement (PROMISE classification). Predictors of MLN metastasis were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 686 patients. The primary treatment method was radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy in 528 (77.0%) and 158 patients (23.0%), respectively. The median serum PSA level was 1.15 ng/mL. Overall, 384 patients (56.0%) had a positive scan. Seventy-eight patients (11.3%) had MLN metastasis, with 48/78 (61.5%) having MLN involvement as the only site of metastasis. On multivariable analysis, presence of pT3b disease (odds ratio 4.31, 95% confidence interval 1.44-14.2; P = 0.011) was significantly associated with increased odds of MLN metastasis, whereas surgical factors (radical prostatectomy vs radiotherapy; performance/extent of pelvic nodal dissection), surgical margin positivity, and Gleason Grade were not. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 11.3% of PCa patients with biochemical failure had MLN metastasis on 18 F-DCFPyL-PET/CT. pT3b disease was associated with 4.31-fold significantly increased odds of MLN metastasis. These findings suggest alternate drainage routes for PCa cells, either via alternate lymphatic drainage from the seminal vesicles themselves or secondary to direct extension from posteriorly located tumours invading the seminal vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid K Sayyid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rui Bernardino
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zizo Al-Daqqaq
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Cockburn
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ricardo Leão
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Urology, CUF Hospitals, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yazan Qaoud
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Baker Berjaoui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Choo R, Hillman DW, Mitchell C, Daniels T, Vargas C, Rwigema JC, Corbin K, Keole S, Vora S, Merrell K, Stish B, Pisansky T, Davis BJ, Amundson A, Wong W. Late Toxicity of Moderately Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Treating the Prostate and Pelvic Lymph Nodes for High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:1085-1094. [PMID: 36427645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity of moderately hypofractionated intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) targeting the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. METHODS AND MATERIALS A target accrual of 56 patients with high-risk or unfavorable intermediate risk prostate cancer were enrolled into a prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02874014) of moderately hypofractionated IMPT. IMPT with pencil beam scanning was used to deliver 6750 and 4500 cGy relative biological effectiveness in 25 daily fractions simultaneously to the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes, respectively. All received androgen deprivation therapy. Late GI and GU toxicity was prospectively assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0, at baseline, weekly during radiation therapy, 3-month postradiation therapy, and then every 6 months. Actuarial rates of late GI and GU toxicity were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Median age was 75.5 years. Fifty-four patients were available for late toxicity evaluation. Median follow-up was 43.9 months (range, 16-66). The actuarial rate of late grade ≥2 GI toxicity at both 2 and 3 years was 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2%-14.2%). The actuarial rate of late grade 3 GI toxicity at both 2 and 3 years was 1.9% (95% CI, 0%-5.4%). One patient experienced grade 3 GI toxicity with proctitis. The actuarial rate of late grade ≥2 GU toxicity was 20.5% (95% CI, 8.9%-30.6%) at 2 years, and 29.2 % (95% CI, 15.5%-40.7%) at 3 years. None had grade 3 GU toxicity. The presence of baseline GU symptoms was associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing late grade 2 GU toxicity. CONCLUSIONS A moderately hypofractionated IMPT targeting the prostate and regional pelvic lymph nodes was generally well tolerated. Patients with pre-existing GU symptoms had a higher rate of late grade 2 GU toxicity. A phase 3 study is needed to assess any therapeutic gain of IMPT, in comparison with photon-based radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Choo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - David W Hillman
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cecilia Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas Daniels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jean Claude Rwigema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Kimberly Corbin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sameer Keole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Sujay Vora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Kenneth Merrell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bradley Stish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas Pisansky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adam Amundson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
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Correa RJM, Loblaw A. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: Hitting Harder, Faster, and Smarter in High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:889132. [PMID: 35875062 PMCID: PMC9301671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.889132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a technologically sophisticated form of radiotherapy that holds significant potential to effectively treat high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC). Prostate SBRT has been the subject of intense investigation in the context of low- and intermediate-risk disease, but less so for HRPC. However, emerging data are demonstrating its potential to safely and efficiently delivery curative doses of radiotherapy, both to the prostate and elective lymph nodes. SBRT theoretically hits harder through radiobiological dose escalation facilitated by ultra-hypofractionation (UHRT), faster with only five treatment fractions, and smarter by using targeted, focal dose escalation to maximally ablate the dominant intraprostatic lesion (while maximally protecting normal tissues). To achieve this, advanced imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging and prostate specific membrane antigen positron emmission tomography (PSMA-PET) are leveraged in combination with cutting-edge radiotherapy planning and delivery technology. In this focused narrative review, we discuss key evidence and upcoming clinical trials evaluating SBRT for HRPC with a focus on dose escalation, elective nodal irradiation, and focal boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohann J. M. Correa
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Health Policy, Measurement and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- *Correspondence: Andrew Loblaw,
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Viani GA, Gouveia AG, Moraes FY, Cury FL. "Meta-analysis of elective pelvic nodal irradiation using moderate hypofractionation for high-risk prostate cancer" (MENHYP-ENI). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:1044-1053. [PMID: 35430317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite several advances in planning and delivery of radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer, the role of elective pelvic nodal irradiation (EPNI) remains controversial for high-risk disease. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with moderate hypofractionated RT (MHF-RT) with EPNI using modern radiotherapy techniques. METHODS Eligible studies were identified on Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and proceedings of annual meetings through October 2021. We followed the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A meta-regression analysis was performed to assess a possible correlation between selected variables and outcomes. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Eighteen studies with a total of 1745 patients, median follow-up 61 months, treated with EPNI employing MHF-RT were included. The biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) at 5-, 7- and 10-year was 90% (95% CI 88-94%), 83% (95%CI 78-91%) and 78% (95%CI 68-88%). The 5-year prostate cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, distant metastases-free survival and overall survival were 98% (95%CI 97-99%), 88.7% (95%CI 85-93%), 91.2% (95%CI 88-92%), and 93% (95%CI 90-96%), respectively. The rates of local, pelvic, and distant recurrence were 0.38% (95%CI 0-2%), 0.13% (95%CI 0-1.5%), and 7.35% (95%CI 2-12%), respectively. The rate of late GI and GU toxicity grade ≥ 2 were 6.7% (95%CI 4-9%), and 11.3% (95%CI 7.6-15%), with heterogeneity, but with rare cases of toxicity grade 3-5. CONCLUSION EPNI with concomitant MHF-RT provides satisfactory bRFS in the long-term follow-up, with low rates of GU and GI severe toxicities and minimal pelvic and local failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Viani
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Medical Imagings, Hematology and Oncology of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Andre G Gouveia
- Radiation Oncology Department, Americas Centro de Oncologia Integrado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Fabio L Cury
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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